超声引导下Mammotome旋切术治疗乳腺纤维腺瘤40例

目的：探讨超声引导下Mammotome旋切手术对乳腺纤维腺瘤治疗的应用价值。方法：对乳腺纤维腺瘤患者分别进行超声引导下Mammotome旋切手术（40例）和传统的开放手术（57例）,比较分析其手术情况、并发症及随访结果。结果：Mammotome组切除肿瘤直径、切口长度以及多发肿瘤的切口数目明显小于开放手术组;手术时间、术中麻醉效果、术后并发症、肿瘤残余及复发两组无显著性差异,但对于临床无法触及的肿瘤及多发性肿瘤,Mammotome旋切手术时间比开放手术明显缩短;Mammotome组患者对乳房外形满意度明显高于开放手术组。结论：超声引导下Mammotome旋切治疗乳腺纤维腺瘤,具有定位准确、简便安全、美容效果突出的特点,尤其适于临床无法触及的隐匿性肿瘤和多发性肿瘤以及对形体有较高要求的患者。     

陶赛特、萨福克肉用羊品种对小尾寒羊和细毛羊羊毛品质的影响

本文通过对肉用羊品种陶赛特和萨福克改良小尾寒羊和细毛羊后的不同杂交组合的羊毛品质分析,其结果为:陶赛特公羊与小尾寒羊、细毛羊杂交后代的羊毛细度均为58's。萨福克与小尾寒羊的杂交后代羊毛细度为50's。陶寒的羊毛长度高于陶细的羊毛长度1.25￣2.31cm,差异高度显著。陶寒、萨寒的羊毛伸度差异不大。成年羊陶细比陶寒羊毛油脂高5.13%,净毛率低5.35%。肉羊品种杂交改良小尾寒羊时,杂种后代的羊毛密度增加,陶细后代的羊毛密度高于其它组合1634￣1678根/cm2。结论:不同父本品种对同一母本品种改良后代的羊毛品质影响不大,同一父本不同母本杂交时,母本对羊毛品质的影响较大。     

基于慢病毒的SHARP-2特异的RNA干扰延长肾移植受者大鼠存活时间

Objective To investigate if rat enhancer of split- and hairy-related protein-2 (SHARP-2) short hairpin RNA interference (shRNAi) prolongs the survival time of rat kidney transplant recipients. Methods Gene recombinant procedures, transfection and co-transfection were carried out to introduce short hairpin RNA interference sequences target for SHARP-2 into 3rd generation self-inactivated lentiviral-ViraPower packaging mix. Limiting dilution method was used for viral titration. Real-time PCR was employed for quantification of gene expression. Rat kidney transplantation was utilized to investigate the effect of SHARP-2 gene silence on the recipient survival. Results A lentiviral-based shRNAi construct LV-SHARP-2iC showed 84% SHARP-2 gene silence efficiency in normal rat kidney cells. At multiplicity of infection 20, 57% T cells could be transfected by lentivirus with spinoculation method. In activated T cells, SHARP-2 g ene silence resulted in 61.3% and 68.7% reduction of intedeukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon γ (IFN-γ) gene expression. When donor kidney was perfused with 5×107 TU LV-SHARP-2iC, the median survival time prolonged for 4-5 days as compared to blank and scramble control groups. Conclusions A recombinant lentivirus LV-SHARP-2iC that effectively silence SHARP-2 gene expression is constructed successfully, leading to the inhibition of IL-2 and IFN-γ. LV-SHARP-2iC treatment can prolong the survival time of rat kidney transplant recipients.     

老年性骨质疏松性腰椎骨折的X线诊断

测量了２０～４０岁男女各５０例的腰椎正侧位Ｘ线片，腰椎无异常所见，以其腰椎椎体前、中、后高度（ａ、ｃ、ｐ），作为ａ／ｐ、ｃ／ｐ、ａｎ／ａｎ＋１、ｃｎ／ｃｎ＋１和ｐｎ／ｐｎ＋１的正常参考值；在１３３例老年患者的腰椎正侧位片上检出腰椎压缩性骨折２６３个，仅用ａ／ｐ和ｃ／ｐ参考值则检出１５７个，遗漏约４０．３％的椎体骨折数。老年患者的椎体骨折数，女性多于男性，７０～７９岁组多于６０～６９岁组。     

我国冠状动脉旁路移植术住院死亡预测模型研究及欧洲心血管手术危险评分系统效能检验

目的:分析并初步建立我国冠状动脉旁路移植术(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)风险预测模型,并与欧洲心血管手术危险因素评分系统即EuroSCORE及EuroSCORE对数回归模型对比。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月1日至2007年6月30日,北京安贞医院心脏外科行CABG手术或CABG合并手术的1637例患者资料。收集影响手术死亡的42个术前危险因素,经过单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析确立独立危险因素,并据此初步建立CABG手术死亡危险评估模型,再对模型进行分辨度、校准度检验,并与EuroSCORE及EuroSCORE对数回归模型进行对比研究。结果:全组患者年龄(61.9±9.7)岁,实际病死率4.03%(66/1637),CABG合并手术3.85%(63/1637),多因素Logistic回归分析结果:慢性肺部疾病、外周血管疾病、急性心肌梗死、既往介入治疗(PTCA、溶栓或支架)、心源性休克、主动脉瓣反流及二尖瓣反流为CABG手术死亡的独立危险因素。据此建立CABG手术死亡危险评估模型。并与EuroSCORE及EuroSCORE对数回归模型进行对比研究。受试者工作特征(Receiver-OperatingCharacteristic,ROC)曲线下面积:新建立风险模型(0.83)EuroSCORE对数回归模型(0.82)EuroSCORE模型(0.81),Hosmer-Lemeshowχ2检验新模型P=0.225,P0.05,即预计病死率与实际观测病死率差异无统计学意义;而其他2种模型P0.05。结论:慢性肺部疾病、外周血管疾病、急性心肌梗死、既往介入治疗(PTCA、溶栓或支架)、心源性休克、主动脉瓣反流及二尖瓣反流等7个因素为CABG手术死亡的独立危险因素。据此建立的CABG手术死亡危险评估模型具有良好的分辨度和校准度。     

血浆超敏C反应蛋白和脂蛋白(a)水平在缺血性卒中新TOAST分型诊断中的鉴别作用

目的 探讨急性缺血性卒中患者血浆超敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)和脂蛋白(a)[Lipoprotein(a),Lp(a)]水平在新TOAST分型诊断中的鉴别作用.方法 分别采用免疫散色比浊法和免疫透射比浊法检测82例急性缺血性卒中患者(＜24 h)和60例健康对照者的血浆hs-CRP和Lp(a)水平,并尽可能完成动态心电图、超声心动图、MRI、磁共振血管造影/CT血管造影/数字减影血管造影等辅助检查,最后根据缺血性卒中新TOAST分型诊断标准对其进行分型.结果 急性缺血性卒中患者各亚型及对照组血浆hs-CRP和Lp(a)水平存在显著差异(P均＜0.001),其中心源性栓塞(cardioembolism,CE)患者血浆hs-CRP水平最高.hs-CRP可作为CE亚型的一个生物学标记物(优势比1.84,95%可信区间1.18～2.85;P＜0.05);当其浓度＞3.48 mg/L时,预测CE的敏感性和特异性分别为89%和83%.AT患者血浆Lp(a)水平最高,可作为AT亚型的一个生物学标记物(优势比1.02,95%可信区间1.01～1.03;P＜0.05);当其浓度＞183.5 mg/L时,其预测AT的敏感性和特异性分别达87%和85%.结论 急性缺血性卒中患者血浆hs-CRP和Lp(a)水平可为及时准确的病因学分型提供一定的帮助.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the identification role of plasma high sensitive Creactive protein (hs-CRP) and lipoprotein (a) (Lp [a]) levels in the diagnosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke according to the TOAST classification. Methods The levels of plasma hsCRP and Lp (a) in 82 acute stroke patients ( ＜24 hours) and 60 healthy controls were detected using immune scatter turbidimetry and immune transmission turbidity, and try to make use of Holter, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography/CT angiography/dagital subtraction angiography and other tests. Finally, they were classified according to the diagnostic criteria of the TOAST classification of ischemic stroke. Results There were significant differences in plasma hs-CRP and Lp (a) levels between all the subtypes of the acute ischemic sroke group and the control group (all P ＜0. 001). The the level of plasma hsCRP in patients with cardioembolism (CE) was highest. Hs-CRP could be used as a biological marker of CE subtype (odds ratio[OR] = 1. 84,95% confidence interval [CI] 1. 18-2. 85, P ＜ 0. 05). When its concentration was ＞ 3. 48 mg/L, the sensitivity and specificity of predicting CE were 89% and 83% respectively. The plasma level of the AT patients was highest, it could be used as a biological marker of AT subtype (OR = 1. 02, 95% CI 1. 01-1. 03, P＜0. 05); when its concentration was ＞ 183. 5 mg/L, the sensitivity and specificity of predicting AT were 87% and 85% respectively. Conclusions The plasma hs-CRP and Lp (a) levels of patients with acute ischemic stroke may provide some help for timely and accurate etiological typing.     

《金匮》重视脾胃思想浅释

本文从疾病的预防、治疗及病后调养三方面论述了医圣张仲景重视脾胃的观点:仲景对待疾病,重视预防,防病重点,在于脾胃。若已发病,则先护脾胃,视其正气盛衰而治,并创立了丰富的康复脾胃疗法。对其它脏腑之病,也多从脾胃论治。在药物的选择、配伍、用法、用量、服法、服药时机、服药时间及药后调护等方面,无不渗透着顾护脾胃,重视胃气的思想。对临床医师立法处方,治疗疾病有重大参考价值。     

基于Monaco的不同布野方式在左乳腺癌保乳术后调强放疗中的剂量学差异

目的 探讨Monaco计划系统中不同布野方式对左乳腺癌保乳术后调强放疗剂量学的影响.方法 选取左乳腺癌保乳术后患者12例,采用Monaco计划系统,在相同的优化条件下每例患者分别设计单野双弧(1F2A)、两野双弧(2F2A)、动态调强(dMLC)3种计划,比较3种计划的靶区及危及器官剂量学参数.结果 3种计划的靶区剂量...     

脊柱骨折术前下肢深静脉血栓发生率及其危险因素分析

目的：探究脊柱骨折术前下肢深静脉血栓（deep vein thrombosis,DVT）的发生率,并分析其危险因素。方法：对2017年10月至2020年12月接受手术治疗的1 046例脊柱骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,包括年龄、性别、体质量指数、吸烟史、合并症、骨折至确诊DVT时间、入院时血液指标检测结果,其中并发症包括高血压、骨质疏松、糖尿病、冠心病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、贫血、肥胖、低钾血症、低钠血症、低蛋白血症、肾功能不全、脊髓损伤;入院时血液指标检测结果包括红细胞比容（hematocrit,HCT）,肌酐（creatinine,Cre）,甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）,高密度脂蛋白（high-density lipoprotein,HDL）,低密度脂蛋白（low-density lipoprotein,LDL）,D-二聚体（D-Dimer,D-D）,纤维蛋白（原）降解产物（fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products,FDP）,C-反应蛋白（C-reactive protein,CRP）。根据患者入院后至手术前下肢静脉超声结果是否诊断...     

留置双J管并发症发生原因及护理对策

[目的]分析留置双J管并发症发生原因，探讨其护理对策。[方法]对52例留置双J管病人出现的并发症进行分析，同时给予相应的护理。[结果]并发尿路刺激症状12例，腰痛16例，尿路感染15例，血尿18例，梗阻5例，移位3例，无尿外渗等。经对症处理后病人的并发症均消失。[结论]留置双J管可发生并发症，但是经过预防以及及时的处理可以得到控制。