Progressive decrease of proinsulin secretion in sulphonylurea-treated type 2 diabetes

Progressive deterioration of beta-cell function is proposed as a disease-related factor of sulphonylurea (SU) failure in type 2 diabetes. If it gradually worsens over time then disease duration may mirror the progressive beta-cell deterioration. The aim of the present study is to assess whether or not disease duration is influential in remodelling the secretion pattern of insulin-like molecules and in glucose control of SU-treated type 2 diabetes. A research model is used to investigate proinsulin secreting capacity over time, using two groups of patients: i) disease duration <5 years (n=62), comprising SU responders (SUr; n=48) and SU failures (SUf; n=14); and ii) disease duration > or = 5 years (n= 37), comprising an SUr group (n=17) and an SUf group (n=20). Blood samples are taken at 0 h, 0.5 h 1 h, 2 h and 3 h during a standard oral glucose tolerance test and measured for glucose, total proinsulin (TPI), intact proinsulin (IPI) and specific insulin (SI) concentrations. Pairwise comparison of estimated marginal means of blood glucose, SI, IPI and TPI levels at each time point are carried out between groups and subgroups. (SUr vs. SUf). Homa insulin resistance index (IR index) is applied to analyse IR between the groups. It was found that patients with shorter disease duration had higher proinsulin (TPI and IPI) levels at all time points (P<0.05), together with a lower glucose level at 2 h and 3 h (P<0.05). Homa insulin index analysis showed no difference between the two groups (P=0.26). Results also showed that the SUr group had a significantly lower glucose level at Oh and 3h (P<0.05), although no significant difference in insulin and proinsulin levels was found between the SUr and SUf groups. In conclusion, proinsulin may play an important role in glucose control in SU-treated type 2 diabetes, but the effect is reduced in SUf patients.     

术前孤立性CRP升高与体外循环术后并发症的相关性

目的探讨无感染的、术前孤立性C-反应蛋白(CRP)增加,对于体外循环心脏术后的结果,是否有预测性价值。方法分术前孤立性CRP升高(10.5～70.2mg／L)50例(A组)与CRP正常(＜10mg／L)50例对照(B组),B组匹配A组在年龄、性别和疾病种类,两组均进行体外循环心脏手术。结果A组脓毒性并发症(20％)比对照组(2％)多(P＜0.01)。这些病人微生物学阳性仅10％。A组中需要儿茶酚胺支持的占28％,而B组仅12％(P＜0.05)。A组较B组术后需呼吸机支持的时间明显延长(25.2±6.2h比6.6±0.5h)(P＜0.01)、ICU滞留时间也较B组长(4.6±0.8d比2.6±0.3d)(P＜0.05)。结论术前孤立性CRP升高的病人,体外循环术后,发生脓毒性并发症的可能性明显增加。且大多数病例微生物学实验阴性,推测大多数脓毒性并发症是由于全身炎症反应综合征的原因。     

急性上尿路梗阻无尿80例诊治分析

目的：分析急性上尿路梗阻性无尿80例的诊断和治疗方法,以尽早诊断,及时治疗。方法：报告1989-1999年收治的急性上尿路梗阻性无尿患者80例,诊断依据为少尿以致无尿、水肿、血尿素氮和肌酐进行性增高,初步诊断首选腹部平片（KUB）和B超及肾图检查。结果：10例患者术前行血液透析,手术治疗53例,包括输尿管切开取石术18例,肾造瘘术20例,狭窄段输尿管切除膀胱再植8例,输尿管腹壁皮肤造口术7例,双“J”管内引流术27例,结论：本病病因,病情复杂多变,应采取不同的治疗措施。     

鼻咽癌放疗患者T细胞亚群测定的临床分析

目的探讨鼻咽癌(NPC)分期及放疗对免疫与肿瘤复发、转移及肿瘤退缩的相关性.方法每位病人放疗前及放疗后各测定T细胞亚群指标一次.结果早、晚期鼻咽癌放疗前后T细胞亚群相比,除早期鼻咽癌CD3下降无统计学意义外,余CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8下降;CD8升高均有统计学意义,晚期鼻咽癌的改变尤为突出,有极显著统计学意义(P＜0.001).放疗后肿瘤退缩与否的T细胞亚群测定无统计学意义.放疗后肿瘤有复发或转移者CD4、CD4/CD8下降有极显著统计学意义(P＜0.001).CD8升高有统计学意义.结论T细胞亚群指标的测定,对鼻咽癌患者的免疫功能状况,放疗对免疫功能的影响,对鼻咽癌放疗后复发及转移的可能性判断均有一定的临床意义.     

Analysis of the factors influencing the therapeutic effects of onychomycosis

From July 1 994to June 1 999,5 4 5 onychomyco-sis patients were treated with Itraconazole and com-pleted their treatment courses with complete follow-up in out- patientdepartment.The recovery rate was83.1 4% and 79.2 3% in fingernail and toenail dis-eases respectively.But following phenomena werefound:( 1 ) Some new nails stopped growing in cer-tain length,even if the treatment continued;( 2 )Some damaged nails reappeared soon after the treat-ment ceased;( 3) Some damaged nails with deep- co…     

用组织多普勒技术评价扩张型心肌病室壁运动

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of wall motion in cases of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) by the use of Doppler tissue imaging (DTI). METHODS: We observed 30 DCM patients and 30 normal volunteers. For the assessment of short axis motion, the myocardial velocities (MV) and transmural myocardial velocity gradients (MVG) of the middle segments of anterior interventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall were recorded through parasternal long axis view. We detected the MV of the middle segments of left ventricular walls to evaluate the long axis motion through apical windows(4-chamber, 2-chamber and long axis). RESULTS: Four kinds of abnormal presentations of the waves were seen in DCM cases. The patients' MV of were obviously lower as compared with the controls', especially in long axis; the patients' MVG also decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In the patient group, the heterogeneity of wall motion disappeared too. CONCLUSION: PW-DTI can quantitatively assess the above abnormalities of DCM and provide supplementary information for clinical use.     

用组织多普勒技术评价扩张型心肌病室壁运动

目的　用组织多普勒技术分析扩张型心肌病 (DCM)室壁运动。方法　选择 DCM患者和正常对照各 30例 ,用组织多普勒技术于胸骨旁长轴检测室间隔及左室后壁中间段短轴方向心肌运动速度 (MV) ,并计算心肌运动速度阶差 (MVG) ;经心尖窗检测左室前、后、下、侧壁和前、后室间隔中间段长轴方向 MV。结果　 DCM组患者有 4种 MV频谱异常表现 ,且 MV明显低于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,并以长轴为甚 ;MVG明显减低 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;室壁各种速度差异消失。结论　组织多普勒技术可定量反映 DCM患者室壁运动异常     

原位杂交技术检测增殖细胞核抗原反义寡脱氧核苷酸对BIU-87细胞体外增殖的影响

运用原位杂交技术检测脂质体介导增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)反义寡脱氧核苷酸抑制人膀胱癌细胞BIU-87PCNA mRNA的表达水平.结果表明脂质体介导PCNA反义寡脱氧核苷酸处理组中BIU-87细胞PCNA mRNA的表达水平明显低于对照组.结果提示脂质体介导PCNA反义寡脱氧核苷酸可抑制人膀胱癌细胞BIU-87体外增殖活性,其抑制作用可通过阻断PCNA蛋白表达来实现.     

新时期病案信息在医院管理中的运用

病案不仅代表着一所医院的医疗技术水平,也反映着医院的管理经营能力。随着医疗机构体制改革的深入以及社会信息化的飞速发展,病案信息资源开发利用已成为病案管理部门主动为医院医疗、教学、科研、管理以及社会服务的重要手段。尤其是在即将实施的医疗保险制度中,更能体现其价值和作用。传统的病案信息管理以往大多局限于单一病案的收集、整理、登记和保管,而忽视了病案内涵信息的有效利用。在医疗卫生改革新形势下,病案管理人员要充分认识病案信息资源在医院管理和社会服务中的积极作用,才能在医疗市场经济中,变被动服务为主动服务。     

低龄婴儿双供肾移植给成人22例报道

目的总结单中心低龄婴儿双供肾移植给成人的临床效果。方法回顾性纳入2013年7月至2017年10月华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院实施的所有儿童双供肾移植给成人受者共22例临床资料和随访数据。22例供者年龄(2.9±1.7)个月,体重(4.9±1.4)kg,其中15例小于3月龄。受者多为低体重女性成人,体重(46.3±5.6)kg。总结早期移植失败及随访期间移植肾失功或受者死亡原因。根据是否发生单侧移植肾血栓,移植肾功能恢复者又进一步分为双肾存活组和单肾存活组,比较移植肾中-长期功能。结果4例受者在术后早期出现移植失败,包括双肾血栓2例、移植肾破裂切除1例和受者多器官功能衰竭死亡1例。18例受者移植肾功能恢复出院,随访期间因移植肾新生肿瘤切除双肾1例、因复杂全身原因死亡1例、因间质性肺炎死亡1例,余15例受者双肾均存活者10例(中位随访59个月),单肾存活者5例(中位随访48个月)。移植1年时双肾存活组估算肾小球滤过率为(95±27)ml/(min·1.73 m2),显著高于单肾存活组(61±24)ml/(min·1.73 m2)(P<0.05),但3年时分别为(95±21)ml/(min·1.73 m2)和(69±31)ml/(min·1.73 m2),差异缩小,差异无显著统计学意义(P=0.12)。结论低龄婴儿双供肾移植虽然可以扩大供肾来源,但发生早期移植失败和单肾栓塞的风险较高。在单肾存活的情况下,受者仍具有相对满意的中-长期移植效果。