不同致伤时间所致大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤创面自然愈合的病理学观察

为了探讨深Ⅱ度烫伤的愈合机理,采用８０℃６ｓ和１５ｓ水烫ＳＤ大鼠皮肤制备致深⒓度烫伤的动物模型,定期光镜观察创面自然愈合的情况。结果表明６ｓ烫伤组的局部微循环障碍程度较轻,烫后７ｄ真皮深部残留毛囊上皮增生并覆盖创面,烫后１４ｄ创面已基本愈合。１５ｓ伤组的局部微循环障碍明显,烫后７ｄ创面进行性加深,由深Ⅱ度向Ⅲ度度为,烫后１４ｄ痂下脓肿形成,创面未能愈合。结果提示,微循环障碍程度与致伤时间密切相关,     

急性重症胆管炎的救治体会

目的：探讨急性重症胆管炎的有效治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析１５４例急性重症胆管炎（ＡＣＳＴ）的临床资料。结果：单纯胆总管外引流术９２例,死亡１０例（１０．９％）;胆总管外引流附加胆囊造瘘或胆囊切除或肝脓肿引流术共３２例,死亡６例（１８．８％）;胆道内引流术３０例（胆肠吻合２４例,奥狄括约肌切开成形术６例）,死亡８例（２６．７％）。全组治愈１３０例,死亡２４例,总病死率为１５．６％。结论：ＡＣＳＴ诊断明确后及早手术是提高疗效的关键,手术方式的选择以简单、有效为原则,积极防治休克和多器官功能衰竭是改善预后的重要措施。     

临产时初产妇胎头浮动对分娩的影响

目的 了解临产时初产妇胎头浮动发生因素及对分娩的影响,探讨产时如何采取合理措施,有利分娩。方法 采用回顾性资料分析方法,对１９９９年１月至２０００年４月在我院分娩的临产时初产妇胎头浮动孕妇１５０例的临床资料进行分析。并与随机抽样同期分娩单胎头位初产妇临产时胎头入盆１７０例孕妇进行比较。结果 临产时初产妇胎头浮动的原因除可知因素外,另有许多病例未查出明显原因。其手术产率较入盆组明显升高。结论 临产时     

慢性光化性皮炎的病因诊断及治疗

目的;探讨慢性光化性皮炎（ＣＡＤ）的病因,诊断及治疗,方法：查阅文献,对引起ＣＡＤ的光敏物、发病机理及治疗进行分析,结果：约１１％的ＣＡＤ患者有光敏物接触史;６２％光敏性隐匿;２７％有慢性皮炎病史;结论：ＣＡＤ发病与光变态反应有关,避光治疗有效。     

Formaldehyde and cancer morbidity among male employees in Denmark

Formaldehyde, a genotoxic and potent animal carcinogen, is widespread in the working environment as well as in private homes. The risk for cancer morbidity in Denmark during 1970–84 was estimated from standardized proportionate incidence ratios (SPIR) among men whose longest employment had been held since 1964, at least 10 years before diagnosis, in 265 companies in which exposure to formaldehyde was identified. The results do not support the hypothesis that formaldehyde is associated with lung cancer (SPIR=1.0,410 cases). Significantly elevated risks were found for cancers of the colon (SPIR=1.2,166 cases), kidney (SPIR=1.3,60 cases), and sino-nasal cavities (SPIR=2.3,13 cases). For sino-nasal cancer, a relative risk of 3.0 (95 percent confidence interval=1.4–5.7) was found among blue-collar workers with no probable exposure to wood dust, the major confounder. This study provides further evidence that occupational exposure to formaldehyde increases the risk for sino-nasal cancer.     

In vitro effect of r-verapamil on acute myelogenous leukemia blast cells: studies of cytokine secretion and cytokine-dependent blast proliferation

The in vitro effect of the dextroisomer r-verapamil on blast cells derived from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) was studied. R-verapamil caused a dose-dependent inhibition of AML blast proliferation in the presence of stem-cell factor, leukemia inhibitory factor, interleukin 4, interleukin 6, and interleukin 10 when these cytokines were tested both alone and in different combinations. R-verapamil also inhibited the growth of clonogenic AML blast cells. The antiproliferative effect was not specific for AML blast cells, because r-verapamil also inhibited cytokine-dependent proliferation of blast cells derived from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The inhibitory effects of r-verapamil and anti-IL1 serum were additive, suggesting that the antiproliferative effect of r-verapamil does not depend solely on inhibition of IL1-mediated effects. Although r-verapamil inhibited spontaneous AML blast proliferation, for a majority of patients it caused only minimal, if any, inhibition of spontaneous cytokine secretion (IL1, IL1, TNF, IL6) by AML blast cells. Thus, although inhibition of IL1 effects may contribute in certain patients to the antiproliferative effect of r-verapamil, mechanisms other than IL1 inhibition seem to be more important in mediating the effects of r-verapamil.Abbreviations ALL Acute lymphocytic leukemia - AML acute myelogenous leukemia - cpm counts per minute - ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - G-CSF granulocyte colony-stimulating factor - GM-CSF granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor - IL interleukin - IF leukemia inhibitory factor - PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells - RR relative response - SCF stem cell factor - TNF tumor necrosis factor      

Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites by high-pressure liquid chromatography after purification on immunoaffinity columns in urine from occupationally exposed workers

Objective: The objective in our study was to quantitate benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) metabolites by a combination of immunoaffinity chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection in urine from workers exposed to high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Furthermore, by the simultaneous quantitation of 1-hydroxypyrene, the correlation between the B[a]P-tetrol and 1-hydroxypyrene would provide a means of evaluating the validity of 1-hydroxypyrene as a surrogate biomarker for occupational exposure to the potent carcinogen B[a]P in an electrode paste plant. Methods: The study was carried out at an electrode paste plant that produces electrode paste for Söderberg electrodes. A total of 34 pre- and post-shift urine samples and 17 personal air samples were collected from 17 workers during a normal work week. The concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene was measured in all urine samples. A recent method of quantitating B[a]P-r-7, t-8, t-9, c-10-tetrol in urine of humans exposed to low levels of PAH has been described. A modified version of this method involving purification of urine samples on immunoaffinity columns and HPLC analysis with fluorescence detection was used on urine samples from workers exposed to high levels of PAH. A monoclonal antibody (8E11) with binding affinity to B[a]P-tetrols was used. This antibody also binds several PAH-DNA adducts and metabolites, including 1-hydroxypyrene. Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) was also used for identification of metabolites isolated by HPLC fractionation. Results: From personal air sampling the mean exposure to particulate PAHs was 38?μg/m³. The mean concentration of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene was 3.9?μmol/mol creatinine in preshift samples and 10.2?μmol/mol creatinine in postshift samples. We could not identify detectable amounts of urinary B[a]P-tetrol by HPLC or fluorescence spectroscopy after purification on immunoaffinity columns. However, in the HPLC analysis we identified several hydroxyphenantrene metabolites that were detected at relatively high concentrations in all of the workers' urine samples. We could not separate 2- and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene (2?+?3-OH-Phe) in peak 1, and peak 2 contained both 1- and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (1?+?9-OH-Phe). The phenanthrene metabolites were mainly conjugated to glucuronic acid and sulfate. There was a significant correlation between the 1-hydroxypyrene concentration and 2?+?3-OH-Phe (r?=?0.73) and 1?+?9-OH-Phe (r?=?0.64) in the urine samples. 1-Hydroxypyrene was measured in all post-shift urine samples but was not significantly correlated with workplace pyrene exposure, indicating that skin exposure is an important route of pyrene exposure in this factory. As with 1-hydroxypyrene, dermal PAH uptake may also account for the poor correlation between 2?+?3- and 1?+?9-OH-Phe and ambient phenanthrene. Discussion: Since dermal uptake is likely to be important in occupational PAH exposure in addition to inhalation, estimation of total PAH exposure is best achieved by quantitation of PAHs excreted into body fluids. However, it remains unclear whether there might be a difference in uptake and urinary excretion of 3-ring, 4-ring, or 5-ring PAHs and in the correlation between these metabolites and ambient-air PAH measurements. In summary, using immunaffinity chromatography, we did not find detectable amounts of B[a]P-tetrol in urine from workers occupationally exposed to PAH. However, by an HPLC/immunoaffinity method, relatively high amounts of 1-hydroxypyrene as well as 2?+?3- and 1?+?9-OH-Phe were quantitated in the urine samples, both of which are relevant as biomarkers of PAH exposure.     

53所托幼园所卫生保健状况调查

为对我区托幼园所卫生保健工作的进一步开展提供参考,本文对和平区53所托幼园所的卫生保健工作状况进行了调查。结果表明,和平区集体托幼卫生保健工作较好地达到了卫生部颁布的“托儿所、幼儿园卫生保健制度“规定的标准。总结出坚持“五化”管理,抓好全区集体托幼卫生保健工作的经验,同时找出了存在的问题,提出了加强基础管理的对策。     

Chronic treatment with epidermal growth factor stimulates growth of the urinary tract in the rat

Twenty-four male Wistar rats, 8 weeks old, were allocated into three groups and treated with human recombinant epidermal growth factor (EGF) administered subcutancously in doses of 0, 30, and 150 g/kg per day for 4 weeks. Blood sampling was done every 2nd week and urine sampling was done for 2 consecutive days every week. The most striking finding was that the ureters were dose dependently enlarged, due to growth of all layers of the ureteric wall. The urothelium of the bladder showed considerable hyperplasticity with a widening of the basal proliferative compartment and a normal differentiation pattern as observed by the expression of carbohydrate epitopes, characterized with lectinohistochemistry. Blood examination revealed a decrease in blood haemoglobin concentration and a slight increase in serum creatinine concentration in the high-dose group. There were no effects of EGF on the urinary excretion of electrolytes, proteins, and endogenous EGF.     

POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF INOSITOL-LIPID METABOLISM IN MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA

-Adrenoceptor stimulation may induce malignant hyperthermia(MH) in vivo. Consequently, we have investigated the effectsof the -adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine and, for comparison,the effects of the ß-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenolon inositol-lipid metabolism of malignant hyperthermia susceptible(MHS) and healthy control (MHN) swine. The experiments wereperformed on electrically stimulated (frequency 0.2 Hz) trabeculaeisolated from the right ventricles of the hearts of MHS andMHN animals. After labelling with [³H] inositol for 6 h, differentinositol phosphates were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography,including inositol 1 - phosphate, inositol 1,4-bisphosphate,inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (1,4,5-IP₃)and inositol 1,3,4,5 - tetrakisphosphate. After stimulationwith isoproterenol, the inositol phosphate content did not increaseor vary between muscle from MHS and MHN animals. In contrast,all inositol phosphates increased after stimulation with phenylephrinein both muscle types, the effects being greater in MHS thanin MHN, especially as regards 1,4,5-IP₃ content. As 1,4,5-IP₃,a presumed second messenger, has been shown to mobilize intracellularcalcium, it is concluded that an enhanced -adrenergic responseis involved in the development of MH. ^*Address for correspondence: Abteilung für Anästhesiologie,Universitäts-Krankenhaus Eppendorf, Martinistrasse52, D-2000Hamburg 20, Germany. Presented in part at the 1989 Meeting of the European Academyof Anaesthesiology in Bonn.