临河地区乡村医生结核感染调查分析

目的为了了解乡村医生的结核菌感染及结核病患病率情况,为我国结核防控政策提供科学的依据,对临河地区乡村医生中实施结核感染检测。方法美国CDC工作人员自行设计调查表,对我们临河区的卫生行政部门注册的乡村医生进行了调查。结果通过本次调查的229名乡医中,9例X光异常,其中有2例确诊为结核,其余为气管炎或肺感染,PPD测试共226人,横径≥15mm的有42人,痰检15人,阳性2例。血相测试226人,其中阳性92人,阴性132人,不确定2人。结论本次调查不仅通过调查,基本掌握了临河地区乡村医生结核菌的感染率、结核病患病率;了解乡村医生的结核病对于呼吸感染控制的知晓情况,调查结果将为国家级结核防控政策提供科学的依据。     

“军卫一号”医嘱摆药子系统应用中的问题及改进建议

目的:探讨住院药房在药品调配中应用"军卫一号"医嘱摆药新、旧2套子系统时遇到的问题,提出了改进建议,以期引起开发人员的重视。方法:将应用中遇到的问题及解决思路加以总结,提出具体的解决方案,如增加医嘱摆药通知功能,整盒数量计数功能和麻精类药品专项提取操作功能等。结果:根据专业开发人员对医务人员应用中提出的问题和实际工作需求的调查反馈,不断研究和探索,对系统程序进行完善和升级。结论:"军卫一号"医嘱摆药新、旧子系统是2套较完善的药品调配系统,系统升级后应合并成一套功能更强,使用更方便,效率更高的医嘱摆药软件及应用系统,造福于广大患者及医务工作者。     

1株携带qnrB4及aac(6′)-Ⅰb-suzhou型基因同时产ESBLs、AmpC酶多药耐药大肠埃希菌的调查

目的了解1株产ESBLs、AmpC酶大肠埃希菌的耐药机制。方法采用纸片扩散法检测1株大肠埃希菌对19种抗菌药物的敏感性,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测6种耐药基因:qnrA、qnrB、qnrC、qnrS、qepA、aac(6′)-Ⅰb,并对qnrB、aac(6′)-Ⅰb基因测序后进行BLAST比对分析。结果该菌株除对碳青霉烯类、酶抑制剂复合抗菌药物类敏感外,对其余药物均耐药;PCR发现该菌株同时携带qnrB和aac(6′)-Ⅰb,经测序并分别与已在美国国立信息中心登录的DQ303921(qnrB4)和EF375621[aac(6′)-Ⅰb-suzhou]型比对,同源性均>99.0%。结论该菌株多药耐药的机制与产ESBLs、AmpC酶及携带qnrB4和aac(6′)-Ⅰb基因有关;该研究是第一篇从1株产ESBLs、AmpC酶大肠埃希菌中检出同时携带qnrB4和aac(6′)-Ⅰb-suzhou型基因的报道。     

2005—2010年延吉市高考生健康检查结果

<正>高考生健康检查是反映高中生健康状况与高等院校生源综合素质的的主要依据之一。为了解影响高中学生健康的主要疾病,笔者对延吉市2005—2010年普通高等院校招生健康检查资料进行了统计分析,为指导我市学校卫生工作提供依据。1对象与方法1.1对象选取2005—2010年延吉市参加普通高等学校招生的所有考生。1.2方法考生健康检查均按《普通高等学校招生体检标准     

顶空气相色谱法测定水中10种卤代烃

目的:建立水中10种卤代烃的顶空气相色谱(HS-GC)测定方法。方法:水中的微量卤代烃经顶空提取后,应用Rtx-1701毛细管色谱柱,采用程序升温方式进行GC分析,以保留时间定性,外标法定量。结果:三氯甲烷1、1,1,三氯乙烷、四氯化碳1、,2二氯乙烷、三氯乙烯、二氯一溴甲烷1、,2-二溴乙烯、四氯乙烯、11,2,三氯乙烷、一氯二溴甲烷的线性范围为0.0020μg/L～686μg/L,检出限为0.00062μg/L～0.65μg/L。该方法的平均回收率为84%～108%,RSD为1.8%～7.4%。结论:该方法操作简便、快速、灵敏,适用于水中11种卤代烃的同时测定。     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术患者视网膜微循环血流的研究

目的 本研究主要观察LASIK中负压吸引对视网膜微循环血流的影响。方法 采用海德堡视网膜血流仪分别对实施LASIK手术的低度，中度和高度的近视患者共38例62眼进行检测，测量视盘大血管，视盘颞侧盘沿，视盘鼻侧盘沿，颞侧视盘旁视网膜，鼻侧视盘旁视网膜和巩膜筛板的血流，并对其手术前后的血流量，血流速和红细胞移植速率进行统计分析。结果 LASIK手术前后，视盘大血管，视盘颞侧盘沿，视盘鼻侧盘沿，颞侧视盘旁视网膜，鼻侧视盘旁视网膜和筛板的血流量，血流速和红细胞移动速率均无显著性差异。结论 LASIK中负压吸引对视网膜微循环血流无临床病理性影响。     

Immediate transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy for treatment of laser in situ keratomileusis flap complications

PURPOSE: To study the role of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in the management of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap complications. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of seven patients (14 eyes) who had bilateral, simultaneous LASIK (single surgeon [TGA], Summit Apex Plus laser, Hansatome microkeratome in six patients [12 eyes], Automated Corneal Shaper keratome in one patient [two eyes]). One eye of each patient received PRK for a flap complication. The seven patients (four women, three men) had a mean age of 39.2 years (range, 22 to 64 yr). The uncomplicated LASIK eyes had moderate to high myopia (-2.25 to -8.75 D) and the eyes with LASIK flap complications had mild to moderate myopia (-1.50 to -5.75 D). Immediate transepithelial PRK was performed in all eyes after repositioning the defective flap. RESULTS: All seven patients had excellent visual outcome at 6 months follow-up; one patient required an enhancement (astigmatic keratotomy). Six of the seven LASIK eyes had best spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better and one LASIK eye had 20/25. In the transepithelial PRK eyes, six of the seven eyes had best spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better and one eye had 20/30. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate transepithelial PRK treatment of irregular and incomplete LASIK flaps at the time of surgery is an excellent therapeutic option to delayed surgical treatment.     

玻璃体内注射辅酶Q10对NaIO3诱导的AMD模型小鼠的保护作用

目的　探讨玻璃体内注射水溶性CoQ10对NaIO₃诱导的年龄相关性黄斑变性（age-related macular degeneration,AMD）的保护作用。方法　66只昆明小鼠分为3组:对照组、NaIO₃诱导组（小鼠尾静脉注射NaIO₃）和CoQ10修复组,小鼠尾静脉注射NaIO₃后玻璃体内分别注射高浓度（2.0 g·L^-1）和低浓度（0.1 g·L^-1）的CoQ10,注射平衡液做假处理组。在建模后第7天取材,行常规组织切片、HE染色、GFAP染色、Iba1染色,检测NaIO₃诱导的视网膜病变和CoQ10对该种病变的修复效果。结果　注射NaIO₃ 7 d后,HE染色结果显示,NaIO₃诱导组小鼠视网膜外核层每10 μm 长度的细胞数由正常水平（29.13±3.97）个减少至（17.50±4.03）个,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;GFAP染色结果显示,Müller细胞发生反应性胶质化,与对照组相比每250 μm×250 μm面积的细胞数由（21.17±4.26）个增加至（28.67±2.80）个,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;Iba1染色结果显示,小胶质细胞呈现出“阿米巴状”的激活形态,每250 μm×250 μm面积的细胞数由（6.71±2.29）个增加至（22.14±3.76）个,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。分别对NaIO₃诱导组小鼠玻璃体内注射高、低浓度的CoQ10（2.0 g·L^-1和0.1 g·L^-1）后,与假处理组相比,其中注射高浓度CoQ10（2.0 g·L^-1）组外核层细胞数目显著增加（P<0.05）,而低浓度CoQ10（0.1 g·L^-1）组没有显著差异（P>0.05）。并且,Müller细胞反应性胶质化程度减弱,GFAP阳性细胞数恢复至（23.83±3.87）个;小胶质细胞分枝增多,Iba1阳性细胞数恢复至（16.86±3.29）个,与NaIO₃诱导组相比,差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）。结论　玻璃体内注射CoQ10可通过减轻Müller细胞的反应性胶质化和抑制小胶质细胞的激活而减缓视网膜感光细胞退化,对AMD起到保护作用。     

神经生长因子(NGF)对兔角膜缘干细胞增殖的影响

目的:探讨神经生长因子(NGF)对兔角膜缘干细胞增殖作用的影响及最佳有效浓度。方法:取成年大耳白兔角膜缘组织,应用组织块消化培养法进行原代培养,取第2代生长状态良好的干细胞,以5×103个/m l细胞浓度接种于96孔细胞培养板中,依次加入不同浓度的NGF,培养48h后,采用M TT法测定细胞增殖情况。结果:10ng/m l、50ng/m l、100ng/m l、200ng/m l不同浓度组的NGF均有促进角膜缘干细胞的增殖作用,与对照组比较差异均有显著性(P<0.01)。1ng/m l组与对照组、50ng/m l组与200ng/m l组比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:NGF可有效促进培养角膜缘干细胞的生长,培养的适宜浓度为10~100 ng/m l,为角膜缘干细胞移植患者术后及角膜外伤或溃疡时局部应用NGF提供了理论依据。     

Pharmacokinetics and metabolic disposition of sirolimus in healthy male volunteers after a single oral dose

The pharmacokinetics and metabolic disposition of sirolimus (rapamycin, Rapamune), a macrocyclic immunosuppressive agent for the prevention of allograft rejection in organ transplantation, were investigated in 6 healthy male volunteers after a single nominal 40-mg oral dose of the C-radiolabeled drug, with the added aim of assessing the potential role of sirolimus metabolites in the clinical pharmacology of the parent drug. The absorption of parent drug and derived materials was rapid (tmax 1.3 +/- 0.5 hours, mean +/- SD), and the elimination of sirolimus was slow (t(1/2) 60 +/- 10 hours, mean +/- SD) in whole blood. The high whole blood to plasma (B/P) concentration ratio of sirolimus (142 +/- 39) was consistent with its extensive partitioning into formed blood elements. The markedly lower B/P value based on radioactivity (2.7 +/- 0.4) suggested that drug-derived products partitioned into formed blood elements to a much lesser extent. Based on AUC0-144h values, unchanged sirolimus represented an average 35% of total radioactivity in whole blood. Drug-derived products in whole blood were characterized by HPLC, LC/MS, and LC/MS/MS as 41-O-demethyl, 7-O-demethyl, and several hydroxy, dihydroxy, hydroxy-demethyl and didemethyl sirolimus metabolites. The percentage distribution of sirolimus metabolites in whole blood ranged from 3%-10% at 1 hour to 6%-17% at 24 hours after drug administration. Based on their low immunosuppressive activities and relative abundance in whole blood of humans after sirolimus administration, metabolites of sirolimus do not appear to play a major role in the clinical pharmacology of the parent drug. A majority of the administered radioactivity (91.0 +/- 8.0%) was recovered from feces, and only 2.2% +/- 0.9% was renally excreted.