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31.
Receptor-mediated lipoprotein transport in laying hens 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
In laying hens, VLDL and vitellogenin (VTG) are secreted by the liver and eventually taken up by the growing oocyte via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Both macromolecules bind to the same receptor, termed the VLDL/VTG receptor, localized on the oocyte plasma membrane. Once taken up by the growing zygote, apolipoprotein B, the major protein constituent of VLDL, is proteolytically cleaved by a chicken-specific cathepsin-D. Systemic cholesterol homeostasis in the chicken is maintained by expressing a different apoprotein B-specific receptor in somatic cells, which in terms of its function is very similar to the mammalian LDL receptor. The phenotype of the Restricted Ovulator hen, characterized by hereditary hyperlipidemia and the absence of egg laying, was identified as a lack of expression of functional VLDL/VTG receptors in the oocytes without affecting somatic apoprotein B receptors. 相似文献
32.
This study investigates whether tissue recoil or patient intrinsic factors influence the final position of the nipple areola
complex (NAC) after reduction mammoplasty.
The age, pre-operative ptosis, BMI and weight of the tissue resected were recorded as patient intrinsic factors in 37 patients
undergoing reduction mammoplasty. The “spring-back” value was defined as the distance from the sternal notch to a nipple landmark
on the breast meridian with the patient sitting up, minus the same measurement repeated with the patient recumbent to eliminate
the pull of gravity on the breast. Spring back was measured pre-operatively for the nipple and nipple mark then post-operative
for the nipple. The difference in centimeters between the final post-operative distance from the sternal notch to the nipple
and the level intended by the pre-operative nipple mark was termed the “judgment error.” The final position of the post-operative
nipple and the judgment error was compared to the spring-back values and patient intrinsic factors.
Pre-operative ptosis was statistically related to increasing patient BMI and mass of tissue resected per breast. Pre-operative
spring-back values for the nipple increased with increasing ptosis, BMI and decreasing age. Spring-back values were greater
in the lower pole of the breast than in the upper pole. The final position of the nipple was higher than the pre-operative
mark in 65% of cases, lower in 8% and as marked in 27% of cases. The post-operative NAC was, on average, 0.6 cm higher than
planned pre-operatively. The post-operative distance from the sternal notch to the nipple increased with increasing pre-operative
ptosis, mass of breast tissue resected per breast and all three spring-back values. The difference between the level of the
pre-operative mark and the final nipple position showed a weak correlation with post-operative spring-back values.
The parameters of ptosis, BMI, weight of tissue resected per breast and pre-operative nipple spring back reflect body habitus
and breast size. Spring-back values vary between the upper and lower pole of the breast. The final NAC position was higher
than that intended at pre-operative marking in the majority of cases. The surgeon instinctively marks the nipple lower in
patients with greater pre-operative ptosis and in whom a larger resection is anticipated. Judgment error did not relate to
intrinsic factors nor to pre-operative spring-back values; hence, these parameters cannot be applied as predictive tools for
more accurate pre-operative marking of the nipple position. This study suggests that the pre-operative nipple mark should
be placed, with the patient sitting up, at least 23 cm from the sternal notch and 0.6 cm lower than the final position estimated
using the inframammary crease as a landmark.
An invited commentary on this paper is available at . 相似文献
33.
Sibylle von Vietinghoff Wolfgang Schneider Friedrich C Luft Ralph Kettritz 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2006,21(11):3324-3326
34.
35.
Voltage dependence of the pattern and frequency of discrete Ca2+ release events after brief repriming in frog skeletal muscle 下载免费PDF全文
Michael G. Klein Alain Lacampagne Martin F. Schneider 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1997,94(20):11061-11066
Applying a brief repolarizing pre-pulse to a depolarized frog skeletal muscle fiber restores a small fraction of the transverse tubule membrane voltage sensors from the inactivated state. During a subsequent depolarizing test pulse we detected brief, highly localized elevations of myoplasmic Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+ “sparks”) initiated by restored voltage sensors in individual triads at all test pulse voltages. The latency histogram of these events gives the gating pattern of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium release channels controlled by the restored voltage sensors. Both event frequency and clustering of events near the start of the test pulse increase with test pulse depolarization. The macroscopic SR calcium release waveform, obtained from the spark latency histogram and the estimated open time of the channel or channels underlying a spark, exhibits an early peak and rapid marked decline during large depolarizations. For smaller depolarizations, the release waveform exhibits a smaller peak and a slower decline. However, the mean use time and mean amplitude of the individual sparks are quite similar at all test depolarizations and at all times during a given depolarization, indicating that the channel open times and conductances underlying sparks are essentially independent of voltage. Thus, the voltage dependence of SR Ca2+ release is due to changes in the frequency and pattern of occurrence of individual, voltage-independent, discrete release events. 相似文献
36.
Five ileal conduit biopsies, taken after 1-7 years, were examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The total height of the lamina mucosa decreased from 700 to 275 microns. The height of the villi diminished from 550 to 50 microns; the depth of the crypts increased from 130 to 244 microns and the villus-crypt index changed from 4.2 to 0.2. Signs of chronic inflammation could be observed. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the number of microvilli per cell was markedly reduced. There was a varied picture of different stages of atrophy. After 3 years microvilli could no longer be observed. In view of the prolonged urinary contamination time, it appears to be imperative to check neobladders with regard to possible carcinoma induction. 相似文献
37.
J Morris D Schneider M R Greenberg 《Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)》1994,109(6):761-766
In a survey of the 50 State health agencies in the spring of 1992, officials were asked about their manpower and research needs in the specific areas of administration, behavioral and social science, education and information, environmental health, environmental protection, epidemiology, laboratory, law, occupational health, policy and planning, and statistics. In all, 40 agencies (80 percent) responded. Indepth telephone interviews to determine whether universities and schools and graduate programs in public health filled these needs completed the data collection process. Agency officials indicated that their resources were least adequate in environmental protection, behavioral and social science, and occupational health. They did not feel their research needs were being met. There was a general feeling that universities and schools and programs in public health have different agendas than State agencies and that practical solutions to the shortage of research resources are not forthcoming from these sources. Suggestions are made as to what can be done to improve relationships between those who train public health personnel and those who employ them. 相似文献
38.
Between 1979 and 1988 43 percutaneous transluminal angioplasties (PTA) of the deep femoral artery were performed for treatment of severe claudication (n = 15) or for limb salvage (n = 28). Ateriographically, all patients had a long occlusion of the superficial femoral artery. Additional PTA of significant obstructions in the iliac and common femoral artery were performed in 6 patients of each group. Technical success was achieved in 41 of the 43 procedures (95%). Early clinical success was 60% for claudicants and 68% for patients with limb threatening ischemia. Success rates tended to be higher if additional PTA of the inflow tract was performed (75% versus 61%, n.s.). Patient with a good distal outflow benefited more frequently from PTA if they were treated for limb salvage (p less than 0.05). Within a follow-up period up to 24 months (mean 18.0 months) 5 patients died and one late failure occurred. Life table analysis lasting success in patients dilated for limb salvage, whereas success rate decreased to 48% in claudicants. PTA of the deep femoral artery is a less invasive and efficient treatment particularly for patients with limb threatening ischemia, an appropriate obstruction morphology provided. 相似文献
39.
C. Specker S. Bläß C. Meier H.-J. Lakomek M. Schwochau M. Schneider 《Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie》1997,56(2):63-70
Zusammenfassung Die Diagnostik vieler rheumatischer Systemerkrankungen wird heute durch den Nachweis von Autoantik?rpern unterstützt und
erleichtert. Für die Serodiagnostik der Rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) stehen nur die doch wenig spezifischen Rheumafaktoren
zur Verfügung. Mit dem Ziel, neue krankheitsspezifische Autoantik?rper nachzuweisen, erfolgte eine besondere Proteinaufarbeitung
aus Synovialisbiopsien und anderen Geweben. Western Blots der gewonnenen Proteine wurden eingesetzt, um Seren von RA-Patienten
und solchen mit anderen rheumatischen Erkrankungen zu untersuchen. Die signifikanteste Immunreaktion von RA-Patienten richtete
sich gegen ein 68k-Antigen, welches vermutlich ubiquit?r exprimiert wird, da es nicht nur in Synovialis, sondern in allen
weiteren untersuchten Humangeweben und HeLa-Zellen nachgewiesen werden konnte. Der isoelektrische Punkt liegt bei 5,1, das
Protein ist O-glykosyliert und im endoplasmatischen Retikulum und/oder Cytoplasma lokalisiert. Antik?rper gegen dieses 68k-Antigen
waren bei 110 von 167 RA-Patienten nachzuweisen, was einer Sensitivit?t von 66% entspricht. Ihr Vorkommen war unabh?ngig vom
Rheumafaktornachweis, da sie auch bei 7 von 12 seronegativen RA-Patienten zu finden waren, dagegen nur bei einem Patienten
aus einer Kontrollgruppe von 98 Patienten mit anderen rheumatologischen Krankheitsbildern, bei einem von 22 HIV-Patienten
und überhaupt nicht bei 55 Gesunden. Daraus resultiert eine RA-Spezifit?t für diesen Antik?rper von 99%. Wegen der auff?lligen
Krankheitsspezifit?t der anti-68k-Antik?rper liegt es nahe, nach korrespondierenden autoreaktiven T-Zellen zu suchen, um
die Rolle dieser neuen Autoreaktivit?t in dem Pathomechanismus der RA zu analysieren.
Eingegangen: 20. Mai 1996 Akzeptiert: 13. Februar 1997 相似文献
40.
Treatment of rat heart grafts with PUVA, the combination of the photosensitizer 8-methoxypsoralen and longwave ultraviolet light, leads to a prolonged transplant survival in allogeneic recipients. A PUVA treatment of the recipient rats, performed for 7 consecutive days after transplantation, prolonged graft survival even more effectively. This may be due to the systemic immunomodulatory effects of PUVA in the recipient. One of the mediators is urocanic acid, which is transformed by ultraviolet light in the skin from its trans- to the cis-isomer, which, in turn, acts as a mediator on the immune system. An injection of cisurocanic acid into graft recipients for 7 consecutive days after transplantation resulted in prolonged graft survival; in 40% of the rats, permanent graft acceptance was observed. The significance of these results for clinical organ transplantation is discussed. 相似文献