北京、广州、上海城市居民营养知识、态度、行为的调查

对北京、广州和上海三大城市随机抽取的９６５名年龄在２０～５０岁的城市居民进行有关营养知识、态度和行为（Ｋ－Ａ－Ｐ）的调查。结果显示，三地区调查对象的营养知识水平不高。营养知识的得分与其自身受教育程度有相关性（ｒ＝０．３０１１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。年龄在３５岁以上的对象，营养知识的得分高于年轻人；三地区调查对象对营养知识的获取，合理的膳食模式，卫生的饮食习惯均持有积极、肯定的态度。食物消费频度调查结果表明，米／面、肉／禽、蔬菜、水果、奶及奶制品的消费量较高。此外，８９．５％，７８．８％和４７．８％的调查对象分别选择报纸、电视、广播作为其主要营养信息来源。本次调查为将来的营养宣教的内容和方法提供依据。     

移植肾破裂的处理

目的　提高移植肾破裂的防治水平。方法　 6例移植肾破裂 ,手术前 2例 ,手术后 4例。 2例术前供肾破裂 ,采用切开移植肾破裂处包膜 +裂口内明胶海绵填塞 +肠线修补 +肠线编织肾袋收缩保护移植肾。 1例术后移植肾破裂早期 ,出血少 ,针对顽固性高血压采用“硝普钠”降压 ,配合常规抗排斥药物。 3例术后移植肾破裂出血量估计超过 10 0 0ml者 ,采用手术延长移植肾破裂处包膜 +裂口内明胶海绵填塞 +肠线修补 +肠线编织肾袋收缩保护移植肾。结果　 ( 1)手术前 2例手术后 4例 ,采用切开或者延长移植肾破裂处包膜 +裂口内明胶海绵填塞 +肠线修补 +肠线编织肾袋收缩保护移植肾并配合“硝普钠”降压的方法处理 ,均未再破裂出血 ,移植肾功能恢复良好。 ( 2 ) 1例术后移植肾破裂早期的患者 ,针对顽固性高血压采用“硝普钠”降压 ,配合常规抗排斥药物 ,非手术治疗成功。结论　 ( 1)采用手术切开或延长移植肾破裂处包膜 +裂口内明胶海绵填塞 +肠线修补 +肠线编织肾袋收缩保护移植肾可以有效治疗移植肾破裂。 ( 2 )移植肾破裂出血少的情况下 ,可以在密切观察下非手术治疗     

前列腺癌去雄激素治疗不良反应的预防和处理

目的观察去雄激素治疗前列腺癌的不良反应,并探讨其预防和治疗。方法回顾性分析1998年7月-2006年1月112例去雄激素治疗晚期前列腺癌的临床资料。结果112例患者中,97例完成了不良反应的调查。随访3-36月,去雄激素治疗后潮热、性功能障碍、病理性骨折发生率分别为46％、75％、4％;患者潮热、精神疲乏、四肢乏力、纳差症状明显加重(P<0．05);性功能明显减退(P<0．05)。12例潮热症状严重者使用抗抑郁药博乐欣(25mg,tid)1-2周症状减轻。7例有骨转移性疼痛或严重骨质疏松患者,应用唑来膦酸4mg静脉滴注,每45d一次,骨痛症状缓解。结论去雄激素对前列腺癌患者生活质量有一定影响。博乐欣可减轻患者潮热症状,唑来膦酸可预防和治疗去雄激素相关的骨质疏松并发症。     

Reactivity of hydroxybenzoic acids in the hydrogen-isotope exchange reaction.

The hydrogen-isotope exchange reaction (T-for-H exchange reaction) between tritiated water vapor (HTO vapor) and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (and it's analog; 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid) were observed at 50 and 70 degrees C in a gas-solid system to reveal the reactivity of a functional group in an aromatic compound having two substituents in the aromatic ring. Further, it was shown that (a) the reactivity of the compounds used in this work follows the Hammett's rule, and (b) the reactivity of trisubstituted aromatic compound could be analyzed by applying the additive property of the Hammett's rule even if the compound contains a substituent at the ortho-position.     

关于课堂多媒体教学的思考

多媒体教学已成为课堂教学的一种常用手段，多媒体教学应从实际需要出发，以提高教学效果为目标；需要教师掌握多种计算机及多媒体知识技能，科学地进行教学设计；教学过程中应发挥多媒体的优势，注重师生交流。对此本文进行了探讨。     

Innervation of the trapezius muscle: is cervical contribution important to its function?

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of the cervical plexus and the accessory nerve to the function of the trapezius muscle. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Eighteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. The neurotomies were performed in the left sides and the right sides served as within-subject controls. In group A, the accessory nerve was transected. The C2-5 were transected in group B, and both of the accessory nerve and C2-5 were cut in group C. The electrophysiologic, myophysiologic, and histologic changes of the muscles were measured. RESULTS: There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the three groups in the recovery rates of the transverse area of the muscles. The CMAP recorded from the experimental sides in group B were similar to the control sides. The values of the maximum tension of the tetanus contraction between the two sides showed no differences either (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The accessory nerve supplies the most important motor input to the trapezius. Motor innervations of the cervical plexus are not very significant.     

Loss of cables, a novel gene on chromosome 18q, in ovarian cancer.

Cables, a cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) interacting protein, has recently been identified and mapped to human chromosome 18q11. Cables appears to be primarily involved in cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation. Overexpression of Cables in Hela and other cell lines inhibits cell proliferation and tumor formation. We hypothesize that loss of Cables expression is associated with ovarian cancer. To test our hypothesis, we examined Cables expression in the four most common subtypes of ovarian carcinomas: serous, endometrioid, mucinous, and clear cell. In addition, mucinous and serous borderline tumors were also included. Loss of Cables expression was observed at high frequency in ovarian serous (11 of 14 cases, 79%) and endometrioid (5 of 10 cases, 50%) carcinomas. In contrast, strong Cables staining was detected in all clear cell carcinomas (10 cases) and mucinous tumors (5 carcinomas and 5 borderline tumors). The majority of serous borderline tumors (11 of 14 cases, 79%) showed positive Cables staining, with the rest showing focal loss of Cables expression. Furthermore, RT-PCR revealed the lack of Cables mRNA in a human ovarian cancer xenograft. No correlation was noted between loss of Cables and histologic grade, tumor stage, and survival. In conclusion, our results indicate that loss of Cables is common in ovarian serous and endometrioid carcinomas and imply that Cables may be involved in the pathogenesis of these two types of ovarian carcinomas.     

抗人生长激素免疫血清的制备和鉴定

Using small dosage of human growth hormone to immunize rabbit or guinea pig, it is able to induce anti-hGH antibody formation with high titre and high affinity that could be applied to hGH RIA. In the present study five rabbits and three guinea pigs were immunized with 125-200 micrograms and 250-285 micrograms per animal of hGH respectively, followed by boosters of 10-20 or 160-250 micrograms of hGH at 2-4 week intervals for 6 or 3 months. Blood was drown 1-2 weeks before each booster for determination of antibody formation. Antibody titre and affinity were successively observed and specificity of antibody was determined for the final bleeding. It was shown that titres of immune sera from guinea pigs were much higher than those of rabbit immune sera, but vice versa for antibody affinity. This might be due to larger immunogen dose used for guinea pigs than for rabbits. Fourteen different peptide hormones were tested in reference to cross-immunoreactivity to anti-hGH antibody. It could be demonstrated that the major cross-reactive hormones are hFSH and hLH, and hTSH also reacts to rabbit anti-hGH immune sera at a lesser degree. These cross reactivities are obviously owing to the molecular homogeneities between hGH and these hormones especially of their alpha-subunits.     

RGPCL矫正60例中低度近视的初步观察

目的评价高透氧性硬性角膜接触镜(RGPCL)矫正控制中低度近视屈光不正的效果。方法采用RGPCL矫正120眼中低度近视性屈光不正,统计矫正后当天、1年时近视屈光度、散光度的变化。结果观察组的近视度和散光度随戴镜时间延长相对稳定。结论RGPCL对中低近视的度数控制有效。