载脂蛋白E基因多态性与高血压关系的研究进展

探讨载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性、膳食脂类、血脂、体质指数(BMI)对原发性高血压病的影响。为原发性高血压易患人群和普通人群的主要易患因素的早期预防、筛选、监测及制订早期的膳食干预措施提供理论依据。     

预防医学专业学生对某起突发公共卫生事件知晓情况的分析

目的 了解预防医学专业学生对突发公共卫生事件的知晓情况,分析学生对此类事件的敏感程度,了解学生对突发公共卫生事件的关注程度和理论联系实际、分析及解决问题的能力,为教学改革提供依据.方法 对某大学预防医学专业一年级~五年级423名本科生和公共卫生与预防医学各专业104名研究生有关手足口病的知晓情况等进行匿名问卷调查,问卷满分为20分.结果 全体学生平均得分仅为6.15±3.95分,其中,研究生平均得分为8.53±3.26分,高于本科生平均得分5.56±3.89分,本科生平均得分随着年级的升高而增加.学生对问卷中疾病病原体和传染源等问题的回答正确率很低.仅有2.1%的学生对发生较多死亡的病例考虑了3个及以上的原因.从权威的专业医学网站和专业学术期刊获取疫情信息的学生仅有1.9%.结论 预防医学专业学生对本次突发公共卫生事件不能全面知晓和进行综合分析,获取信息的途径十分有限,亟需进行教学改革,更新教学理念,加强学生综合能力的培养.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate preventive medical students' awareness for emergency public health event, to understand their attention extent to this event, their ability of linking theory with practice , analyzing and solving problems and to perform the teaching reform based on the findings of this study.Methods 423 undergraduates students of grade 1 to grade S and 104 postgraduates majoring in preventive medicine from an university were investigated by questionnaire anonymously. The total score of the questionnaire was 20. Results The average score of all the participants was 6.15 ±.95, and the postgraduates ' average score was 8. 53 ±3.26, significantly higher than that (5.56±.89) of the undergraduates'(P<0.001). The average score of the latter increased with grades, P<0.001. The corrective rates for most questions were low. Among all the participants, only 2. 1 percent considered three or more causes for having more death cases, only 1.9 percent obtained the information about the disease from the authoritative and professional medical websites and academic journals. Conclusions The preventive medical students were not aware of this emergency public health event completely and were not able to analyze it comprehensively. Moreover, the approaches to acquire the information were very limited. It is urgent to reform education system, renew educational thoughts and enhance the cultivation of contact between theory and practice capabilities.     

血尿酸对代谢综合征的预测作用研究

目的 探讨体检人群血尿酸(SUA)水平与代谢综合征(MS)及其因素的相互关系.方法 抽样选择2013年在某院体检者8 285例,进行体格测量和生化检查;根据MS诊断标准、性别、血高尿酸血症(HUA)水平进行分组,分析SUA水平与MS的相关性.结果 MS患者的年龄、BMI、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、空腹血糖(FPG)、三酰甘油(TG)和SUA明显高于非MS患者,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)明显低于非MS组.男性MS发病率高于女性.随着MS因素的增加,SUA水平总体呈升高趋势;多元逐步回归分析,BMI、DBP、TG与SUA呈正相关,HDLC与SUA呈负相关,回归方程为Y=-2.135+0,066X1+0.010X2+0.155X3-0.379X4;HUA患者MS检出率高于非HUA患者;单因素Logistic回归分析,SUA水平与MS的发生明显相关(OR=1.007,95％CI 0.006～1.007,P＜0.05),SUA对MS的诊断价值,男女性曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.608(95％CI 0.582～0.634,P＜0.0t)、0.744(95％CI 0.705～0.783,P＜0.01),MS最佳临界诊断点分别为360.5、256.5,相对应的诊断灵敏度为46.49％、71.94％,特异度为69.94％、67.24％.结论 SUA水平与MS及其因素关系密切,SUA对MS预测作用较好.     

人肺癌组织中富含酪氨酸61和结缔组织生长因子的表达

目的:研究人肺癌组织中富含酪氨酸61(CYR61)和结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)的基因表达及其与临床参数的关系.方法:采用实时定量PCR及免疫组织化学技术对60例肺癌患者的肺癌组织和癌旁正常肺组织CYR61和CTGF基因mRNA表达水平和蛋白表达进行测定,并分析二者的表达与临床参数的关系.结果:肺癌组织中CYR61和CTGF mRNA表达水平和蛋白阳性表达率均低于癌旁正常组织(P均＜0.05).肺癌组织中CYR61和CTGF mRNA的表达水平与患者的病理类型、病理分级、淋巴结转移、吸烟及家族史等临床参数有关(P＜0.05);肺癌组织中CYR61和CTGF mRNA表达水平呈正相关(r=0.604;P=0.000).多元回归分析:病理类型和年龄对CYR61表达有重要影响,肿瘤的位置、CYR61表达和性别对肺癌组织中的CTGF表达有重要影响.结论:CYR61和CTGF单种基因或两者相互作用对肺癌的发展起重要作用,其表达的蛋白产物可作为临床干预治疗的重要靶蛋白.     

预防医学本科学生综合素质现况调查

为了解预防医学专业本科学生综合素质现状,推进预防医学教学改革提供科学依据.本调查采用整群抽样的方法,应用自填问卷的调查方式,对一所综合大学预防专业本科学生的身心素质、学习素质和情感发展素质进行现况调查.调查结果显示,学生综合素质总体情况均在标准范围内,但大部分学生的外向度和自信心存在不足有待加强.提高预防医学本科学生素质,应结合预防医学特点,改革教育和教学方法,转变教育观念,加强社会实践和职业生涯教育.     

大学生突发公共卫生事件相关知识、态度和行为

目的探讨大学生对突发公共卫生事件的知信行状况及其关系。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,对河南省郑州大学不同专业和年级1 195名大学生进行突发公共卫生事件知信行状况的调查。结果在校大学生突发公共卫生事件相关知识平均得分为(74.63±12.27)分,各组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);面对突发公共卫生事件时,抑郁、神经衰弱、恐惧、焦虑和疑病得分分别为(0.53±0.60)、(0.49±0.56)、(0.70±0.53)、(0.32±0.49)和(0.51±0.62)分;积极和消极应对方式得分分别为(1.94±0.54)和(1.16±0.56)分;突发公共卫生事件相关知识与态度呈负相关(r=-0.408,P<0.01),与积极应对方式呈正相关(r=0.364,P<0.01),态度与积极应对呈负相关(r=-0.812,P<0.01),与消极应对呈正相关(r=0.860,P<0.01)。结论大学生对突发公共卫生事件知晓率较低,知识与态度和行为密切相关;在对大学生进行健康教育时,要注意其态度和行为转变。     

医务人员心理健康状况与人格特征关系

目的了解医务人员的心理健康状况及其与人格特征的关系,为更好地开展医务人员的心理健康干预提供参考依据。方法采用心理健康状况测量量表(Kessler10)和艾森克人格问卷简式量表中文版(EPQ-RSC)对某市市级医院的1 298名医务人员(医生540例,护士758例)进行调查。结果医生的神经质维度得分低于护士(P<0.05),男性医务人员的精神质得分高于女性医务人员(P<0.01),研究生学历医务人员的K10得分高于其他学历组(P<0.05),不同值夜班情况的医务人员在K10分值、精神质和神经质维度上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),医务人员每天与病人的接触时间不同在K10分值得分上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),不同人格类型医务人员的K10分值得分的差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),K10分值与精神质(r=0.210,P<0.001)及神经质(r=0.567,P<0.001)两个维度存在显著的正相关,与内外倾向性(r=-0.200,P<0.001)存在显著的负相关。结论护士、男性和高学历的医务人员的心理健康状况较差,频繁值夜班及与病人的接触时间长的医务人员的情绪较低落,内向不稳的医务人员患心理疾患的危险性最高,医务人员的性格越外向、情绪越稳定、精神质的倾向性越小,患心理疾患的危险性越低。     

豫北某寄宿制学校中学生膳食营养状况调查

目的了解寄宿制中学生的膳食结构及存在的问题,为学校膳食健康教育提供依据。方法对豫北某寄宿制中学1 256名住校学生进行连续3 d的膳食调查,根据《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量表(DR Is)》和《中国居民膳食指南及平衡膳食宝塔》(2007)作出评价。结果学生营养摄入情况不理想,男生每人每日能量摄入量为(8 029.3±3 095.2)kJ,女生为(7 156.6±2 986.5)kJ;三餐的能量构成比为2∶4∶2,早餐摄入量较低,零食占据比例较高;营养素摄入量中,维生素A和钙严重不足,蛋白质、维生素C和铁的摄入量均低于推荐摄入量;食物种类中,果蔬类、鱼虾类、奶类和大豆类摄入不足。结论中学生膳食结构不合理。应加强营养知识教育,按膳食指南和平衡膳食宝塔的要求合理安排膳食。     

预防医学本科专业实习现况及影响因素研究

目的 分析当前预防医学本科生实践教学的现况及关键制约因素,为公共卫生与预防医学人才培养提供依据.方法 采用问卷调查,收集郑州大学公共卫生学院2013届、2014届及2019届在校外进行专业实习的本科毕业生及相关实习单位的实习生带教导师对实践教学现况及建议等信息.结果 调查学生106人,带教导师116人.63％～79％的...     

预防医学专业学生对某起突发公共卫生事件知晓情况的分析

Objective To investigate preventive medical students' awareness for emergency public health event, to understand their attention extent to this event, their ability of linking theory with practice , analyzing and solving problems and to perform the teaching reform based on the findings of this study.Methods 423 undergraduates students of grade 1 to grade S and 104 postgraduates majoring in preventive medicine from an university were investigated by questionnaire anonymously. The total score of the questionnaire was 20. Results The average score of all the participants was 6.15 ±.95, and the postgraduates ' average score was 8. 53 ±3.26, significantly higher than that (5.56±.89) of the undergraduates'(P<0.001). The average score of the latter increased with grades, P<0.001. The corrective rates for most questions were low. Among all the participants, only 2. 1 percent considered three or more causes for having more death cases, only 1.9 percent obtained the information about the disease from the authoritative and professional medical websites and academic journals. Conclusions The preventive medical students were not aware of this emergency public health event completely and were not able to analyze it comprehensively. Moreover, the approaches to acquire the information were very limited. It is urgent to reform education system, renew educational thoughts and enhance the cultivation of contact between theory and practice capabilities.