三峡库区5433例病残儿先天性心脏病流行病学调查

目的 探讨重庆三峡库区16个区县儿童先天性心脏病的发生情况,为先天性心脏病人群干预及病因学研究提供参考.方法 利用重庆市病残儿医学鉴定平台,收集、回访、调查、整理三峡库区所属区、县5433例病残儿医学鉴定资料并从中筛选出418例先天性心脏病患儿,分析先天性心脏病与库区环境因素的关系.结果 大渡口区、涪陵区、长寿区、沙坪坝区、巴南区、万州区等儿童先天性心脏病发病率较高,奉节县等区县人群的患病率较低.418例先天性心脏病患儿中,室间隔缺损最多(44.7％),其他依次为房间隔缺损(10.8％)、动脉导管未闭(8.9％)、法洛四联征(7.7％)等.结论 室间隔缺损为重庆三峡库区先天性心脏病的主要类型,加大早期筛查力度,加强孕早期保健和防护,重视产前健康筛查,对预防儿童先天性心脏病具有较大意义.     

Biological Mechanism of Specific Relationship between Gan (Liver) Meridian of Foot-Jueyin and Genitals

From the perspective view of Chinese medicine, the Gan (Liver) meridian of Foot-Jueyin starts from the great toe, running upward along the medial side of the thigh to the perineal area, where it curves around the external genitalia and goes up to the lower abdomen. In clinical practice, acupoints in the feet of the Gan meridian of Foot-Jueyin are used to treat the genitourinary and external genitalia diseases. Studies have shown that reproductive system diseases have specific pathological reactions in the places (radial side of tibia and foot) where Gan meridian of Foot-Jueyin passes by. Why does this happen? In this article, we begin by briefly reviewing the evidences linking foot and genitalia. We then explore the potential mechanism of the relationship between genitals and the Gan meridian of Foot-Jueyin. The brain cerebral cortex is characterized by cortical interactions. Numerous studies show that different cerebral cortex function areas (especially the adjacent areas) are overlapping and interact with each other. Finally, we presume that there is a specific connection between the feet and the genitals. Physiologically in the cortical homunculus, the genital area lies adjacent or overlapped to the foot areas, the two areas may interact with each other. The functional reorganization between different areas of the cerebral cortex under pathological conditions may be the underlying mechanism of the relationship between the feet and the genitals.     

Inverted U-Shaped Associations between Glycemic Indices and Serum Uric Acid Levels in the General Chinese Population: Findings from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study

Objective The relationship between serum uric acid(SUA)levels and glycemic indices,including plasma glucose(FPG),2-hour postload glucose(2 h-PG),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1 c),remains inconclusive.We aimed to explore the associations between glycemic indices and SUA levels in the general Chinese population.Methods The current study was a cross-sectional analysis using the first follow-up survey data from The China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort Study.A total of 105,922 community-dwelling adults aged≥40 years underwent the oral glucose tolerance test and uric acid assessment.The nonlinear relationships between glycemic indices and SUA levels were explored using generalized additive models.Results A total of 30,941 men and 62,361 women were eligible for the current analysis.Generalized additive models verified the inverted U-shaped association between glycemic indices and SUA levels,but with different inflection points in men and women.The thresholds for FPG,2 h-PG,and HbA1 c for men and women were 6.5/8.0 mmol/L,11.0/14.0 mmol/L,and 6.1/6.5,respectively(SUA levels increased with increasing glycemic indices before the inflection points and then eventually decreased with further increases in the glycemic indices).Conclusion An inverted U-shaped association was observed between major glycemic indices and uric acid levels in both sexes,while the inflection points were reached earlier in men than in women.     

中国第9次北极科学考察期间科考队员睡眠质量分析

目的 了解北极特殊环境对科考队员睡眠质量的影响.方法 应用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表对参加我国第9次北极科学考察的科考队员(131人)在出行前、北极考察期间、考察结束后的睡眠情况进行调查,并记录队员的入睡时间点、晨起时间点、入睡时间、睡眠时间.结果 共发放问卷131份,回收有效问卷88份.88名队员中男77名、女11名,年龄为22～50(48.1±17.9)岁,包括船员18人、科考队员70人.考察期间队员的中位晨起时间点比出行前早180 min,入睡时间长于出行前及考察结束3个月后[(45.23±25.84)min vs(18.45±14.34)min、(19.50±12.57)min,P均<0.01],夜晚睡眠时间短于出行前及考察结束3个月后[(6.83±2.24)h vs(8.36±1.45)h、(8.14±1.45)h,P均<0.01].根据PSQI量表评分,考察期间队员的睡眠质量下降、入睡时间延长、睡眠时间缩短、睡眠效率下降、催眠药物使用增加,与出行前相比差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01).结论 极地极昼及低温环境显著影响北极科学考察时科考队员的睡眠节律,导致入睡时间延长、睡眠时间缩短、助眠药物使用增加,这可能影响到队员的工作状态.     

National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children 0-17 Years of Age in China

The main purpose of the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China (CNHSC) was to collect basic data on the nutrition, development, and health status for children in different regions across China using evidence-based, reliable, and cost-effective approaches. Children and their parents or guardians from seven regions (south, southwest, north, northwest, eastern, central, and northeast China) in China were recruited. A multi-stage stratified randomized sampling method was used. Two provinces were randomly sampled from each of the seven regions, from which one urban district and one rural country were also randomly sampled, resulting in a total of 28 survey counties/districts. Dietary surveys, health examinations, laboratory testing, and questionnaires were used to collect dietary intake, nutritional status, child development, and health status information. Nutrition, health, and lifestyle assessment of children and their parents was determined using the Knowledge Attitude Practice (KAP) survey. Greater than 100,000 children (38,000 children < 6 years of age and 66,000 children 6-17 years of age) completed the survey. The survey provided comprehensive data on child nutrition and health status for future studies and will serve as the basis for an integrated nutrition and health improvement strategies proposal for children in China.     

丙泊酚与七氟烷联合硬膜外麻醉对腹腔镜结肠癌快速康复影响的比较

目的 比较丙泊酚与七氟烷分别联合硬膜外麻醉对老年腹腔镜结肠癌患者术后康复的影响。方法选取80例老年结肠癌患者作为研究对象,将其随机分为丙泊酚联合硬膜外麻醉组（丙泊酚组）及七氟烷联合硬膜外组（七氟烷组）,观察围手术期临床指标,应用统计学方法进行相关性分析。结果丙泊酚组术后苏醒时间、拔管时间、进食时间、住院时间、肛门排气时间、恶心呕吐及麻黄碱应用量优于七氟烷组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。丙泊酚组认知功能恢复及IL-6抑制情况均高于七氟烷组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论丙泊酚联合硬膜外麻醉便于麻醉医师术中管理,同时可降低结肠癌患者围术期治疗所致不适,对围术期快速康复有积极作用。     

乌司他丁与内质网分子伴侣免疫球蛋白结合蛋白的分子对接和结合作用

目的 通过测定乌司他丁与免疫球蛋白结合蛋白（Bip）在脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠血清、大脑皮层中的浓度,以及两者的体外结合实验、模拟分子对接模型,探讨两者之间的相互作用。方法将36只雄性SD大鼠随机分为两组。正常组(n=18)大鼠经静脉注射乌司他丁20万IU/kg作为对照。实验组(n=18)大鼠在建立大脑中动脉栓塞模型（MCAO）后随即静脉注射乌司他丁20万IU/kg。采用酶标仪法、ELISA法分别测定乌司他丁及Bip在大鼠脑缺血后05、3、24 h中血清、大脑皮层中的浓度。通过乌司他丁与Bip的结合实验计算两者结合率,并利用软件模拟乌司他丁与Bip的分子对接模型。结果在患侧大脑皮层中,实验组乌司他丁浓度在3 h升高,24 h下降,而Bip浓度则在3 h中下降,24 h升高。乌司他丁与Bip的结合率为44%～62%,分子对接结果显示乌司他丁与Bip中的残基可形成范德华力及共轭作用,两者可形成不稳定复合物。结论在缺血大脑皮质中乌司他丁可与Bip形成不稳定复合物,其可能通过影响Bip的表达而在脑缺血再灌注中发挥着一定作用。     

颞叶型小脑幕切迹疝对颅脑损伤并发脑耗盐综合征诊治的影响

目的:探讨颞叶型小脑幕切迹疝对颅脑损伤并发脑耗盐综合征(CSWS)发生、发展、治疗时间及预后的影响.方法:回顾性分析46例颅脑损伤并发CSWS患者的临床资料,按是否发生颞叶型小脑幕切迹疝分为脑疝组(n=28)和非脑疝组(n=18),比较两组低钠血症发生时间、最低中心静脉压值、最低血钠值、最高24 h尿钠值、最大24 h尿量、血钠恢复正常所需时间及预后评分的差异.结果:脑疝组发生CSWS的时间早于非脑疝组,最低中心静脉压、最低血钠值低于非脑疝组,最高24 h尿钠值、最大24 h尿量高于非脑疝组,血钠恢复正常所需时间长于非脑疝组,且患者预后更差,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:颅脑损伤后颞叶型小脑幕切迹疝形成的患者出现CSWS的时间更早,症状更重,治愈时间更长,且预后更差,需密切监测血钠、尿钠、尿量、中心静脉压变化,力争早发现、早诊断和早治疗.     

免疫效应细胞增殖与细胞毒性功能检测3种方法的比较

目的：对比研究用于检测免疫效应细胞增殖与细胞毒功能的方法。方法：分别采用CCK?8法、EdU标记法、CFSE标记法检测不同培养条件下NK92细胞增殖［组1：100 U/mL白细胞介素（interleukin,IL）?2;组2：100 U/mL IL?2+10 U/mL IL?15］。用乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase,LDH）释放法、活细胞染料双标流式法、荧光素酶法检测两组NK92对K562细胞的杀伤。结果：CCK?8法检测结果提示组2增殖能力强于组1,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而EdU和CFSE标记法均提示两组间增殖能力有显著差异（P＜0.05）。活细胞染料双标流式法与荧光素酶法均能够检测出不同效靶比下两组NK92细胞毒功能的差异（P＜0.05）,LDH释放法在低效靶比下未检测出两组细胞毒性的差异（P＞0.05）。以双标流式法的检测值为标准参照,荧光素酶法和LDH释放法的检测值与其呈显著相关性（rS=0.979 4,P＜0.001;rS=0.973 2,P＜0.001）。结论：CCK?8法更侧重于检测代谢活性,EdU和CFSE标记法更适用于悬浮类免疫细胞的增殖检测。3种细胞毒功能检测具有一致性,活细胞染料双标流式法适合检测对悬浮类靶细胞的杀伤,荧光素酶法比LDH释放法更适用于检测对贴壁细胞的杀伤作用。     

《黄帝内经》"手"相关术语研究

"手"是人体四肢部位的核心概念,"手"相关术语是人体术语的重要组成部分.本研究在术语学视角下,检讨《黄帝内经》中与"手"相关的术语,选取"腕骨"等17个术语加以考辨.部分术语仍属于专业术语,保留在中医学专业词汇中,可归入"纯术语"中,如"锐骨""本节"等.部分则进入普通词汇,已经渗透到人们的生活中,逐渐和一般词汇相融合,成为"一般术语"或"准术语",如"鱼际""小指"等.研究肢体类术语可以丰富人体术语系统,为准确地描写和阐释中医术语提供借鉴,同时对大型辞书编纂和中医标准化系统建设提供用例补充.