经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术联合髂内动脉栓塞化疗治疗膀胱癌

目的评价髂内动脉栓塞化疗配合经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术(TURBt)治疗膀胱癌的临床效果。方法将经TURBt且病理证实的50例膀胱癌患者分为术前栓塞组(22例)和单纯手术组(28例)。术前栓塞组经髂内动脉栓塞化疗后2~5d内接受手术。结果术前栓塞组在栓塞后至手术前血尿即减轻或消失,术中出血减少,膀胱镜检查发现肿瘤缩小,肿瘤及周围组织有散在的陈旧性出血与小血管内血栓形成,肿瘤表面坏死。1年内的复发率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),3年内的复发率为9.09%,明显低于单纯手术组(32.14%),副作用比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论术前髂内动脉栓塞化疗可缩小膀胱癌病灶,降低复发率,提高生存率,操作简单,安全有效。     

化疗联合中药治疗在结直肠癌术后的临床效果观察

目的：观察化疗联合中药治疗在结直肠癌术后的临床效果。方法2012年9月~2014年9月,将60例结直肠癌术后患者随机分为两组,中药组(30例)采用FOLFOX6化疗方案联合中药,对照组(30例)单纯FOLFOX6化疗方案。比较两组的中医证候疗效、中医症状积分、不良反应情况、血清癌胚抗原(CEA)和T细胞亚群。结果中药组、对照组的中医证候疗效总有效率分别为70.00豫、26.67豫,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后的中医症状积分分别为(8.36±3.81)、(15.40±4.90)分,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生情况的比较院中药组治疗后的RBC、PLT水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05);中药组治疗后的ALT、AST水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);两组的消化道毒性和神经毒性反应情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中药组治疗后的 CD4+较对照组明显升高,CD8+明显减低(P<0.05)。结论结直肠癌术后化疗联合中药可以有效改善化疗引起的不良反应(骨髓抑制、消化道毒性和神经毒性反应),提高免疫力。     

A comparative clinical study of the effect of WeiniCom, a Chinese herbal compound, on alleviation of withdrawal symptoms and craving for heroin in detoxification treatment

WeiniCom is a Chinese herbal compound. The purposes of this double blind study were to evaluate (1) the efficacy of WeiniCom in reducing acute opioid withdrawal symptoms and craving, and (2) the side effects of WeiniCom, in each instance by comparing WeiniCom with buprenorphine, an established opioid detoxification treatment agent. Forty-two heroin addicts meeting the criteria of dependence in DSM-IV were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: a WeiniCom group (21 cases), and a buprenorphine group (21 cases). The Withdrawal Symptom Rating Scale and the Craving Rating Scale were employed to assess acute withdrawal symptoms and craving for heroin, and the Side Effects Rating Scale was used to measure side effects in the 14-treatment period. Both the WeiniCom and buprenorphine treatments are well-tolerated and very safe. Overall, the relief from opioid withdrawal symptoms and craving was better in the WeiniCom group than in the buprenorphine group. The rate of reduction in the severity of the withdrawal symptoms was faster in the WeiniCom group than in the buprenorphine group. By day nine to 10, the WeiniCom group showed very few withdrawal symptoms. In contrast, from day five on, the buprenorphine group continued to report relatively high scores for withdrawal symptoms and craving. WeiniCom demonstrated positive effects quickly, and required a shorter treatment period to achieve a desired degree of elimination of acute withdrawal symptoms and craving.     

支原体液体培养基质控菌生长分析

目的：摸索肺炎支原体在支原体肉汤培养基和口腔支原体在精氨酸支原体肉汤培养基中的生长规律,比较不同密闭方式对支原体液体培养基灵敏度的影响,同时考察液体培养基基础的有效期。方法：采用变色单位试验法测试肺炎支原体和口腔支原体在相应液体培养基不同培养时间段的颜色变化单位(CCU),并绘制生长曲线。使用3种不同密闭方式的器具制备液体培养基并检测灵敏度。测试液体培养基基础存放0、15、30、60和90天的灵敏度。结果：使用3种不同密闭方式培养,支原体肉汤培养基和精氨酸支原体肉汤培养基灵敏度均达到109 CCU·mL^-1。支原体肉汤基础和精氨酸支原体肉汤基础存放于2～8℃有效期为90天。结论：本试验为支原体液体培养基灵敏度的检查和研究提供依据。     

建立中药材盲样检验机制 有效预防以权谋私

从建立管理制度、完善工作程序、编制作业文件、加强运行监督等方面介绍了药品检验机构新近运行的中药材盲样检验机制,详细介绍了中药材盲样检验工作流程,对中药材盲样检验机制在药品检验机构廉政建设中有效预防以权谋私的作用进行了简要论述。     

菟丝子对D-半乳糖所致衰老模型小鼠红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 :观察菟丝子对 D-半乳糖所致衰老模型小鼠红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法 :采用 D-半乳糖所致衰老模型小鼠 ,灌服菟丝子水煎剂 30 d,测定红细胞 C3b受体花环率 (RBC- C3b RR)及免疫复合物花环率 (RBC- ICR)。结果 :菟丝子水煎剂能提高小鼠 RBC- C3b RR(P <0 .0 5 ) ,使小鼠 RBC- ICR降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :中药菟丝子明显增强衰老模型小鼠的红细胞免疫功能 ,具有延缓衰老作用     

A natural lipopeptide of surfactin for oral delivery of insulin

Abstract

Surfactin, a natural lipopeptide produced by Bacillus, is gaining attention for potentially biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Here, surfactin was assayed for oral delivery of insulin (INS) by its ability to bind to and promote protein to penetrate through the cell membrane. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, surfactin was found to form co-precipitates with INS to protect it from acidic and enzymatic attack in the gastrointestinal tract. Further analysis by non-reductive electrophoresis showed surfactin could bind to INS forming heteropolymers. Analysis with circular dichroism, we found this binding significantly influenced the INS structure with decreased rigid α-helix and β-turn, but with increased flexible β-sheet and random coil. The change with more flexible structure was favorable for INS to penetrate through the cell membrane. Fluorescence spectra analysis also showed surfactin could lead Phe and Tyr in the inner of INS exposed outside, further promoting INS permeabilization by improving the hydrophobic-lipophilic interactions between INS and cell membrane. As a result, the effective permeability (Peff) of INS plus surfactin was 4.3 times of that of INS alone. In vivo assay showed oral INS with surfactin displayed excellent hypoglycemic effects with a relative bioavailability of 12.48% and 5.97% in diabetic mice and non-diabetic dogs, respectively. Summary, surfactin is potential for oral delivery of INS by its role as an effective protease inhibitor and permeability enhancer.     

某院抗癫痫药物使用现状及超说明书用药分析

目的：回顾性调查郑州儿童医院2 350例癫痫患儿抗癫痫药物使用情况,分析其超说明书用药现状,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法：选取2019年2月至2020年3月郑州儿童医院门诊收治的2 350例癫痫患儿,并对患儿一般资料、药物使用情况、超说明书用药情况进行统计分析。对超说明书用药影响因素进行单因素χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：2 350例癫痫患儿中,年龄35 d~17岁,各年龄段男性患儿均多于女性。涉及抗癫痫药物8种,使用率最高为丙戊酸钠,其次为左乙拉西坦和奥卡西平。联合用药处方412张（17.5%）。超说明书用药处方337张（14.3%）,超说明书用药医嘱363条（12.8%）,其中超给药年龄149条（5.2%）、超给药剂量164条（5.8%）、超给药频次74条（2.6%）。婴幼儿期超说明书用药发生率最高,超给药年龄是婴幼儿期超说明书用药主要类型。超说明书用药发生率由高到低的抗癫痫药物分别为奥卡西平口服液、托吡酯片、卡马西平片和左乙拉西坦片。单因素和多因素Logistic分析显示,年龄、性别和用药品种数是超说明书用药的独立影响因素。结论：癫痫患儿用药基本遵循“首选单药治疗”原则。我院超说明书用药现象较普遍,主要发生于婴幼儿时期,以超给药年龄为主,在奥卡西平、托吡酯等新型抗癫痫药物中较常见。低龄男性患儿采用联合用药方案更易发生超说明书用药。     

儿科应用氨基糖苷类抗菌药物研究进展

目的：了解我院儿童药品不良反应（ADR）的规律及特点。方法：采用回顾性分析方法,统计我院2017-2018年收集的348例儿童ADR报告,分别从患儿性别与年龄、药品种类、发生时间、ADR累及系统/器官分布、临床转归等方面进行Pareto最优分析。结果：348例儿童ADR中,1~12岁患儿累计构成比为77.59%（A类因素）,抗感染药、心血管系统药、呼吸系统及抗肿瘤药引起的ADR累计构成比为77.87%（A类因素）;涉及的抗感染药主要为头孢菌素和大环内酯类（65.22%）,药品剂型主要为注射剂及粉针剂（77.59%）,给药途径主要为静脉滴注（67.24%）,发生ADR时间主要为用药后2 d内（79.60%）,累及系统/器官主要为皮肤及其附件和胃肠系统（77.78%）;临床转归主要为好转（62.07%）。结论：我院儿童ADR涉及的药品种类主要为抗感染药、心血管系统药、呼吸系统及抗肿瘤药,主要表现为皮肤及其附件损害和胃肠系统紊乱。在ADR监测时应重点关注1~12岁儿童,同时应掌握合理的用药方式、强化监护环节,尽可能减少ADR的发生,以确保儿童临床用药安全、有效。     

UPLC—MS／MS法同时测定消栓通络方中18种成分的含量

消栓通络方是临床应用广泛的中药复方制剂。本文建立了一种可同时检测该方剂中18种活性成分的超高效液相．串联四级杆质谱方法。采用多反应监测（MRM）模式测定,离子化方式选择ESI＋和NESI-。利用BEHC18（2．1mm×100mm,1．7μm）色谱柱进行分离,甲醇-0．1％甲酸溶液0．2mL／min梯度洗脱。18种活性成分测定的线性范围多在0．001-0．5μg／mL之间,r值在0．9896-9996之间：高、中、低3个水平日内、日问精密度RSD均〈15％;室温24h稳定性RSD〈15％。应用该方法对4种不同剂型的市售消栓通络方制剂18种活性成分进行了测定,结果显示该方法快速、准确、灵敏、重现性好,可用于消栓通络方制剂的质量控制。