Stabilization of anterior mandibular fracture using different osteosynthesis devices: perioperative clinical notes

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - There is still no definitive consensus about the ideal technique in the treatment of anterior mandibular fractures. Therefore, this study aimed to determine...     

Influence of high expansion dental stone used as investing medium on the changes in occlusal vertical dimension of complete dentures

Problem statementDespite advances in materials and techniques, complete dentures made of acrylic resin experience an increase in the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) during processing. Many factors that affect the OVD of complete dentures are known. However, no study has examined the effect of using high-expansion dental stone (type V) as an investing material on the OVD.PurposeThis study investigated the effects of using a high-expansion dental stone as an investing material on changes in the OVD of complete dentures.Material and methodsTwenty sets of simulated upper and lower dentures were processed by the compression molding technique. Specimens were equally divided into 2 groups. In the dental stone type III (DST III) group, the lower, middle, and upper parts of a flask were filled with DST III. In the dental stone type V (DST V) group, the procedure was the same as in the DST III group, except that the middle layer was made of high-expansion DST V. Changes in the OVD were measured before and after denture processing. Collected data were analyzed with t-test statistics. Differences were considered statistically significant at the 95% confidence level.ResultsBoth groups showed a small increase in the OVD as a result of processing, but the OVD increase was significantly less in the DST V group compared to the DST III group.ConclusionHigh-expansion DST V can be recommended as an investing material to reduce the increase in the OVD that may occur while processing complete dentures.     

Effects of Anger Awareness and Expression Training versus Relaxation Training on Headaches: A Randomized Trial

Background and Purpose

Stress contributes to headaches, and effective interventions for headaches routinely include relaxation training (RT) to directly reduce negative emotions and arousal. Yet, suppressing negative emotions, particularly anger, appears to augment pain, and experimental studies suggest that expressing anger may reduce pain. Therefore, we developed and tested anger awareness and expression training (AAET) on people with headaches.

Methods

Young adults with headaches (N?=?147) were randomized to AAET, RT, or a wait-list control. We assessed affect during sessions, and process and outcome variables at baseline and 4 weeks after treatment.

Results

On process measures, both interventions increased self-efficacy to manage headaches, but only AAET reduced alexithymia and increased emotional processing and assertiveness. Yet, both interventions were equally effective at improving headache outcomes relative to controls.

Conclusions

Enhancing anger awareness and expression may improve chronic headaches, although not more than RT. Researchers should study which patients are most likely to benefit from an emotional expression or emotional reduction approach to chronic pain.     

CYP2C19*17 increases clopidogrel‐mediated platelet inhibition but does not alter the pharmacokinetics of the active metabolite of clopidogrel

The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of CYP2C19*17 on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the active metabolite of clopidogrel and the pharmacokinetics of proguanil. Thus, we conducted an open‐label two‐phase cross‐over study in 31 healthy male volunteers (11 CYP2C19*1/*1, 11 CYP2C19*1/*17 and nine CYP2C19*17/*17). In Phase A, the pharmacokinetics of the derivatized active metabolite of clopidogrel (CAMD) and platelet function were determined after administration of a single oral dose of 600 mg clopidogrel (Plavix; Sanofi‐Avensis, Horsholm, Denmark). In Phase B, the pharmacokinetics of proguanil and its metabolites cycloguanil and 4‐chlorphenylbiguanide (4‐CPB) were determined in 29 of 31 subjects after a single oral dose of 200 mg proguanil given as the combination drug Malarone (GlaxoSmithKline Pharma, Brondby, Denmark). Significant correlations were found between the area under the time–concentration curve (AUC_0–∞) of CAMD and both the absolute ADP‐induced P2Y₁₂ receptor‐activated platelet aggregation (r = ?0.60, P = 0.0007) and the percentage inhibition of aggregation (r = 0.59, P = 0.0009). In addition, the CYP2C19*17/*17 and CYP2C19*1/*17 genotype groups had significantly higher percentage inhibition of platelet aggregation compared with the CYP2C19*1/*1 subjects (geometric mean percentage inhibition of 84%, 73% and 63%, respectively; P = 0.014). Neither the absolute ADP‐induced P2Y₁₂ receptor‐activated platelet aggregation, exposure to CAMD nor the pharmacokinetic parameters of proguanil, cycloguanil and 4‐CPB exhibited any significant differences among the genotype groups. In conclusion, carriers of CYP2C19*17 exhibit higher percentage inhibition of platelet aggregation, but do not have significantly lower absolute P2Y₁₂ receptor‐activated platelet aggregation or higher exposure to the active metabolite after a single oral administration of 600 mg clopidogrel.     

Neuromodulatory effects of green coffee bean extract against brain damage in male albino rats with experimentally induced diabetes

Metabolic Brain Disease - Diabetes mellitus is an increasing metabolic disease worldwide associated with central nervous system disorders. Coffee is a widely consumed beverage that enriched with...