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981.
982.
Viviane Barcellos Menon Alessandra Calábria Baxmann Leila Froeder Lígia Araújo Martini Ita Pfeferman Heilberg 《Urological research》2009,37(3):133-139
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in overweight calcium stone-forming (CSF) patients, to evaluate the effect
of calcium supplementation associated with a calorie-restricted diet on body weight (BW) and fat reduction and its potential
changes upon serum and urinary parameters. Fifteen patients were placed on a hypocaloric diet for 3 months, supplemented with
either calcium carbonate (CaCO3, n = 8) or placebo (n = 7), 500 mg bid. Blood and 24-h urine samples were collected and body composition was assessed at baseline and after the
intervention. At the end of the study, final BW was significantly lower vs baseline in both CaCO3 (74 ± 14 vs. 80 ± 14 kg, P = 0.01) and placebo groups (80 ± 10 vs. 87 ± 9 kg, P = 0.02) but the mean percentage of loss of body weight and body fat did not differ between CaCO3 and placebo (7.0 ± 2.0 vs. 8.0 ± 3.0%, P = 0.40 and 13.0 ± 7.0 vs. 13.0 ± 10.0%; P = 0.81, respectively). After CaCO3 or placebo, no significant differences versus baseline were observed for urinary parameters in both CaCO3 and placebo, except for a higher mean urinary citrate in placebo group. These data suggest that increasing calcium intake
by calcium carbonate supplementation did not contribute to a further reduction of BW and fat in overweight CSF patients submitted
to a hypocaloric diet nor altered urinary lithogenic parameters. 相似文献
983.
Endurance training damages small airway epithelium in mice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chimenti L Morici G Paternò A Bonanno A Siena L Licciardi A Veca M Guccione W Macaluso F Bonsignore G Bonsignore MR 《American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine》2007,175(5):442-449
RATIONALE: In athletes, airway inflammatory cells were found to be increased in induced sputum or bronchial biopsies. Most data were obtained after exposure to cold and dry air at rest or during exercise. Whether training affects epithelial and inflammatory cells in small airways is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To test whether endurance training under standard environmental conditions causes epithelial damage and inflammation in the small airways of mice. METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung sections were obtained in sedentary (n = 14) and endurance-trained (n = 16) Swiss mice at baseline and after 15, 30, and 45 days of training. The following variables were assessed (morphometry and immunohistochemistry) in small airways (basement membrane length < 1 mm): (1) integrity, proliferation, and apoptosis of bronchiolar epithelium; and (2) infiltration, activation, and apoptosis of inflammatory cells. MAIN RESULTS: Compared with sedentary mice, bronchiolar epithelium of trained mice showed progressive loss of ciliated cells, slightly increased thickness, unchanged goblet cell number and appearance, and increased apoptosis and proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) (p < 0.001 for all variables). Leukocytes (CD45(+) cells) infiltrated airway walls (p < 0.0001) and accumulated within the lumen (p < 0.001); however, apoptosis of CD45(+) cells did not differ between trained and sedentary mice. Nuclear factor-kappaB translocation and inhibitor-alpha of NF-kappaB (IkappaBalpha) phosphorylation were not increased in trained compared with sedentary mice. CONCLUSIONS: Bronchiolar epithelium showed damage and repair associated with endurance training. Training increased inflammatory cells in small airways, but inflammatory activation was not increased. These changes may represent an adaptive response to increased ventilation during exercise. 相似文献
984.
Mesenteric adipose tissue alterations resulting from experimental reactivated colitis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gambero A Maróstica M Abdalla Saad MJ Pedrazzoli J 《Inflammatory bowel diseases》2007,13(11):1357-1364
BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue secretes a large number of hormones that act either locally or at distant sites, modulating immune responses, inflammation, and many endocrine and metabolic functions. Abnormalities of fat in the mesentery have been long recognized in surgical specimens as characteristic features of Crohn's disease; however, the importance of this in chronic inflammatory disease is unknown. Additionally, adipocytes in depots that enclose lymph nodes or other dense masses of lymphoid tissue have many site-specific physiological properties. METHODS: In this study, the alterations of mesenteric and perinodal mesenteric adipose tissue during experimental colitis, induced by repeated intracolonic trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid instillations, were evaluated, focusing on morphological and activity alterations and the adipocytokine production profile. RESULTS: After a 35-day protocol, the colitis animals presented greater mesenteric fat masses despite their lower body weights. Another adipose tissue depot, epididymal adipose tissue, was also evaluated and no change in mass was observed. The mesenteric adipocyte from colitis animals had a reduced diameter, normal PPAR-gamma-2 expression, and higher basal lipolysis and TNF-alpha production when compared to normal rats. Perinodal mesenteric adipocytes present normal diameters, downregulated levels of PPAR-gamma-2, higher basal lipolysis and TNF-alpha, and leptin and adiponectin production. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that mesenteric adipose tissue has a site-specific response during experimental inflammation, where perinodal adipose tissue retains the ability to produce different adipocytokines. These substances may interfere in many lymph node aspects, while mesenteric adipose tissue produces substances that could contribute directly to aggravate the inflammatory process. 相似文献
985.
986.
987.
Everett DB Weiss HA Changalucha J Anemona A Chirwa T Ross DA Watson-Jones D Parry JV Hayes R Mabey DC 《Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH》2007,12(11):1323-1326
Objective To determine the specificity of the Abbott Murex HIV antigen/antibody combination enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the diagnosis of HIV infection in Tanzania. Methods A cross‐sectional survey of 7333 Tanzanian adolescents and young adults was carried out. Sera testing positive by the Murex assay were further evaluated using a battery of other EIA which detect either antibody to HIV‐1 or p24 antigen, and by PCR using pol primers. Results Of the 674 sera testing positive by the Murex assay, only 53 (7.9%) were confirmed. The specificity of the Murex assay was 91.5%. Conclusions Serological tests for HIV may perform differently in different populations. New diagnostic tests should not be introduced into populations in which they have not been evaluated. 相似文献
988.
García HH Cancrini G Bartalesi F Rodriguez S Jimenez JA Roldan W Mantella A Nicoletti A Bartoloni A 《Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH》2007,12(1):107-110
We assessed whether immunodiagnostic tests for cysticercosis can cross-react with the currently available immunodiagnostic tests for Toxocara canis in an established animal model for cysticercosis infection in pigs, known host for Toxocara. We examined by TES-enzyme-linked immunosorbent test and immunoblot assay for toxocarosis and cysticercosis the baseline and final follow-up sera of 10 pigs, before and after (3 months) infection with Taenia solium. After successful cysticercosis infection, the nine evaluable pigs became seropositive to T. solium (enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay), but did remain seronegative for Toxocara in both assays, documenting the lack of cross-reactivity with anti-T. solium antibodies in both T. canis assays. These findings should help clinicians better interpret serology for toxocariosis and cysticercosis in endemic areas for both helminth infections. 相似文献
989.
Piccinni A Catena M Del Debbio A Marazziti D Monje C Schiavi E Mariotti A Bianchi C Palla A Roncaglia I Carlini M Pini S Dell'Osso L 《Comprehensive psychiatry》2007,48(4):323-328
The aim of this study was to characterize the health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) and functioning in 90 bipolar I remitted outpatients. According to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV remission specifiers, patients were categorized into 4 groups: group 1, fully remitted; group 2, less than 2 months remitted; group 3, with persisting manic symptoms; group 4, with persisting depressive symptoms. The severity of psychopathology was evaluated by using the Bech-Rafaelsen Mania-Melancholia Scale. The HR-QOL, functioning, and insight were assessed via the medical outcomes study 36-item short form, the global assessment of functioning scale, and the scale to assess unawareness of mental disorder, respectively. Fully remitted patients reported the highest scores in almost all domains of medical outcomes study 36-item short form, and had significantly higher scores on physical functioning, general health, social functioning, and mental health compared to patients with persisting depressive symptoms. Furthermore, patients with persisting manic symptoms reported significantly higher scores on general health, vitality and mental health than the group with persisting depressive symptoms. In contrast, the global assessment of functioning scale score differed among the 4 groups, with fully remitted patients reporting higher, although not statistically significant, scores than the other groups. Our data suggest that the persistence of depressive or manic symptoms seem to affect self-report measures of HR-QOL. An affectively biased cognition may explain the gap between patient's perception of functioning and estimated functional adjustment, as assessed by clinicians. 相似文献
990.
Cavaletti G Gilardini A Canta A Rigamonti L Rodriguez-Menendez V Ceresa C Marmiroli P Bossi M Oggioni N D'Incalci M De Coster R 《Experimental neurology》2007,204(1):317-325
Bortezomib is a new proteasome inhibitor with a high antitumor activity, but also with a potentially severe peripheral neurotoxicity. To establish a preclinical model and to characterize the changes induced on the peripheral nerves, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord, bortezomib was administered to Wistar rats (0.08, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30 mg/kg/day twice [2q7d] or three times [3q7d] weekly for a total of 4 weeks). At baseline, on days 14, 21 and 28 after the beginning the treatment period and during a 4-week follow-up period sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) was determined in the tail of each animal. Sciatic nerve, DRG and spinal cord specimens were processed for light and electron microscope observations and morphometry. At the maximum tolerated dose bortezomib induced a significant reduction in SNCV, with a complete recovery at the end of the follow-up period. Sciatic nerve examination and morphometric determinations demonstrated mild to moderate pathological changes, involving predominantly the Schwann cells and myelin, although axonal degeneration was also observed. Bortezomib-induced changes were also observed in DRG and they were represented by satellite cell intracytoplasmatic vacuolization due to mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum damage, closely resembling the changes observed in sciatic nerve Schwann cells. Only rarely did the cytoplasm of DRG neurons has a dark appearance and clear vacuoles occurring in the cytoplasm. Spinal cord was morphologically normal. This model is relevant to the neuropathy induced by bortezomib in the treatment of human malignancies and it could be useful in increasing our knowledge regarding the mechanisms underlying bortezomib neurotoxicity. 相似文献