基于三蝶烯架构的固有微孔聚酰亚胺网络的制备及其吸附特性

通过三氨基三蝶烯与3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸酐（PTCDA）、均苯四甲酸酐（PMDA）、3,3’,4,4’-联苯二酐（BPDA）以及螺环二酐（SBIDA）的缩聚反应分别合成了4种固有微孔聚酰亚胺材料(Trip-PIMs)。采用傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、固体核磁碳谱（Solid-state 13C-NMR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、热重分析(TG)和氮气吸附等测试手段表征了材料的微孔结构和物理化学性能,测试了材料对有机气体和液体的吸附性能。结果表明：三蝶烯结构的引入使材料获得了较高的比表面积,同时具有良好的溶胀特性;对比烷烃,该材料对胺类和苯类具有更高的吸附率;螺环结构的引入能进一步提高材料骨架的溶胀特性,从而提升材料的吸附能力。     

The influence of esmolol on septic shock and sepsis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies

Background

Esmolol may have some potential in treating septic shock and sepsis. However, the results remain controversial. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the efficacy of esmolol in patients with septic shock and sepsis.

儿童散瞳电脑验光与检影验光对比

目的:探讨电脑验光和检影验光在儿童散瞳前后验光效果,了解电脑验光仪是否能在儿童中应用.方法:对我院进行验光的500例1000眼屈光不正儿童相关资料进行分析,患儿首先进行电脑验光,然后使用10g/L硫酸阿托品眼用凝胶滴眼,3d后分别进行电脑验光和检影验光,比较两种验光效果.结果:近视性屈光不正电脑验光组球镜度数为2.70±2.75DS、柱镜度数为1.54± 1.10DC,均低于检影验光组(P＜0.05);两组轴位差异不显著(P＜0.05);远视性屈光不正电脑验光组球镜度数为-2.35±2.18DS、柱镜度数为-1.50±1.15DC,低于检影验光组(P＜0.05);两组轴位差异不显著(P＞0.05);散瞳前散光度为1.54±1.10D、散光轴为14.38±11.11度;散瞳后电脑验光散光度为1.45±1.21D、散光轴为12.78±10.31度,显著高于检影验光(P＜0.05);两种验光方法所测球镜绝对值的差值≤0.50D,占75％(350/500),≤1.00D的占77.4％(387/500),409例柱镜绝对值的差值≤0.50D,占81.8％.结论:儿童验光配镜关乎儿童视觉发育,电脑验光和检影验光均有利弊,且电脑验光不能取代检影验光可将其作为快速验光的辅助工具.     

农村妇女主任对当地卫生机构孕产妇保健服务的评价及其影响因素

目的:研究我国贫困农村地区妇女主任对当地不同卫生机构孕产妇保健服务(医疗设备、医务人员技术水平和态度)的满意度评价及影响其评价的相关因素。方法:自行设计问卷,采取整群分层随机调查方法,选取四川、甘肃和云南3省,14县(区),120个乡镇,993个农村的妇女主任作为调查对象,就其对当地不同卫生机构(村卫生室、乡镇卫生院、县妇幼保健站、县医院)孕产妇保健服务评价进行调查,并基于Ordered Logit模型分析影响村妇女主任评价的因素。结果:在医疗设备和医务人员技术水平方面,卫生机构的级别越高,村妇女主任对其评价越好。在医务人员态度方面,卫生机构越基层,村妇女主任对其评价越好。影响村妇女主任对不同卫生机构医疗设备、医务人员技术水平和态度评价的相关因素包括本村孕产妇保健基本情况、村妇女主任个人特征、村级社会经济情况。结论:农村妇女主任对当地不同卫生机构提供的妇幼保健服务总体较为满意,影响村妇女主任对卫生机构医疗设备、医务人员技术水平和态度评价的相关因素因卫生机构的层级而异。通过提高农村基层卫生机构孕产妇保健服务的医疗设备和技术水平、改善县级卫生机构医疗人员的服务态度、加大农村孕产妇保健服务的供给力度、重点扶持农村妇女主任开展孕产妇保健工作、强化农村妇女主任孕产妇保健知识的宣传和培训以提高农村妇女主任对不同卫生机构的满意程度。     

Major Dietary Patterns in Relation to General and Central Obesity among Chinese Adults

Limited evidence exists for the association between diet pattern and obesity phenotypes among Chinese adults. In the present study, we analyzed the cross-sectional data from 474,192 adults aged 30–79 years from the China Kadoorie Biobank baseline survey. Food consumption was collected by an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Three dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis combined with cluster analysis. After being adjusted for potential confounders, individuals following a traditional southern dietary pattern had the lowest body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC); the Western/new affluence dietary pattern had the highest BMI; and the traditional northern dietary pattern had the highest WC. Compared to the traditional southern dietary pattern in multivariable adjusted logistic models, individuals following a Western/new affluence dietary pattern had a significantly increased risk of general obesity (prevalence ratio (PR): 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.08) and central obesity (PR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.06–1.08). The corresponding risks for the traditional northern dietary pattern were 1.05 (1.02–1.09) and 1.17 (1.25–1.18), respectively. In addition, the associations were modified by lifestyle behaviors, and the combined effects with alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, and physical activity were analyzed. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the diet-obesity relationships.     

Class A1 scavenger receptors in cardiovascular diseases

Class A1 scavenger receptors (SR‐A1) are membrane glycoproteins that can form homotrimers. This receptor was originally defined by its ability to mediate the accumulation of lipids in macrophages. Subsequent studies reveal that SR‐A1 plays critical roles in innate immunity, cell apoptosis and proliferation. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the structure, receptor pathway and regulation of SR‐A1. Although its role in atherosclerosis is disputable, recent discoveries suggest that SR‐A1 function in anti‐inflammatory responses by promoting an M2 macrophage phenotype in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, SR‐A1 may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention of cardiovascular diseases.

Linked Articles

This article is part of a themed section on Chinese Innovation in Cardiovascular Drug Discovery. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-23

Abbreviations

acLDL

acetylated low‐density lipoprotein

ER

endoplasmic reticulum

I/R

ischaemia/reperfusion

LTA

lipoteichoic acid

MI

myocardial infarction

mLDL

modified low‐density lipoprotein

oxLDL

oxidized low‐density lipoprotein

PRR

pattern recognition receptor

RAGE

receptor for advanced glycated end‐products

SR‐A1

class A1 scavenger receptor

TLR4

Toll‐like receptor 4

TRAF6

TNF receptor‐associated factor 6

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Meta-chlorophenylpiperazine enhances leptin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice

Background and Purpose

Most forms of human obesity are characterized by impaired leptin sensitivity and, therefore, the effectiveness of anti-obesity leptin therapy in these leptin-resistant obese patients is marginal. Hence, the development of strategies to increase leptin sensitivity is of high priority in the field of obesity research.

Experimental Approach

We first examined the effects of co-administration of leptin and meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), an agonist of 5-HT_2C and 5-HT_1B receptors, on energy balance in leptin-resistant diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. We further assessed leptin-induced phosphorylation of the STAT-3 (pSTAT3) in various brain regions of DIO mice pretreated with mCPP or in mice genetically lacking 5-HT_2C receptors.

Results

Co-administration of mCPP with leptin had an additive effect on reducing body weight in DIO mice. Furthermore, mCPP pretreatment in DIO mice enhanced leptin-induced pSTAT3 in the arcuate nucleus, the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, and the ventral premammillary nucleus. Finally, deletion of 5-HT_2C receptors significantly blunted leptin-induced pSTAT3 in these same hypothalamic regions.

Conclusions and Implications

Our study provides evidence that drugs, which activate 5-HT_2C receptors, could function as leptin sensitizers and be used in combination with leptin to provide additional weight loss in DIO.Tables of Links

Do the fragments from decomposed ZIF-8 greatly affect some of the intramolecular proton-transfer of thymine? A quantum chemical study

The intramolecular proton-transfer processes of thymine were investigated by the density functional theory method. It is shown that the mutation from keto (T) to enol (T′) form is affected by zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) fragments such as single 2-methylimidazole neutral crystals (M), and negatively charged 2-methylimidazole ligands (M⁻). Results show that with the number (n) of water (w) molecules that assist proton-transfer increasing from 1 to 4, the order of the tautomeric energy barriers (in kcal mol⁻¹) is T-2w (16.3) < T-1w (17.6) < T-3w (17.8) < T-4w (20.5). In the presence of M, the order of energy barrier is MT-2w (16.6) < MT-1w (17.7) < MT-3w (18.9) < MT-4w (20.8). M⁻ has a catalysis effect on the energy barrier and the order is M⁻T-2w (14.4) < M⁻T-3w (15.2) < M⁻T-1w (16.3) < M⁻T-4w (16.8). The attachment of the M⁻ fragment slightly promotes the proton-transfer processes in some instances. The characterization of the proton-transfer processes is helpful to understand the genotoxicity of ZIF-8 during drug delivery applications.

Investigations on whether fragments from decomposed ZIF-8 would affect the intramolecular proton-transfer of thymine by DFT modeling.     

Novel Mn4+-activated LiLaMgWO6 far-red emitting phosphors: high photoluminescence efficiency,good thermal stability,and potential applications in plant cultivation LEDs

Double perovskite-based LiLaMgWO₆:Mn⁴⁺ (LLMW:Mn⁴⁺) red phosphors were synthesized by traditional solid-state route under high temperature, and they showed bright far-red emission under excitation of 344 nm. The crystal structure, luminescence performance, internal quantum efficiency, fluorescence decay lifetimes, and thermal stability were investigated in detail. All samples exhibited far-red emissions around 713 nm due to the ²E_g → ⁴A_2g transition of Mn⁴⁺ under excitation of near-ultraviolet and blue light, and the optimal doping concentration of Mn⁴⁺ was about 0.7 mol%. The CIE chromaticity coordinates of the LLMW:0.7% Mn⁴⁺ sample were (0.7253, 0.2746), and they were located at the border of the chromaticity diagram, indicating that the phosphors had high color purity. Furthermore, the internal quantum efficiency of LLMW:0.7% Mn⁴⁺ phosphors reached up to 69.1%, which was relatively higher than those of the reported Mn⁴⁺-doped red phosphors. Moreover, the sample displayed good thermal stability; the emission intensity of LLMW:0.7% Mn⁴⁺ phosphors at 423 K was 49% of the initial value at 303 K, while the activation energy was 0.39 eV. Importantly, there was a broad spectral overlap between the emission band of LLMW:Mn⁴⁺ phosphors and the absorption band of phytochrome P_FR under near-ultraviolet light. All of these properties and phenomena illustrate that the LLMW:Mn⁴⁺ phosphors are potential far-red phosphors for applications in plant cultivation LEDs.

Novel Mn⁴⁺-activated LiLaMgWO₆ far-red emitting double-perovskite phosphors with high photoluminescence efficiency and good thermal stability were developed for applications in plant cultivation LEDs.     

Flake-like InVO4 modified TiO2 nanofibers with longer carrier lifetimes for visible-light photocatalysts

Highly efficient solar light absorption capabilities and quantum yields in photocatalysts are key to their application in photocatalytic fields. Towards this end, TiO₂/InVO₄ nanofibers (NFs) have been designed and fabricated successfully by a one-pot electrospinning process. The resulting TiO₂/InVO₄ NFs display excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity, owing to their prominent visible-light absorption and electron–hole separation properties. Time-resolved transient PL spectroscopy demonstrated that the TiO₂/InVO₄ NFs display longer emission decay times (22.0 ns) compared with TiO₂ NFs (15.5 ns), implying that the heterojunction can remarkably suppress the electron–hole recombination and promote the carrier transfer efficiency. With tailored heterostructure features, TiO₂/InVO₄ NFs exhibit superior visible-light photodegradation activity, and after 80 min of visible-light irradiation, almost 95% of RhB molecules can be decomposed by TiO₂/InVO₄ NFs, while only 18% of RhB molecules can be decomposed by pure TiO₂ NFs.

TiO₂/InVO₄ nanofibers have been designed and fabricated successfully by one-pot electrospinning process, which display longer carrier lifetime (22 ns) and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity.