Neuronal development of the chick cerebral cortex. A Golgi study

The neuronal morphological development of the avian telencephalic cortex (DMC) is studied in Golgi-stained brain sections. The neuronal types at embryonic days 10, 13, 16, as well as of newborn chick are identified. The immature neurons are characterized by the presence of hair-like processes, growth cones and dendritic varicosities. These characteristics are absent in neuronal types of newborn chick. There are five patterns of differentiation, which produce six neuronal types in the newborn chick: horizontal neurons, pyramidal neurons, bipyramidal neurons, short axon multipolar neurons, long axon multipolar neurons and periventricular neurons. The morphological features of migrating embryonic cells are described. The dendritic spines appear in 16-day embryos in the majority of neuronal types.     

Labially displaced ectopically erupting maxillary permanent canine: interceptive treatment and long-term results.

This case report demonstrates how extracting a maxillary deciduous canine affects the eruption path of a labially displaced ectopically erupting permanent canine. A long-term follow-up is presented, and the biologic mechanisms are discussed.     

Congestive gastropathy

15 patients with congestive gastropathy were reported including clinical and pathological characteristics of the disease. Every patient had alcoholic liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. 6 patient's stomach was resected while in 2 further cases the disease was found at autopsy. In additional 7 cases the characteristic microvascular changes were observed in endoscopic biopsy specimens from the gastric mucosa. The authors presume that this disease has an acute and a chronic stage. In the acute stage dilated capillaries are present under the surface, not related to the inflammation of gastric mucosa. This phenomenon was described in the literature. In the chronic stage there are dilated and tortuous vessels in the submucosal layer surrounded by collagenous connective tissue. The authors suppose that the thick and fibrotic submucosal layer causes microcirculatory disturbances in the gastric mucosa. The impaired microcirculation may cause extensive ulcers with profuse and sometimes lethal bleeding.     

A Paradigm for Design of Closed Loop Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulator Control Systems

Abstract: The use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for rehabilitation of gait in spinal patients is widely known. The best results can be obtained with the use of biomechanical sensors and a closed loop NMES system. One of the biggest problems faced in the design of control systems for closed-loop operation, in gait rehabilitation, is the variation of the mechanical conditions during the phases of gait. This work presents a new approach to ease the design of rule-based closed loop systems for operation in conditions such as gait rehabilitation.     

Changes in hepatic blood flow in jaundice due to hilar carcinomas, the so-called Klatskin tumours

The hepatic circulation of patients with hilar carcinoma and icterus was studied by isotope technique. A marked alternation in blood flow was observed, that is that the ratio of the circulation of the hepatic artery and the portal vein became balanced. By elimination of the icterus, the hepatic circulation normalized. This allowed the conclusion that the change in blood flow must have rather been due to the mechanical icterus and the increased pressure of the bile duct than to the tumorous infiltration and therefore the earliest possible elimination of the icterus is urgently indicated.     

Mumps and rubella morbidity

This paper studies all cases affected by 5 parotiditis from January to September 1986 (1767 cases) and 1987 (124 cases), as well as all patients with rubella reported in the same period in 1986 (584 cases) and 1987 (5 cases) in the province of Pinar del Río. The rise in the incidence of the two diseases with an annual basis per 100,000 population during 1986 in the different municipalities is emphasized. The overtly downward trend of these two diseases in 1987 after the administration of the triple viral vaccine--93% for mumps and 99.15% for rubella--is discussed. It was found that these two diseases affected more often school children (5-14 years). It was found that these two diseases are not frequent under the first year of life (76.4 and 120.1 cases per 100,000 population respectively). The percentage of vaccine effectiveness was documented--97.4% for parotiditis and 100% for rubella.     

Automation of pharmaceutical dissolution testing by flow injection analysis

The different types of instruments used for monitoring pharmaceutical dissolution testing are presented. Their features and the need for automation are critically discussed. The advantages of flow injection analysis in this respect are illustrated by a variety of examples clearly showing its adaptability to the different problems posed by other automatic and non-automatic alternatives.