老年血液透析患者不同超滤量状态下血压及心功能的观察与护理

目的:探讨老年尿毒症血液透析患者不同超滤量状态下对血压及心功能影响的观察与护理.方法:选取108名老年血液透析患者,接其超滤量小于2.5Kg或大于2.5Kg,设为A、B两组,透析时按干体重定超滤量,观察不同超滤量状态下对血压及心功能的影响,并分别进行针对性护理.结果:两组患者在透析前后血压及左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、射血分数(EF)有差异,P＜0.01.结论:老年患者对容量负荷耐受性差,超滤量大,容易有血压波动、心功能损害;针对性的护理可防范不良反应,减少心血管事件发生.     

评价喉部螺旋CT三维成像的临床应用价值

目的：研究喉部螺旋ＣＴ三维成像的临床应用价值。方法：１５例行喉部螺旋ＣＴ扫描。将容积扫描数据传送至ＧＥＳｕｎＳｐａｒｃ２０工作站,使用表面覆盖重建方法（ｓｈａｄｅｄｓｕｒｆａｃｅｄｉｓｐｌａｙ,ＳＳＤ）和内表面重建模式进行后处理,得到喉ＳＳＤ影像（ＳＳＤ－ｉｍ－ａｇｅ）和ＣＴ仿真喉镜（ＣＴｖｉｒｔｕａｌＬａｒｙｎｇｏｓｃｏｐｙＣＴＶＬ）。由两位放射科医生和一位耳鼻喉科医生分别对喉部螺旋ＣＴ轴位影像,喉ＳＳＤ影像,ＣＴ仿真喉镜（ＣＴＶＬ）的影像质量,提供诊断信息进行分析。结果：对喉部肿瘤的诊断,喉部螺旋ＣＴ轴位影像比三维成像提供更多的信息,但是,喉部三维成像直观地显示肿瘤侵犯上下范围,受到耳鼻喉科医生的高度评价。对于喉部炎症的诊断,ＣＴ仿真喉镜比ＣＴ轴位影像提供更多的信息。结论：将螺旋ＣＴ轴位影像,喉ＳＳＤ影像,ＣＴ仿真喉镜三种影像结合起来,可以提高诊断准确性,并且为临床提供更直观的影像,指导制定手术方案。     

自体半腱肌复合骨形态发生蛋白和同种异体骨重建前交叉韧带后腱-骨愈合的生物力学研究

目的研究骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)复合同种异体骨(DPB)对自体半腱肌肌腱重建前交叉韧带后腱-骨愈合的影响。方法取64只成年新西兰大白兔,分成4组,建立左侧膝前交叉韧带(ACL)完全断裂模型。重建ACL时,于股骨隧道内分别植入BMP结合DPB、BMP、DPB。结果术后3、6、12及24周BMP结合DPB腱-骨愈合及移植物抗拉强度大于其他各治疗组,P<0.05。结论缓释载体DPB能延长BMP作用时间,提高移植物生物力学特性,拮抗骨吸收因子的负面效应,促进腱-骨愈合。     

成人间充质干细胞体外成骨的初步研究

目的 建立一种分离和培养成人骨髓来源的间充质干细胞（MSCs）的方法,观察成人MSCs体外成骨潜能。方法 用Percoll分离液分离出骨髓中的单个核细胞,并在含10％胎牛血清的低糖DMEM培养液中培养。通过传代培养扩增MSCs。为促进成人MSCs体外成骨性分化,第5传代培养时加入成骨性添加剂,培养第4、12天分别用流式细胞仪分析成人MSCs表面分子的表达,并用碱性磷酸酶组化染色和Von Kossa染色。结果 成人MSCs是骨髓黏附细胞中有相应细胞表面蛋白表达和形态均的一细胞群。成骨性添加剂可作用于传代培养的成人MSCs,表现为培养皿表面有相互连接的结节状聚合体、碱酶染色阳性细胞数量增多、Von Kossa染色可见钙化的基质沉积。结论 所建立的成人MSCs的分离和培养条件可分选出骨髓黏附细胞中一组独特的细胞群,成人MSCs具有体外成骨潜能。     

Calpain inhibitor MDL-28170 reduces the functional and structural deterioration of corpus callosum following fluid percussion injury

It is known that calpain activation is involved in human traumatic brain injury (TBI) and that calpain inhibition can have neuroprotective effects on both gray matter and white matter injury of TBI models. However, the role of calpain activation in the corpus callosum remains unclear and requires elucidation given its potential clinical relevance. We evaluated the neuroprotective effects of calpain inhibitor MDL-28170 on corpus callosum function and structural destruction using a fluid percussion injury (FPI) model. The therapeutic time window for a single administration of MDL-28170 was up to 4 h post injury in protecting the corpus callosum structural integrity, and up to 30 min in protecting the axonal function evaluated 1 day following injury. When given 30 min prior injury, MDL-28170 showed neuroprotective effects that lasted up to 7 days. However, 30 min post injury administration of the drug afforded neuroprotection only up to 3 days. In contrast, two additional reinforcement injections at 24 and 48 h in addition to 30 min post FPI significantly protected both axonal function and structural integrity that lasted 14 days following FPI. Our data indicated that calpain inhibitor MDL-28170 is an effective neuroprotectant for axonal injury in corpus callosum following FPI with a therapeutic time window up to 4 hours. Although delayed treatment (2 or 4 h post FPI) was effective in protecting the axonal structure, the axons saved may not be as functional as normal fibers. Multiple drug administrations may be necessary for achieving a persisting effectiveness of this compound.     

大肠癌肝转移射频消融后局部复发影响因素的分析

目的 探讨射频消融（radiofrequency ablation,RFA）治疗大肠癌肝转移后局部肿瘤复发的风险因素。方法 回顾性研究213例347个肿瘤实施RFA治疗后局部复发的临床资料,对可能影响RFA局部治疗效果的临床因素进行统计学处理。结果 175例（82.2%）298个肿瘤（85.9%）得到CT或MRI随访资料。大肠癌肝转移灶RFA后肿瘤局部复发率为36.9%（110/298）,局部复发的平均时间为16.4月（2～57个月）。单因素分析显示肝脏转移灶的部位、大小和射频针类型与肿瘤射频后的局部复发相关（P值分别为P=0.000,P=0.021和P=0.026）,但Cox多因素分析则显示只有瘤大小和转移灶部位是大肠癌肝转移射频消融后局部复发的独立预后因素（χ^2=8.522,P=0.000;χ^2=1.321,P=0.022）。结论 肝脏肿瘤的大小和部位是RFA治疗效果的独立影响因素,正确的电极选择和布针是获得肿瘤完全坏死的关键。     

Absence of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in the donor organ reduces ischemia and reperfusion injury in a murine liver transplantation model.

This study analyzes how toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in the donor organ affects the ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) sequel following liver transplantation. Isogenic orthotopic liver transplantations (OLTs) with rearterialization were performed in groups of wild-type (WT) and TLR4 knockout (KO) mice after donor liver preservation in University of Wisconsin solution at 4 degrees C for 24 hours. Unlike WT OLTs, TLR4-deficient OLTs transplanted to either WT or TLR4 KO recipients suffered significantly less hepatocellular damage, as evidenced by serum alanine aminotransferase levels, and histological Suzuki's grading of liver IRI. Disruption of TLR4 signaling in OLTs decreased local neutrophil sequestration, CD4+ T cell infiltration, interferon (IFN)-gamma-inducible protein 10 (CXCL10) and an intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-2, and IFN-gamma, yet increased IL-4 and IL-10 expression. The well-functioning OLTs from TLR4 KO donors revealed attenuated activity of capase-3, and enhanced heme oygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, along with decreased levels of apoptotic endothelial cells/hepatocytes, as compared with WT OLTs with intact TLR4 signaling. Thus, the functional sentinel TLR4 complex in the donor organ plays a key role in the mechanism of hepatic IRI after OLT. Disruption of TLR4 pathway downregulated the early proinflammatory responses and ameliorated hepatic IRI. These results provide the rationale to locally modify innate TLR4 signaling in the donor organ to more efficiently control the adaptive posttransplantation IRI-dependent responses.     

Steroids combined with levothyroxine to treat children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a retrospective single-center study

Background

The clinical efficacy and safety of low-dose levothyroxine in the treatment of idiopathic nephritic syndrome accompanied by thyroid dysfunction have not been established.

Methods

One hundred and sixty-four patients were divided into three groups according to the levels of thyroid hormone and treatment. The thyroid status, efficacy and adverse reactions of thyroid treatment were observed in each group.

Results

Thyroid dysfunction was found in 73 patients. 40 cases were treated with steroids combined with levothyroxine. Proteinuria, cholesterol and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were significantly higher in patients with thyroid dysfunction, whereas serum albumin and free and total T3 and T4 levels were lower than those of euthyroid patients. The time for proteinuria remission in patients receiving levothyroxine therapy was shorter and their serum albumin higher than for patients without levothyroxine treatment.

Conclusions

Thyroid hormonal changes are related to the degree of both proteinuria and serum albumin in patients with INS. Combined treatment with low-dose levothyroxine supplementation and steroids in children with INS and thyroid dysfunction is associated with reduced proteinuria and increased plasma albumin compared with patients treated with steroids only.     

DNA Methylation Profiling Identifies EYA4 Gene as a Prognostic Molecular Marker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background

DNA hypermethylation plays important roles in carcinogenesis by silencing key genes. This study aims to identify pivotal genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by DNA methylation microarray and to assess their prognostic values.

Materials and Methods

DNA methylation microarray was performed in 45 pairs of HCC and adjacent nontumorous tissues and six normal liver tissues to identify hypermethylated genes in HCC. Potential prognosis-related genes were selected among hypermethylated genes by analyzing influences of methylation levels on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in 45 patients. Their prognostic values were validated in 154 patients with HCC (including the initial 45 patients) to determine the independent prognostic gene.

Results

Altogether, 54 CpG islands in 44 genes were hypermethylated in HCC compared with liver tissues. Among them, methylation levels of ERG and HOXA11 were inversely associated with DFS (both P < 0.050), and methylation levels of EYA4 were inversely related to DFS and OS (both P < 0.050). EYA4 expression was inversely related to tumor size (P < 0.050). Lower EYA4 expression and larger tumor size were independent predictors of both shorter DFS and OS, and higher Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging was an independent predictor of shorter OS (all P < 0.050).

Conclusions

EYA4 functions as a prognostic molecular marker in HCC. Its aberrant hypermethylation and subsequent down-regulation may promote tumor progression.     

Clinical Applications of 3‐Dimensional Printing Technology in Hip Joint

Three‐dimensional (3D) printing is a digital rapid prototyping technology based on a discrete and heap‐forming principle. We identified 53 articles from PubMed by searching “Hip” and “Printing, Three‐Dimensional”; 52 of the articles were published from 2015 onwards and were, therefore, initially considered and discussed. Clinical application of the 3D printing technique in the hip joint mainly includes three aspects: a 3D‐printed bony 1:1 scale model, a custom prosthesis, and patient‐specific instruments (PSI). Compared with 2‐dimensional image, the shape of bone can be obtained more directly from a 1:1 scale model, which may be beneficial for preoperative evaluation and surgical planning. Custom prostheses can be devised on the basis of radiological images, to not only eliminate the fissure between the prosthesis and the patient's bone but also potentially resulting in the 3D‐printed prosthesis functioning better. As an alternative support to intraoperative computer navigation, PSI can anchor to a specially appointed position on the patient's bone to make accurate bone cuts during surgery following a precise design preoperatively. The 3D printing technique could improve the surgeon's efficiency in the operating room, shorten operative times, and reduce exposure to radiation. Well known for its customization, 3D printing technology presents new potential for treating complex hip joint disease.