穿琥宁与甲氧苄啶存在配伍禁忌

随着新药的不断出现，旧的注射液配伍禁忌检索表已不能满足临床需要。我科在为1例上呼吸道感染、急性胃肠炎患儿静脉输入穿琥宁与甲氧苄啶时发生了配伍禁忌，现报道如下：1病例介绍患儿，男，1岁11个月，上呼吸道感染、急性胃肠炎，于2006年11月12日入院。遵医嘱给予生理盐水100ml＋甲氧苄啶静脉输入，续接加有穿琥宁的液体时，莫菲滴管中出现白色浑浊，立即更换输液器并给予生理盐水输入，观察30min，未见患儿不适，局部无反应，生命体征平稳，即给予穿琥宁液体输入，无不良反应。     

抗HLA和抗MICA抗体的表达对移植肾功能和急性排斥反应的预示作用

Objective To investigate the prediction of anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies (HLA) and anti-major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A antibodies (MICA) to the development of acute rejection (AR) and kidney allograft function. Methods Forty-one kidney transplant patients were prospectively tested for anti-HLA and anti-MICA. Thirty-seven patients were screened using Luminex/single-antigen beads to determine the HLA and MICA-specific antibody levels at 0,30,90, 180,360,720 and 1080 days post-transplantation. The patients and donors of HLA and MICA allele typing were determined by PCR-SSOP, and donor specific antibody (DSA) and non-donor specific antibody (NDSA) were identified.Simultaneously,their serum creatinine (SCr) levels and clinical data were analyzed. Results Nine patients (21.95 % ,9/41 ) had pre-existing anti-HLA and(or) anti-MICA, including 6 cases of anti-MICA,2 cases of anti-HLA, and one case of anti-MICA and anti-HLA. Nine patients had pre-existing DSA and NDSA. In the 37 patients, 6 patients (16.2% ) developed de novo anti-HLA, and 3 (8.1%) developed de novo antiMICA. In patients positive for de novo anti-HLA, the titer of antibody was gradually increased during the follow-up of three years. Four patients out of 9 patients with pre-existing antibodies were suffered from AR (44.4%); In 6 patients positive for de novo anti-HLA,three cases (50.0%) were suffered from AR; In three patients positive for de novo anti-MICA,no AR occurred (P＜0.05). In two patients positive for DSA of HLAⅡ antibody detected at the third and seventh day after transplantation, the renal grafts were renovecd due to rejection. The Scr levels in patients positive for pre-existing MICA with AR were higher than in those positive for pre-existing MICA without AR at each scheduled time point during the follow-up period (P＜0.05). The Scr levels in patients negative for antibodies pre-transplantation and having AR were higher than in those having no AR at each scheduled time point during the follow-up period (P＜0. 01 ). The Scr levels in patients positive for de novo HLA and MICA and having AR one month following transplantation were higher than in those negative for antibodies and having no AR (P＜0.01 ). Conclusion Pre-existing and de novo anti-HLA were the irnportant factors for the development of AR, but the mismatch of HLA and MICA alleles in donors and patients was primary causes for generation of de novo antibodies.     

英格兰社区药房服务及其对中国社会药房发展的启示

目的:探讨英格兰社区药房服务对中国社会药房发展的启示。方法:回顾和探讨2000-2008年英国社区药房各种制度和政策对社区药房服务内容的影响,提出对中国社会药房未来发展的建议。结果与结论:英格兰社区药房的基本服务内容包括配药、重复配药、回收药物、公共健康、提供转诊指导、自我保健以及临床管理。此外,英国皇家药学会也不断推出各项社区药房的额外服务以提高其效能,如抗凝血剂监测服务、特定疾病专用药物管理服务等。这些举措对中国社会药房的发展具有较大启示,也有实际可行性。     

高龄阑尾炎小切口手术治疗体会

目的总结高龄阑尾炎病人的临床表现,并探讨围手术期的有关问题。方法回顾性分析年龄≥70岁,接受手术治疗的72例阑尾炎患者的临床资料。结果72例高龄患者中,73．6％术前伴有高血压,冠心病,慢性肺病及糖尿病等老年常见病;72例均行小切口阑尾切除术,术后并发症发生率为12．5％,术前伴有其他系统疾病者并发症的发生率（20．8％）显著高于无其他系统疾病者（9．7％）,P〈0．01。结论高龄阑尾炎患者术前伴发疾病多,术后并发症发生率高,应加强围手术期的处理,小切口提高了手术的安全性,优于腹腔镜阑尾切除术,老年人容易接受。     

瘤型麻风病1例

患者男,37岁。面部、躯干、四肢起红斑、结节4年,双侧眉睫毛脱落,下肢皮肤麻木3年。眉弓及其下结节组织液涂片查见大量抗酸杆菌,病理检查提示麻风病,确诊后转当地防疫站治疗。     

第四代EMS经皮肾镜治疗婴幼儿上尿路感染性结石体会

目的 探讨应用第四代EMS经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)治疗婴幼儿上尿路感染性结石的临床疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析48例PCNL使用第四代EMS治疗上尿路感染性结石的患儿资料.男22例,女26例;年龄1 ～13岁,平均9岁.右侧25例,左侧23例;结石最大2.4cm ×3.1cm,最小0.7cm×1.0cm.结果 PCNL术后结石完全清除43例(89.6％),Ⅱ期PCNL取石3例(6.3％),术后体外震波碎石术( ESWL)2例(4.2％).术中无患者输血,平均住院时间9.6天,6例(12.5％)出现术后发热,全组病例均未出现严重感染性休克、大出血、肾动静脉瘘及邻近脏器损伤等并发症.结论 第四代EMS联合PCNL是治疗婴幼儿上尿路感染性结石安全有效的方法.     

经腹股沟与阴囊切口治疗睾丸鞘膜积液体会

目的 探讨睾丸鞘膜积液治疗方式.方法 对63例睾丸鞘膜积液病人行手术治疗,其中33例行经腹股沟切口治疗睾丸鞘膜积液;30例行经阴囊手术治疗睾丸鞘膜积液.结果 两组手术时间、出血量无明显差异,经腹股沟切口组术后复发、阴囊水肿、感染等方面优于经阴囊切口手术组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论经腹股沟切口可替代传统的阴囊切口治疗睾丸鞘膜积液.     

肾素瘤一例

患者,女,39岁,因"间歇性头晕伴乏力,高血压5年"于2012年2月11日入院.5年前患者无明显诱因出现间歇性头晕、伴有乏力、血压升高.血压最高达190/110 mmHg(1mmHg =0.133 kPa).无寒颤发热,无恶心呕吐.入院体检:血压170/105 mmHg,心脏增大,肝脾正常,双肾区未触及包块,无叩击痛,全身未闻及血管杂音.实验室检查:血、尿常规正常,肝肾功能正常,心电图示左心室肥大.     

山莨菪碱致过敏性休克1例

患儿,男,13岁。因阵发性腹痛0.5d就诊。平素健康,无药物过敏史。诊为肠痉挛,予山莨菪碱,5mg肌注。10min左右出现全身荨麻疹,瘙痒,考虑为山莨菪碱过敏,予苯海拉明针剂,20mg肌注,不能缓解。患儿出现乏力、心悸、大汗、不能站立。查体:体温36.5℃,脉搏100次/min,呼吸16次/min,血压