Assessment of knowledge and attitude about basic life support among dental interns and postgraduate students in Bangalore city,India

BACKGROUND: Life-threatening emergencies can occur at anytime, at anywhere and in anyone. Effective management of an emergency situation in the dental office is ultimately the dentist's responsibility. The lack of training and inability to cope with medical emergencies can lead to tragic consequences and sometimes legal complications. Therefore, health professionals including dentists must be well prepared to deal with medical emergencies. This study was undertaken to assess the knowledge about and attitude towards basic life support(BLS) among dental interns and postgraduate students in Bangalore city, India.METHODS: A cross sectional survey was conducted among dental interns and postgraduate students from May 2014 to June 2014 since few studies have been conducted in Bangalore city. A questionnaire with 17 questions regarding the knowledge about and attitude towards BLS was distributed to 202 study participants.RESULTS: The data analyzed using the Chi-square test showed that dental interns and postgraduate students had average knowledge about BLS. In the 201 participants, 121(59.9%) had a positive attitude and 81(40.1%) had a negative attitude towards BLS.CONCLUSIONS: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be considered as part of the dental curriculum. Workshops on a regular basis should be focused on skills of cardiopulmonary resuscitation for dental students.     

Speech-induced primary lingual dystonia: a rare focal dystonia

Lingual dystonia, a type of focal dystonia that may be primary or secondary, is related to brain damage, neuroleptic use, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and neurodevelopmental disorders, varicella infection, and so on. However, primary lingual dystonia induced by speaking is a rare type of focal dystonia that is usually idiopathic in origin and is characterized by increased tonus of the tongue, which causes protrusion only during speaking. This report describes a 55-year-old male patient with lingual dystonia during speech. One interesting clinical feature of this case was that the speech disturbance improved while the patient vocalized a praise-like hymn in a manner that resembled singing.     

Mixed micropapillary–ductal carcinomas of the breast: a genomic and immunohistochemical analysis of morphologically distinct components

Micropapillary carcinomas (MPCs) can present as a rare histological special type of breast cancer; however, this histological type is more frequently found admixed with invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type (IDC‐NSTs). We have previously demonstrated that pure MPCs constitute a distinct entity at the morphological and genetic levels. Here, we sought to determine whether mixed MPCs have genomic aberrations similar to those found in pure MPCs, and to investigate whether the distinct morphological components of MPCs harbour different genetic aberrations. Using high‐resolution microarray comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), we profiled a series of 10 MPCs of mixed histology and 20 IDC‐NSTs matched for grade and oestrogen receptor (ER) status. In addition, we generated tissue microarrays containing a series of 24 pure and 40 mixed MPCs and performed immunohistochemical analysis with ER, progesterone receptor (PR), Ki‐67, HER2, cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, CK14, CK17, EGFR, topoisomerase‐IIα, cyclin D1, caveolin‐1 and E‐cadherin antibodies. In situ hybridization was employed to evaluate the prevalence of HER2, TOP2A, EGFR, CCND1, MYC and FGFR1 gene amplification. Our results demonstrate that mixed MPCs harbour similar patterns of genomic aberrations and phenotype (82.5% luminal and 17.5% HER2) compared to pure MPCs. A comparison between the distinct morphological components of mixed MPCs in a pairwise fashion revealed that both components harbour strikingly similar genomic profiles. When compared to grade‐ and ER‐matched IDC‐NSTs, mixed MPCs significantly more frequently harboured amplification of multiple regions on 8q (adjusted Fisher's p value < 0.05). Furthermore, mixed MPCs displayed higher proliferative rates than grade‐ and ER‐matched IDC‐NSTs. Our results suggest that micropapillary differentiation in breast cancer may identify a subgroup of more aggressive ER‐positive breast carcinomas, even in those featuring a mixed histology, and that mixed MPCs are more closely related to pure MPCs than to IDC‐NSTs. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Association analysis of ADPRT1, AKR1B1, RAGE,GFPT2 and PAI-1 gene polymorphisms with chronic renal insufficiency among Asian Indians with type-2 diabetes

Background  

To determine association of nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ADP ribosyltransferase-1 (ADPRT1), aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 (AKR1B1), receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase-2 (GFPT2), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) genes with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) among Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes; and to identify epistatic interactionss between genes from the present study and those from renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and chemokine-cytokine, dopaminergic and oxidative stress pathways (previously investigated using the same sample set).     

Cholera in India: an analysis of reports, 1997�C2006

Objective

To more accurately define the annual incidence of cholera in India, believed to be higher than reported to the World Health Organization (WHO).

Methods

We searched the biomedical literature to extract data on the cases of cholera reported in India from 1997 to 2006 and compared the numbers found to those reported annually to WHO over the same period. The latter were obtained from WHO’s annual summaries of reported cholera cases and National health profile 2006, published by India’s Central Bureau of Health Intelligence.

Findings

Of India’s 35 states or union territories, 21 reported cholera cases during at least one year between 1997 and 2006. The state of West Bengal reported cases during all 10 years, while the state of Maharashtra and the union territory of Delhi reported cases during nine, and Orissa during seven. There were 68 outbreaks in 18 states, and 222 038 cases were detected overall. This figure is about six times higher than the number reported to WHO (37 783) over the same period. The states of Orissa, West Bengal, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Assam and Chhattisgarh accounted for 91% of all outbreak-related cases.

Conclusion

The reporting of cholera cases in India is incomplete and the methods used to keep statistics on cholera incidence are inadequate. Although the data are sparse and heterogeneous, cholera notification in India is highly deficient.     

The association of ethnicity with antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccination among adults with HIV infection

Ethnicity may be associated with the incidence of pneumococcal infections and the frequency of protective vaccine responses. Earlier studies have suggested that HIV-infected persons of black ethnicity develop less robust immune responses to pneumococcal vaccination that may relate to their higher incidence of invasive disease. We evaluated the association of ethnicity with capsule-specific antibody responses to pneumococcal revaccination, with either the pneumococcal conjugate (PCV) or polysaccharide (PPV) vaccines among 188 HIV-infected adults. The proportion of the 77 African Americans (AA) and 111 Caucasians with comparable virologic and immunologic parameters who achieved a positive immune response (≥2-fold rise in capsule-specific IgG from baseline with post-vaccination value ≥1 μg/mL for ≥2 of 4 serotypes) at day 60 after revaccination was similar (43% vs. 49%, respectively, p=0.65). Results were also similar when vaccine types (PPV and PCV) were examined separately. Mean changes in log(10) transformed IgG levels from baseline to days 60 and 180 post-vaccination were also not significantly different between AA and Caucasians. In summary, in this ethnically diverse cohort with equal access to care, we did not observe differential antibody responses between AA and Caucasian HIV-infected adults after pneumococcal revaccination.     

肾移植后多瘤病毒相关性肾病

背景：多瘤病毒感染是导致多瘤病毒相关性肾病和移植肾失功的重要原因之一。 目的：观察分析多瘤病毒相关性肾病的临床特征及其病理学特点。 方法：121例患者移植肾活检行多瘤病毒大T抗原染色,发现9例阳性诊断为多瘤病毒相关性肾病,利用SV-40 大 T 抗原免疫组织化学染色,对确认为多瘤病毒相关性肾病患者进行临床、病理、免疫荧光、免疫组织化学观察。 结果与结论：多瘤病毒相关性肾病组肾活检时检测霉酚酸-AUC 0-12和他克莫司血药浓度均明显高于同期非多瘤病毒相关性肾病组(P < 0.05)。9例活检组织经SV-40 大T抗原染色,肾皮质和髓质均可见散在的肾小管多瘤病毒阳性。免疫荧光IgG,IgM,IgA,C3,C4,C1q和C4d全阴性,所有肾组织病理均可见肾间质大量聚集的CD3,CD4,CD8,CD68阳性细胞,1例合并排斥反应者,人白细胞DR抗原和白细胞介素2受体高表达;不合并排斥者人白细胞DR抗原和白细胞介素2受体表达多小于5%。9例多瘤病毒相关性肾病患者随访均超过半年,移植肾失功1例,3例好转,2例稳定,3例恶化。结果表明,多瘤病毒相关性肾病的诊断主要依赖于移植肾活检组织病理;利用SV-40 大T 抗原免疫组织化学染色可提高多瘤病毒相关性肾病的诊断率;移植肾组织C4d、白细胞介素2受体和人白细胞DR抗原检测对多瘤病毒感染相关性肾病的鉴别诊断具有极其重要的临床价值。     

Psychological Correlates of Outcome after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Background

Psychological effects of Coronary Artery Bypass graft (CABG) have been of interest all over the world but there is a paucity of Indian work.

Methods

30 patients undergoing CABG at a service hospital were included. All patients filled a specially designed proforma. Mini Mental Status Examination, Hospital anxiety and depression scale, Coronary scale, Seattle angina questionnaire and Euro-QOL 5D were performed before and seven days after CABG.

Results

43.3% had significant anxiety and 30% had significant depression before CABG. Following CABG, 36.67% of the patients had significant anxiety while 40% had significant depression. On the Seattle angina questionnaire, physical limitation reduced from 71.6 ± 7.9 to 53.1 ± 14.6. There was significant improvement in treatment satisfaction from 37.8 ± 6.1 to 59.4 ± 4.2 following CABG. On th euro quality of life scale (EQ5D) health status improved from 38.17 ± 9.51 before CABG to 68.5 ± 5.28 after CABG.

Conclusion

There is a significant incidence of anxiety and depression in patients undergoing CABG, both before and after surgery.Key Words: CABG, anxiety, depression     

单克隆抗体BDI－I导向的阿霉素白蛋白毫微球对人膀胱癌细胞的特异杀伤活性

用化学偶联法将抗人膀胱癌单克隆抗体分子偶联到阿霉素白蛋白毫微球上，构建了一个有靶向杀伤性的免疫毫微球，即：阿霉素白蛋白载单克隆抗体毫微球（ＡＤＲ－ＮＰ－Ａｂ）。改变阿霉素毫微球和单克隆抗体的反应分子比，确定了制备该免疫毫微球的最佳条件。经免疫荧光检测及显微照像分析证明，免疫毫微球可有效地和人膀胱癌细胞结合。体外杀伤试验表明，此免疫毫微球对靶细胞ＥＪ有高度特异杀伤活性，而对无关的人直肠癌Ｌｏｖｏ细胞则无明显作用。