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661.
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver are very common in Bangladesh. Gastroenterology as a dedicated specialty was initiated in 1977 at the Institute of Postgraduate Medicine and Research in Dhaka. One more centre was set up later and these centres are providing specialized diagnostic and therapeutic services. These centres are also imparting training in endoscopy and 49 endoscopists trained so far are providing services in 22 centres around the country. Clinical gastroenterologists are also being trained in a 3 year Master's degree course and three specialists have already completed this. A Gastroenterology Society was formed in 1988 and has held three national scientific conferences and 20 regional meetings. Research in special problems of the country has also been initiated and work on aspects of peptic ulcer disease, chronic calcific pancreatitis and chronic viral hepatitis has been conducted. The demand for gastrointestinal services is high and the specialty has attracted a good number of young doctors. Gastroenterology is likely to grow in size and quality in Bangladesh. 相似文献
662.
A Esmaeili AK Keinhorst T Schuster F Beske R Schlösser C Bastanier 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》2010,99(2):209-214
Aim: The objective of this retrospective study is to compare the medical treatment of neonatal narcotic abstinence syndrome with clonidine and chloral hydrate with the commonly used combination therapy of morphine and phenobarbital. Methods: From 1998 to 2008, a total of 133 newborns suffering from neonatal narcotic abstinence syndrome were treated at our clinic. All of these patients were born to mothers who had received methadone substitution for drug addiction during the course of pregnancy. Results: Twenty‐nine patients received clonidine and chloral hydrate, and 64 patients were treated with morphine and phenobarbital for abstinence syndrome. The duration of treatment was significantly shorter in the clonidine/chloral hydrate group (median: 14 days vs. 35 days). Correspondingly, the period of hospitalization was also considerably shorter in the clonidine/chloral hydrate group (median: 32 days vs. 44 days). In addition, patients in the clonidine/chloral hydrate group exhibited markedly reduced withdrawal symptoms. Conclusion: This study suggests that a treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome with clonidine in omission of opiates is possible without causing short‐term adverse cardiovascular effects. Considering the retrospective design of the study, controlled and prospective trials are needed. 相似文献
663.
664.
Attitudes of GPs to the care of people with epilepsy 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
BACKGROUND: Most individuals with current epilepsy are solely under the
care of the primary care team for follow-up care. Government working party
recommendations, expert epilepsy panels and patients have also stressed the
central role of the GP in follow-up care. Problems in the provision of care
in the community have, however, repeatedly been highlighted. The views of
GPs about service provision for people with epilepsy may be an important
barrier to providing care, but have not yet been studied in a systematic
manner. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to ascertain the views of GPs on service
provision for people with epilepsy in primary care and on specific
initiatives to improve care. METHOD: A specially designed postal
questionnaire was sent to all 262 GPs on the list of West Glamorgan FHSA.
It ascertained what GPs felt their role should be in providing care to
people with epilepsy, identified their views on the importance of
particular problems in providing this care, as well as obtaining their
opinions on possible future initiatives to improve epilepsy care in the
community. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 70%. Although a majority
of responding GPs (55%) agreed that the care of people with epilepsy should
be based in general practice, 23% disagreed. A lack of confidence about
knowledge of epilepsy (34% responders), unfamiliarity with new drugs (65%
responders) and a lack of time (41% responders) were identified as
important perceived barriers to providing epilepsy care. Nearly all
responding GPs would welcome guidelines for epilepsy care (93% felt they
would be very helpful) and an epilepsy liaison nurse in the community was
the most popular option in terms of preferred overall strategy for
improving care. CONCLUSIONS: Despite 40 years of official recommendations
regarding the central role of the GP in the follow-up care of people with
epilepsy, a number of GPs have difficulty in providing this care. Many feel
that they lack knowledge or are too time pressured to improve the
situation. Nearly all GPs say that they would find guidelines for epilepsy
care very helpful and over half would find epilepsy liaison nurses helpful.
There is scope for more innovative ideas for epilepsy care in the
community.
相似文献
665.
666.
667.
SLINASI ÖZSOYLU NURTEN KOÇAK A. IZZET BERKEL 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1974,63(1):147-150
Three children with congenital form of sea blue histiocyte syndrome are reported. Two of them had liver involvement and the third one was mentally retarded. In all these cases, marked growth retardation was documented and the two had frequent epistaxis. The diagnosis was made by the demonstration of sea blue histiocytes in the bone marrow. These cells were also shown in the liver and spleen needle biopsy specimens, whichever was obtained. 相似文献
668.
BT Bloom J Kattwinkel RT Hall PM Delmore EA Egan JR Trout MH Malloy DR Brown IR Holzman CH Coghill WA Carlo AK Pramanik MA McCaffree PL Toubas S Laudert LL Gratny KB Weatherstone JH Seguin LD Willett GR Gutcher DH Mueller WH Topper 《Pediatrics》1997,100(1):31-38
OBJECTIVE: To compare the relative safety and efficacy of Infasurf (calf lung surfactant extract; ONY, Inc, Amherst, NY, IND #27169) versus Survanta (Beractant, Ross Laboratories, Columbus, OH) in reducing the acute severity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) when given at birth and to infants with established RDS. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial. SETTING: Thirteen neonatal intensive care units participated in the treatment arm: seven of these concurrently participated in the prevention arm. PATIENTS: The treatment arm enrolled infants of =2000 g birth weight with established RDS, and the prevention arm enrolled infants of =29 weeks' gestation with birth weights <1250 g. INTERVENTION: Infants were randomly assigned to receive Infasurf (n = 303, treatment arm; n = 180, prevention arm) or Survanta (n = 305, treatment arm; n = 194, prevention arm) in accordance with the Survanta package insert instructions. OUTCOME MEASURES: We projected a 25% reduction between groups in the need for a third dose of surfactant for infants with established RDS, and a 25% reduction in the need for a second dose of surfactant for infants who received prophylactic surfactant. Secondary outcomes included the severity of RDS measured by inspired oxygen concentrations and mean airway pressure, air leaks, complications associated with surfactant administration, and survival to 36 weeks' postmenstrual age without the need for oxygen supplementation. RESULTS: In the treatment arm, there was no difference between groups in the number of infants requiring more than two doses of surfactant. The interval between doses was significantly longer for Infasurf, suggesting an increased duration of treatment effect. The inspired oxygen concentration and mean airway pressure were lower in the Infasurf infants during the first 48 hours in the treatment arm. In the prevention arm, there were no differences with respect to the number of surfactant doses. The dosing intervals were longer for Infasurf infants after the second dose. No difference in inspired oxygen or mean airway pressure was noted during the first 72 hours. There were no significant differences in the incidence of air leaks, complications associated with dosing, complications of prematurity, mortality, or survival without chronic lung disease in the prevention or treatment arm. CONCLUSIONS: Infants treated with Infasurf have a modest benefit in the acute phase of RDS. Infasurf seems to produce a longer duration of effect than Survanta. 相似文献
669.
Extrahepatic obstruction of the portal vein is a well known cause of portal hypertension in childhood, that causes severe morbidity. We evaluated 34 children (24 boys, 10 girls, age 4.5 months to 12 years, mean 5.5 ± 3.8 years) with this diagnosis, to define the clinical picture, laboratory changes, diagnostic tools and therapeutic modalities. Gastrointestinal bleeding was the commonest mode of presentation (64.7%), with the second being splenomegaly. The cause of the obstruction could be determined in 38.2% (13/34) of the subjects. At the beginning of the study the main diagnostic procedure was splenoportography although in more recent years pulsed duplex Doppler ultrasonography has been used. The follow up period was a median of 5 years (range 1–11 years). The mean number of bleeding episodes was 4.7 ± 5.9 (range 1–26), while nine patients never bled. There was no mortality. Ten patients underwent surgery, while sclerotherapy was performed on 10. Twenty-one patients received beta-blocker drugs. No difference was found among these therapeutic modalities. It is well established that the major risk for children with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction is gastrointestinal bleeding which is tolerated quite well. Surgery should be indicated only in children where bleeding cannot be controlled by medical means including sclerotherapy. 相似文献
670.
Twenty five cases of Meckel''s diverticulum were studied between 1985-1995. Eight of these were symptomatic and in the remaining 17 it was an incidental finding. The symptomatic patients presented with intestinal obstruction (5 cases), perforated peritonitis (2 cases) and intussusception (1 case). All cases of acute appendicitis were also subjected to a search for Meckel''s diverticulum. Of the 25 Meckel''s diverticuli encountered, 22 were resected and in 3 patients it was left in situ. Both the patients with perforated Meckel''s diverticulum showed ectopic gastric mucosa. Complications occurred only after surgery for symptomatic Meckel''s diverticulum. All patients undergoing incidental diverticulectomy had a smooth and uncomplicated recovery.KEYWORDS: Incidental diverticulectomy, Meckel''s diverticulum 相似文献