诺氟沙星合成工艺概述

对诺氟沙星的生产工艺作了简要述评,着重对生产上存在的技术问题及可能解决的途径提出了看法。     

肾综合征出血热特异性抗体的检测与中西医结合治疗的研究

目的探索一种更为简便、快速、特异、灵敏的肾综合征出血热(hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, HFRS)抗体的检测方法及更为有效的中西医结合治疗手段.方法559例HFRS患者血清同时采用免疫滴金法(colloidal gold immuno-dot assay,CGIDA)与酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)对比检测特异性免疫球蛋白M抗体(抗HFRS-IgM),间接免疫荧光法(indirect fluorescent antibody test,IFAT)对比检测特异性免疫球蛋白G抗体(抗HFRS-IgG).101例HFRS患者分组进行中西医结合治疗,治疗组50例用苦黄注射液、参麦注射液联合黄芪口服液,对照组51例用利巴韦林注射液联合甘利欣注射液,针对老年患者的临床特点,及早采用综合性防治措施.结果559例HFRS患者血清,以CGIDA法检测抗HFRS-IgM,阳性396例(70.8%);以CGIDA法检测抗HFRS-IgG,阳性489例(87.5%).治疗组与对照组用药后退热天数、主要症状和体征缓解天数相似(P＞0.05);肾功能恢复天数,对照组优于治疗组(P<0.01);在越期方面,治疗组越休克期数明显高于对照组(P<0.01). 结论CGIDA法检测HFRS特异性抗体分别与ELISA法及IFAT法对照,均有简便、快速、特异、灵敏之优点,检测抗HFRS-IgM,CGIDA法敏感性差于ELISA法,但是无假阳性;检测抗HFRS-IgG,CGIDA法的灵敏度高于IFAT法.苦黄注射液、参麦注射液联合黄芪口服液与利巴韦林注射液联合甘利欣注射液相比较,疗效无明显差别,但前者优于改善休克情况,后者强于改善肾功能.     

先天性肾上腺皮质增生伴睾丸间质细胞腺瘤性增生一例报告并文献复习

目的提高对先灭性肾上腺皮质增生伴睾丸间质细胞腺瘤性增生的认识。方法总结1例先天性肾上隙皮质增生伴睾丸间质细胞腺瘤性增生患者资料。患者，男，25岁。以双侧睾丸结节就诊。查体见双侧睾丸、附睾结节感，右睾丸增大，表面凹凸不平，质地硬。实验审检查睾酮（T）18．7nmol／L、17α-羟化酶（17α-（OH）P）〉20．0ng／ml、快速ACTH兴奋试验阳性、中剂量地塞米松抑制试验阳性。B超提示双睾丸弥漫性病变合并部分占位，示双侧肾上腺皮质增生。睾丸活枪结果为间质细胞增生结节，免疫组化α-inhibin（＋）。结果结合病史、实验室、影像学及病理学检查诊断为先大性肾上腺皮质增生伴睾丸间质细胞腺瘤性增生。口服氢化可的松替代治疗，40mg／d，2周后30mg／d维持治疗，8个月后超声检查双侧睾丸结节消退。随访2年，肿物无复发。结论双侧睾丸肿块应结合病史和内分泌检查除外先天性肾上腺皮质增生伴睾凡间质细胞腺瘤性增生，经口服皮质激素替代治疗，激素敏感型睾丸间质细胞腺瘤性增生可以消退。     

Electrical impedance scanning in breast tumor imaging: correlation with the growth pattern of lesion

Background This study researched the electric impedance properties of breast tissue and demonstrated the differentcharacteristic of electrical impedance scanning (EIS) images.Methods The impedance character of 40 malignant tumors, 34 benign tumors and some normal breast tissue from 69patients undergoing breast surgery was examined by EIS in vivo measurement and mammography screening, with aseries of frequencies set between 100 Hz-100 kHz in the ex vivo spectroscopy measurement.Results Of the 39 patients with 40 malignant tumors, 24 showed bright spots, 11 showed dark areas in EIS and 5showed no specific image. Of the 30 patients with 34 benign tumors there were almost no specific abnormality shown inthe EIS results. Primary ex vivo spectroscopy experiments showed that the resistivity of various breast tissue take thefollowing pattern: adipose tissue＞cancerous tissue＞mammary gland and benign tumor tissue.Conclusions There are significant differences in the electrical impedance properties between cancerous tissue andhealthy tissue. The impedivity of benign tumor is lower, and is at the same level with that of the mammary glandulartissue. The distinct growth pattern of breast lesions determined the different electrical impedance characteristics in theEIS results.     

巨噬细胞炎性蛋白4的突变和原核表达

目的 探索如何抑制嗜酸细胞的趋化作用，选择β-趋化因子巨噬细胞炎性蛋白4（MIP4）的突变性（Met-MIP4)作为趋化因子受体3的拮抗剂，将Met-MIP4基因在原核细胞中进行表达。方法 设计MIP4基因的PCR引物并进行氨基酸突变，将MIP4N末端的丙氨酸突变为蛋氨酸，以正常人肺酸突变，将MIP4N末端的丙氨酸突变为蛋氨酸。以正常人肺cDNA文库为模板，PCR方法获取Met-MIP4基因，克隆入载体pUC19，测序验证序列已得到突变，将正确的基因插入到GST融合表达载体pGEX-4T中，以IPTG诱导表达。结果 PCR产物为220bp左右的片段，连接入pUC19质粒后测序验证获得正确突变，构建的pGEX-4T融合表达载体在大肠杆菌中表达，经SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳显示有大小约34kU的新生融合蛋白表达。结论 成功突变并克隆了β-趋化因子MIP4基因，SDS-PAGE表明，与GST融合的Met-MIP4突变体已得到表达，为进一步研究其生物学活性奠定了基础。     

Transmission of HIV-1 infection between trophoblast placental cells and T-cells take place via an LFA-1-mediated cell to cell contact

HIV-1 vertical transmission is thought to mainly take place by virus crossing the placental barrier. However, the mechanism by which HIV-1-infects placental cells remains to be elucidated. We have found that purified cytotrophoblasts as well as trophoblastic cell lines are susceptible to infection by different HIV-1 isolates as detected by DNA-PCR and release of infectious virus, although with very low efficiency. Purified trophoblast or trophoblastic cell lines express low levels of chemokine receptors CCR-5 and CXCR-4 but not CD4 on the cell surface. To test if those molecules were used as receptors for HIV-1 infection, placental cells were pretreated with antibodies to CD4, CC-chemokines, C-X-C chemokines. None of those treatments inhibited HIV-1 infection. In contrast, we have found that HIV-1 infection of placental cells was increased in cocultures of infected T-cell blasts and placental cells. More interestingly, antibodies to beta(2) integrins and to LFA-1 were able to significantly block infection of placental cells. Cell surface expression of ICAM-1, an adhesion molecule involved in attachment of leukocytes to placenta, was upregulated in HIV-1-infected placental cells. Placental cells were able to transfer HIV-1 infection to T-cell blasts. This transmission required cell to cell contact and was also inhibited by anti-LFA-1 antibodies. In summary our results suggest that placental trophoblast could be infected by HIV-1 by a mechanism involving T cell to placental contact. Moreover, placental infection enhanced ICAM-1 expression and leukocyte adherence, an event which was required to transfer HIV-1 infection to T cells. This provides an explanation of the virus passing through the placental barrier during in utero HIV-1 vertical transmission.     

大鼠肠系膜淋巴结高内皮微静脉与淋巴迷路之间的网状纤维支架的研究

目的 研究大鼠肠系膜淋巴结内高内皮微静脉与淋巴迷路之间淋巴细胞归巢的通路.方法 用镀银染色光镜观察法和冻裂割断扫描电镜观察法观察健康、成熟Wistar大鼠肠系膜淋巴结的基质网状结构.结果 位于高内皮微静脉和淋巴迷路周围有网状纤维支架,在二者相临近部位有密集交织的网状纤维网.结论 淋巴结内高内皮微静脉和淋巴迷路之间密集交织的网状纤维网,为细胞的居留和迁移提供结构支持和适宜的微环境,可能是淋巴细胞归巢的重要通路.