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麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹三联减毒活疫苗(简称“麻风腮”疫苗,英文商品名:M—M—RⅡ)是一种无菌冻干制品,通过皮下注射使用。适用于在12个月或以上个体,能够同时对麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹产生免疫。麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹是三种常见的儿童疾病,分别是由麻疹病毒、腮腺炎病毒(副粘病毒)和风疹病毒(粘膜病毒)引起,可以导致严重的并发症或死亡。 相似文献
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Objective To explore the effect on blood vessel regeneration of distal esophagus in ca-nines of portal hypertension with liver cirrhosis after different procedures with paraesophagastrie devascular-ization. Methods Portal hypertension models were produced in canines by subcutaneous injection of 60% CC14 combined with food restriction. Forty eight model canines were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A, traditional paraesophagastrie devascularization;group B, selective paraesophagastric devascularization;group C, paraesophagastric devascularization plus distal esophageal transaction and reanastomosis with sta-pler;group D,control group. Every group had 12 canines which were randomly divided into A1 ,B1 ,C1 ,D1, A2,B2,C2 and D2 groups after the operation. Canines in groups A1 ,B1 ,C1 and D1 were executed at first month after the operation,and those in groups A2, B2, C2 and D2 were executed at the 6th month after the operation. The distal esophagus was segmented when the canines were executed. The upside and downside of the stoma in group C were distinguished and signed as Ca and Cb. Immunohistochemieal methods were used to detect VEGF,CD34 and FVⅧ-Rag,blood vessel-related factors,in lower esophagus. Results The expres-sion levels of VEGF and CD34 MVD,FⅧ-Rag MVD in groups A1 ,B1 and C1 were lower than those in group D1 one month after the operation (P <0.05). All the indices in group B1 were lower than those in groups A1 and Clb,but higher than those in group Cla (P <0.05). The indices in group Cla were lower than those in group C1b (P < 0.05 ). The indices in groups A2 and B2 were higher than those in groups A1 and B1, re-spectively at the 6th month after the operation (P <0.05). They were higer in outer membrane in group C1a than in group C2a (P <0.05). The indices in group C2b were higher than those in group Clb (P<0.05). Conclusion At the first month after operation, the expression of blood vessel-related factors was declined in three different procedures of paraesophagastric devascularization,which indicated that all three different pro-cedures could diminish the vessels in distal esophagus. The effect in group C was most obvious among all groups. At the 6th month after traditional paraesophagastrie devascularization and selective paraesophagastrie devascularization, the expression of blood vessel-related factors in distal esophagus was declined. But there were no significant changes in the expression of blood vessel-related factors in distal esophagus after parae-sophagastric devascularization plus distal esophageal transaction and reanastomosis with stapler. It indicated that the blood vessel regeneration in paraesophagastric devascularization pins distal esophageal transaction and reanastomosis with stapler was inferior to that in other procedures. 相似文献
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小脑延髓池的显微外科解剖研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的研究小脑延髓池的显微外科解剖特征,探讨其临床意义.方法选择经10%福尔马林固定成人头颈标本15例,显微镜下(5~25倍)模拟枕下极外侧入路、颈-乳突入路和耳前颞下窝入路的手术操作,分别自后、侧和前方显露小脑延髓池内结构,详细观测其神经血管结构的形态特征.结果小脑延髓池位于延髓外侧,上至桥延沟,下达枕骨大孔,侧方沿枕骨形成蛛网膜袖套进入颈静脉孔和舌下神经管.舌咽神经、迷走神经和副神经的根丝自上而下起自橄榄体背侧、延髓和脊髓的后外侧沟,根丝逐级汇合后分别进入舌咽神经道和迷走神经道.椎动脉于小脑延髓池的下端入颅后经该池行向前上内进入延髓前池.小脑下后动脉(PICA)可分为延髓前段、延髓侧段、扁桃体延髓段、脉络膜扁桃体段和皮质段.主要的静脉有小脑延髓裂内静脉、延髓静脉、小脑岩面下组静脉和岩下桥静脉.结论小脑绒球和Luschka孔脉络丛复合体及颈静脉孔硬膜返折可作为辨认舌咽神经脑池段的解剖标志,深刻认识小脑延髓池的蛛网膜界限对手术处理累及小脑延髓池的不同性质病变,保护重要神经功能意义重大. 相似文献
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弥漫性轴突损伤的磁共振氢谱的变化 总被引:13,自引:4,他引:9
弥漫性轴突损伤(Diffuse axonal injury,DAI)普遍存在于各种程度的颅脑损伤中。脑白质中轴突的广泛断裂在重型颅脑损伤病例占50%以上,而在轻度颅脑损伤中仍占30%,检查轴突损伤在了解外伤性脑损害中具有重要的意义。但是如何在活体中检测轴突的病理改变相当困难,虽然明显的病理改变能被传统的影像学(CT或T1、T2加权像MRI)证实, 相似文献
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我院1991~2002年开展大肠镜检查1 653例.其中经病理及手术确诊为大肠癌的170例,现分析如下. 相似文献
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Valiolamine和1,3-二羟基丙酮在Pd/C作用下催化氢化得到伏格列波糖,收率75%. 相似文献
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