肋骨内固定术治疗创伤性连枷胸

目的 比较肋骨内固定术和外固定胸廓治疗创伤性连枷胸的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2006年1月至2009年6月收治的86例以创伤性连枷胸为主的多发伤病例的临床资料,分为内固定组和外固定组.内固定组45例,采用镍钛记忆合金环抱式接骨器内固定肋骨骨折;外固定组41例,采用外固定胸廓非手术保守治疗.比较2组的临床疗效.结果 内固定组患者胸壁畸形均消失,而外固定组中有19例患者遗留胸壁畸形.内固定组患者平均住院时间、平均住ICU时间和平均机械通气时间均短于外固定组[(15.1±1.8)d与(22.9±2.8)d,t=-15.724;(5.7±1.5)d与(14.4±2.9)d,t=-17.711;(3.9±1.5)d与(11.6 ±2.3)d,t=-17.256;P均＜0.01],内固定组患者呼吸系统并发症[包括肺部炎症或(和)肺不张或(和)呼吸功能衰竭]的发生率低于外固定组(35.6%与70.7%,x2=10.641,P＜0.01).出院3个月后,内固定组患者肺功能指标包括肺总量、用力肺活量、1秒钟用力呼气容积、呼气峰流量、75%肺活量最大呼气流量均高于外固定组[(89.5±3.1)%与(79.1±5.1)%,t=11.705;(80.2±2.8)%与(69.8±3.8)%,t=14.241;(74.8±4.4)%与(71.9±3.6)%,t=3.201;(82.8±4.4)%与(79.8±4.9)%,t=2.885;(68.2±2.2)%与(61.9±2.9)%,t=11.286;P均＜0.01].结论 肋骨内固定手术治疗创伤性连枷胸,可以迅速纠正畸形,稳定胸廓,消除反常呼吸,治疗过程顺利,缩短重症监护及住院时间,减少并发症,还可以减轻连枷胸对患者远期肺功能的影响.采用镍钛记忆合金环抱式接骨器内固定肋骨,手术简单、方便,疗效确切.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the effects of rib internal fixation and thoracic external fixation in treatment of traumatic flail chest. Methods Eighty six cases of traumatic flail chest with multiple injuries,admitted to hospital from January 2006 to June 2009 ,were recruited into the study and divided into rib internal fixation and thoracic external fixation groups randomly. The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Rib internal fixations with Ti-Ni shape memory alloy embracing connector were performed in internal-fixation group(n = 45) and thoracic external fixations were performed in external-fixation group(n = 41). The outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results No patient in internal-fixation group developed chest wall deformity,while 19 patients in external-fixation group had chest wall deformity left. The mean times of hospital stay([ 15. 1 ± 1.8]d vs [22. 9 ±2. 8]d,t = - 15. 724,P ＜0. 01) ,ICU stay([5.7 ± 1.5]d vs [ 14. 4 ±2. 9]d,t =- 17.711, P ＜ 0. 01), and mechanical ventilation([ 3.9 ± 1.5 ] d vs [ 1 1.6 ± 2. 3 ] d, t = - 17. 256, P ＜ 0. 01),in internal-fixation group were significantly shorter than those in external-fixation group. The occurrence rate of respiratory complications (including pulmonary inflammation and (or) atelectasis and (or) respiratory failure)in internal-fixation group was significantly lower than those in external-fixation group(35.6% vs. 70. 7% ,x2 =10.641,P ＜ 0.01). Followed-up data of three months after discharge showed that the pulmonary function parameters, such as total lung capacity([ 89. 5 ± 3. 1 ] % vs. [ 79. 1 ± 5. 1 ] %, t = 11. 705, P ＜ 0. 01), forced vital capacity([ 80. 2 ± 2. 8 ] % vs. [ 69. 8 ± 3. 8 ] % ,t = 14. 241 ,P ＜0. 01) ,forced expiratory volume in the 1st second ([74.8 ±4.4]% vs. [71.9 ±3.6]% ,t =3.201,P ＜0.01),peak expiratory flow ([82.8 ±4.4]%vs. [79. 8 ±4. 9]% ,t =2. 885,P ＜0. 01) and forced expiratory flows at 75% of the vital capacity( [68.2 ±2. 2] % vs. [61.9 ± 2. 9 ]%, t = 11. 286; P ＜ 0. 01) were significantly higher in internal-fixation group than those in external-fixation group. Conclusion Rib internal fixation for traumatic flail chest can quickly correct chest wall deformity, stabilize thoracis and eliminate paradoxical chest wall movement. Patients accepted this treatment have a shorter therapy process during the intensive care unit and hospital stay, less pulmonary complications. They also show less long-term restrictive pulmonary functions impairment, when compared to the patients in the thoracic external fixation group. Rib internal fixation with Ti-Ni shape memory alloy embracing connector is a simple and effective therapy.     

高龄食管癌外科治疗108例临床分析

目的 探讨高龄食管癌患者手术治疗方法及疗效.方法 回顾性分析108例高龄食管癌患者手术治疗的临床资料,其中经左胸一切口食管胃主动脉弓下吻合7例,左胸胃经弓前至弓上与食管行弓上吻合16例,左胸胃经食管床再经主动脉弓后与上段食管行弓上吻合12例,经左胸Sweet手术颈部吻合61例,右胸腹颈三切口Akiyama手术颈部吻合6例;余6例患者肿瘤属局部晚期,侵犯周围组织器官,仅行探查性手术.结果 本组手术切除率94.4%(102/108),术后并发症发生率25.0%(27/108),病死率1.9%(2/108).结论 严格控制高龄食管癌患者手术适应证,选择适宜的术式,加强围术期营养支持,有效预防和及时处理并发症,可有效提高患者手术治愈率与生活质量.     

骨髓动员后自体骨髓源单个核细胞移植治疗血栓闭塞性脉管炎

目的 探讨骨髓动员后自体骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗血栓闭塞性脉管炎(TAO)的疗效及安全性.方法 对12例(15条患肢)下肢严重缺血的TAO患者先使用粒细胞集落刺激因子(GCSF)刺激骨髓3～5 d后,抽取骨髓血150～200 ml,经分离纯化后采用下肢肌肉注射法行自体骨髓单个核细胞(BM-MNC)移植;采用主观指标包括患肢疼痛和冷感以及客观指标包括踝肱指数(ABI)、经皮氧分压(TcPO2)和足部溃疡变化进行疗效评价.结果 移植2个月后疼痛缓解率为86.7%(13/15),冷感缓解率为93.3%(14/15).移植前ABI为0.38±0.05,移植治疗后2个月为0.61±0.14(t=-6.34,P<0.05),ABI改善率66.7%(10/15).TcP02移植前为(27.47±2.85)mm Hg,移植治疗后2个月为(43.53±8.38)mm Hg(t=-7.03,P<0.05),TcPO2改善率为93.3%(14/15).9条肢体溃疡改善8条.经平均10个月随访,患者主观症状改善率为80.0%(12/15);客观指标ABI为0.57±0.13(与移植前比较,t=-5.33,P<0.05),TcPO2为(42.07±7.81)mm Hg(与移植前比较,t=-7.80,P<0.05),溃疡愈合率达66.7%(6/9),有2例2条患肢溃疡无改善,无死亡及高位截肢者.所有患者经常规检查未发现视网膜增生、恶性肿瘤、心肌梗死、脑梗死、血管瘤形成等并发症.结论 骨髓动员后自体骨髓单个核细胞移植具有抽取骨髓血少、单个核细胞量多和安全性高等优点,可能是一种新而有效的治疗TAO手段,尤其对改善患肢症状及促进溃疡的愈合效果明显.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of autologons bone margow-mononuclear cell (BM-MNC)transplantation after the bone marrow stimulation in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO).Methods The bone marrows of 12 patients were stimulated by an injection of the recombinant human granuloeyte-macmphage colony-stimulatory factor(GCSF)for 3-5 days.150-200 ml bone marrow was drown from the iliac spine and the autologous BM-MNC were obtained in each patients.Fifteen lower limbs of 12 patients received implantation of the autologous BM-MNC by an intramuscular iniecdon.A series of subjective indexes(including improvement of pain and cold sensation)and objeetive indexes [including increase of ankle braehial index(ABI),transcutaneons oxygen pressure(TcPO2)and improvement of foot skin ulcer] were used to evaluate the effects.Results The outcomes were evaluated after 2 months of transplantation.The pain-relief rate and the cold feeling improvement rate were 86.7%(13/15)and 93.3%(14/15)respectively.The ABI were 0.38 ±0.05 vs.0.61 ±0.14(P<0.05)before transplantation and 2 months after transplantation respectively.increased in 66.7%(10/15)limbs.The TcPO2 of the ischemic legs increased from(27.47±2.85)mm Hg to(43.53 ±8.38)mm Hg(t=-7.03,P<0.05)after the transplantation,and the improvement rate of TcPO2 was 93.3%(14/15).Skin ulcers in improved in 8/9 limbs.Twelve patients were followed up for all average period of 10 months.The patients'symptoms improved in 80.0%(12/15)limbs,as to the objective index the ABI was0.57±0.13,TcPO2 was(42.07 ±7.81)mm Hg,which improved significandy compared to before treatment(t=-5.33,-7.80,Ps<0.05).skin ulcer healing rate was 66.7%(6/9).The ischemic symptoms in 2 patients were not relieved.There WBS no mortality and high level amputation in all subjects.The complications,such as proliferative retinopathy,malitpmnt tumor,myocardial infarction,stroke or hemangioma were not found in any patients.Conclusion In patients with TAO,intramuscular transplantation of autologous BM-MNC after the bone marrow stimulation has advantages of less bone marrow aspiration,more mononuclear cell content and relatively high safety.It may be a new and effective method to alleviate symptoms and accelerate the healing of skin ulcer.     

体外培养骨髓干细胞及趋化因子受体CXCR4的表达CSCD

背景:有实验证明骨髓间充质干细胞表面CXCR4的表达水平决定了细胞向靶组织归巢及随后血管生成的效率。目的:分析骨髓间充质干细胞的分离、培养、鉴定及多向分化潜能,探讨细胞表面CXCR4的表达在促血管再生作用领域的意义。方法:无菌条件下骨穿针垂直穿刺髂后上棘处抽取猪骨髓,并行分离及培养,得到传代的骨髓间充质干细胞,并行体外细胞凋亡检测,骨髓间充质干细胞表面蛋白CXCR4的检测:并行骨髓间充质干细胞的凋亡周期检测。结果与结论:实验分离骨髓间充质干细胞的细胞形态比较均一。传代培养后,细胞不再以集落方式生长,而呈分布均匀的纺锤形。细胞在4d左右开始快速增长,1周后细胞生长进入稳定期。流式细胞仪检测发现细胞表面CXCR4的表达较多。证明实验成功分离骨髓干细胞,CXCR4蛋白在细胞体外培养中明显高表达,提高CXCR4的表达将为骨髓间充质干细胞移植促进血管再生、治疗下肢缺血性疾病提供临床治疗依据。     

三氧化二砷对人肺腺癌细胞A549/DDP裸鼠体内的多药耐药逆转作用

目的研究三氧化二砷（As_2O_3）对人肺腺癌耐顺铂细胞A549/顺铂（DDP）裸鼠移植瘤的耐药逆转作用。方法建立人肺腺癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,观察As_2O_3、DDP及联合用药对体内移植瘤生长状况的影响;采用流式细胞术（FCM）测定不同用药对肿瘤细胞凋亡率变化和耐药细胞A549/DDP P-糖蛋白（P-gp）表达;采用RT-PCR检测不同用药对A549/DDP移植瘤组织MRP1-mRNA和LRP-mRNA表达的变化。结果体内裸鼠抑瘤实验显示As_2O_3有一定抑瘤作用,联合应用DDP可显著抑制肿瘤生长。FCM结果显示应用As_2O_3后肿瘤细胞平均凋亡率,明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）[（17.204±3.091）%vs（3.436±0.537）%],低浓度As_2O_3联合DDP后肿瘤细胞的凋亡率,明显高于DDP组（P〈0.05）[（14.472±3.891）%vs（5.612±1.167）%]。FCM对P-gp表达检测提示As_2O_3对移植瘤Pgp水平无影响。RT-PCR检测结果示含As_2O_3组MRP1表达明显低于不含As_2O_3组（P〈0.05）,肺癌耐药相关蛋白（LRP）在转录水平呈现相对低表达,含As_2O_3组同不含As_2O_3组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 As_2O_3能在体内逆转A549/DDP细胞的耐药性,其机制可能是As_2O_3可通过下调MRP1基因表达,提高A549/DDP细胞对DDP敏感性逆转其耐药,并可能通过诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡来起作用。     

覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层

目的探讨覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层（AoD）的近期效果,分析围手术期并发症的发生率及预防措施。方法分析41例Stanford B型AoD腔内修复术的临床资料。结果临床成功率95.1%（39/41）;主要并发症发生率4.9%（2/41）,包括持续内漏1例,逆行性Stanford A型夹层1例;次要并发症包括植入后炎症综合症5例、入路动脉损伤1例。结论覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗Stanford B型近期疗效好,主要并发症发生率低,但不容忽视。     

胸主动脉瘤手术治疗89例分析

目的 分析89例胸主动脉瘤手术治疗的临床资料,总结手术治疗胸主动脉瘤的经验.探讨胸主动脉瘤手术治疗的手术适应证、手术方式的新进展,探讨胸主动脉瘤的病因及临床表现,提出早期干预措施.方法术前评估每位患者病情特点,采用多种不同的手术方式.结果 手术成功85例,手术成功率为95.5%;有4例术后早期死亡,术后早期病死率为4.5%.结论 胸主动脉瘤手术治疗方法安全、有效.     

细胞集落刺激因子诱导肺癌干细胞分化的临床应用

目的诱导肺癌干细胞进入分裂期以提高对化疗药物的敏感度。方法未手术晚期肺腺癌患者115例随机分为诱导化疗组(试验组)和常规化疗组(对照组)。两组均予以长春瑞滨+顺铂(NP)方案化疗;试验组化疗期间加用重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)诱导肺癌干细胞分化。化疗2个周期后2周比较两组的疗效。结果试验组近期有效率明显高于对照组(61.8%vs.41.5%)(P<0.05)。结论通过诱导肺癌干细胞向相应的成熟细胞分化使其对化疗敏感,可以提高治疗效果。     

先天性主动脉窦瘤37例的外科治疗效果

目的探讨先天性主动脉窦瘤的手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析在体外循环心脏停跳下手术治疗先天性主动脉窦瘤37例资料。结果 36例患者手术治疗成功,围术期无并发症,康复出院;术后患者心功能改善,达到Ⅰ-Ⅱ级;主动脉窦瘤补片无残余分流。1例患者术后并发急性肾衰、呼吸衰竭,术后第17天患者家属放弃治疗出院。结论外科手术治疗先天性主动脉窦瘤效果确切。     

成人部分型心内膜垫缺损外科治疗效果

目的 总结25例成人部分型心内膜垫缺损外科治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析25例成人部分型心内膜垫缺损的外科治疗的临床资料.结果 25例患者经手术治疗后,心功能改善,运动耐量增加.除1例术后出现Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,安放永久心脏起搏器.其余患者无术后并发症.出院后随访1-10年,1例因二尖瓣重度返流,心功能不全,再入院调整心功能.2例术后5年出现中-重度三尖瓣返流.经内科保守治疗,病情缓解.其余患者恢复顺利.结论 外科治疗部分型心内膜垫缺损,疗效确切.