Ad5F35-LMP2重组腺病毒免疫效果的研究

目的了解含有EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白2的非复制型重组腺病毒(Ad5F35-LMP2),免疫恒河猴的特异性细胞和体液免疫的效果。方法分别使用高剂量(1.5×1010TCID50/只)、中剂量(1.5×109TCID50/只)、低剂量(1.5×108TCID50/只)Ad5F35-LMP2重组腺病毒,同时设对照组(PBS4.0ml/只)。肌内注射免疫恒河猴,每个月一次,共免疫3次,第0、4、8、12周时使用Elispot方法检测猴外周血EBV-LMP2细胞毒性T细胞应答,同时应用免疫酶方法检测血清中LMP2抗体。结果3个剂量Ad5F35-LMP2腺病毒免疫恒河猴均可以诱导出有效的细胞免疫应答及一定的抗体应答,免疫应答水平的高低与病毒剂量的高低有一定的关系,较高剂量产生的细胞及体液免疫应答水平比低剂量的高。结论Ad5F35-LMP2非复制型重组腺病毒疫苗可以有效的诱导恒河猴产生EBV-LMP2特异性细胞和体液免疫反应。     

糖尿病患者尿路感染病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的探讨糖尿病患者合并尿路感染的病原菌分布和耐药性,指导临床合理应用抗生素。方法回顾性分析2003年1月￣2005年9月81例2型糖尿病合并尿路感染患者细菌学培养及病原菌的菌群分布和耐药性。结果①740例糖尿病患者中合并尿路感染的81例,尿路感染发生率占10.95%,其中女性占82.7%,年龄60岁以上占65.4%;②细菌学检查率为77.8%,尿细菌培养阳性率为44.4%,尿细菌培养阴性率为33.4%;③尿细菌培养阳性36例,G-菌株占65.8%,大肠杆菌占52.6%,G 菌株占28.9%,粪肠球菌及葡萄球菌属各占10.5%,真菌2株占5.3%;④大肠杆菌对氨苄青霉素、头孢噻吩、培氟沙星、复方新诺明、阿莫西林/棒酸耐药率较高,粪肠球菌对喹诺酮类及四环素耐药率较高,葡萄球菌属对青霉素G、头孢唑啉、复方新诺明、红霉素、氨苄青霉素、阿莫西林/棒酸、左氧氟沙星、培氟沙星、庆大霉素耐药率较高。结论糖尿病患者由于免疫力低下,局部组织结构功能受损易于被病原菌侵袭和繁殖,故合并尿路感染应重视病原菌及其耐药性检测,对控制尿路感染、合理使用抗生素十分重要。     

以报告基因荧光素酶研究HPRE功能元件与IFN-α应答的关系

目的:以荧光素酶(luciferase,LUC)基因为报告基因,探讨HBV转录后调节序列(HPRE)的功能元件(α、β1和β2)对IFNα作用的影响。方法:用PCR法从载体pGEMluc中扩增LUC基因,并克隆入真核表达载体pcDNA3.0中。以含乙肝病毒(HBV)基因组的质粒A01为模板,扩增HPRE(完整的HPRE)、HPREαβ1及HPREβ1β2片段,并分别插入LUC基因的下游。利用脂质体介导的转染法,将重组质粒分别导入人肝癌细胞株HepG2中,用LUC检测系统检测IFNα作用前后LUC表达活性的变化。结果:经测序证实,重组质粒pcDNA3.0luc、pcDNA3.0lucHPRE、pcDNA3.0lucHPREαβ1及pcDNA3.0lucHPREβ1β2构建成功。检测结果显示,IFNα作用前,HPRE、HPREαβ1和HPREβ1β2均能提高LUC的活性,IFNα作用后,HPRE和HPREβ1β2能明显降低LUC的活性,而HPREαβ1对其表达则没有显著影响。结论:HPRE的功能元件β2与IFNα作用的关系最为密切,而功能元件α和β1在IFNα应答中作用甚小,提示IFNα诱导产生的HPRE抑制性结合蛋白很可能是与β2结合的,为进一步研究IFNα在治疗HBV感染和慢性肝炎中的作用机制,以及HPRE抑制性结合蛋白的作用提供了一定的实验依据。     

具有三层管壁结构组织工程血管支架的生物力学性能

目的针对组织工程血管的体内培养技术路线，对所制备的具有三层管壁结构的组织工程血管支架的生物力学性能进行测试，并研究了壁厚对支架力学性能的影响，以保证后续的动物体内移植实验能顺利进行。方法采用涂敷，喷涂．滤沥的方法制备了具有三层管壁结构（多孔PLGA层．致密PU层．多孔PLGA层）的可降解组织工程血管支架，用自制的设备测试了其爆破强度和径向顺应性，并对血管支架进行了缝合强度的测试。结果所制备的厚度为0．295mm-0．432mm的三层结构血管支架的径向顺应性为3．80％／100mmHg-0．57％／100mmHg，爆破强度为160kPa～183kPa，缝合强度为0．63N／针～1．52N／针。结论支架的管壁厚度，尤其是中间层厚度，对支架的力学性能有重要影响。增大壁厚可导致径向顺应性急剧下降，爆破强度和缝合强度线性提高。在所制备的样品中，管壁厚度为0．295mm的支架其综合力学性能最优，可满足血管组织工程体内植入的力学性能要求。     

CS无支架心包二尖瓣应用研究

目的比较传统有支架心包瓣与CS无支架心包二尖瓣的性能。方法测试瓣膜分为两组:A组,有支架心包瓣(与Ionescu-Shiley瓣相似);B组,无支架心包二尖瓣(与Quattro相似,由中南大学研制,简称CS瓣)。检测内容包括:①钙化倾向(SD鼠皮下埋藏模型);②组织学;③热皱缩温度;④断裂强度;⑤生物相容性;⑥血流动力学;⑦疲劳试验;⑧有限元分析。结果①B组钙化明显低于A组(P<0.01)。②组织学示A组心包片有大块钙化及胶元纤维裂解;B组仅见稍许钙化灶,胶原纤维保存完好。③热皱缩温度A组与B组无统计学意义。④断裂强度B组明显强于A组(P<0.005)。⑤内皮细胞种植后第1天,A组细胞明显少于B组(P<0.001);第3天A组已无细胞生长,B组内皮细胞增殖活跃;多数细胞Ⅷ因子检测呈阳性。⑥在模拟心输出量为2、4、6L,A组跨瓣压差明显高于B组(P<0.05),返流量和回流百分比A组显著高于B组(P<0.01),有效瓣口面积两组无统计学意义,仅在流量为4L时A组优于B组。⑦B组寿命比A组(n=2)长2.5倍。⑧B组瓣叶应力分布较为合理。结论CS无支架心包二尖瓣避免了应力集中区,其抗钙化、胶原纤维保存、断裂强度、生物相容性、血流动力学、疲劳寿命等均明显优于传统有支架心包瓣。     

Reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus in Sj?gren''s syndrome

Summary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by severe dryness of the eyes and mouth, resulting from lymphocytic infiltration of the lacrimal and salivary glands. SS may exist as a primary condition (primary SS, 1° SS) or as a secondary condition (2° SS) in association with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or progressive systemic sclerosis. In some 1° SS patients, there may be involvement of the extraglandular organs, including skin, kidney, liver, lung and nervous system. Furthermore, these patients may develop a lymphoproliferative syndrome that includes lymphadenopathy and increased risk of lymphoma. In the pathogenesis of SS, a role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been suggested because: (a) EBV is present in salivary gland epithelial cells of normal individuals and exaggerated immune responses against EBV could play a role in the destruction of salivary glands in SS; (b) SS salivary gland biopsies contain increased levels of EBV DNA in comparison to normal salivary glands, indicating viral reactivation and inability of lymphoid infiltrates to control EBV replication in SS patients; and (c) salivary gland epithelial cells in SS patients express high levels of HLA-DR antigens and may present EBV-associated antigens to immune T cells in SS patients. Therefore, SS may represent a situation in which genetically predisposed individuals (i. e., HLA-DR3-DQA4-DQB2) have a persistent but ineffectual T cell immune response against EBV at its site of latency. Among 14 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas that developed in SS patients, EBV DNA was detected in increased amounts in the tumor tissue of one patient. Characterization of this tumor DNA revealed: (a) polyclonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements; (b) EBV DNA with an unusual restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern involving the Bam M fragment; and (c) EBV terminal repeat sequences suggestive of viral replication, similar to those reported in EBV lymphomas occurring in other immunocompromised individuals. Early recognition of this clinical problem may allow beneficial use of antiviral agents.     

Conservation of receptor antagonist anti-tumor activity by epidermal growth factor receptor antibody expressed in transgenic corn seed

Recombinant protein production in plants such as corn is a promising means to generate high product yields at low comparable production cost. The anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody C225, cetuximab, is a well-characterized receptor antagonist antibody recently approved for the treatment of refractory colorectal cancer. We initiated a study to test and compare the functional activity of glycosylated and aglycosylated C225 produced in stable transgenic corn seed. Both corn antibodies were shown to be functionally indistinguishable from mammalian-derived C225 in demonstrating high-affinity binding to the EGF receptor, blocking of ligand-dependent signaling, and inhibiting cell proliferation. In addition, consistent with cetuximab, both corn antibodies possessed strong anti-tumor activity in vivo. Acute dose primate pharmacokinetic studies, however, revealed a marked increase in clearance for the glycosylated corn antibody, while the aglycosylated antibody possessed in vivo kinetics similar to cetuximab. This experimentation established that corn-derived receptor blocking monoclonal antibodies possess comparable efficacy to mammalian cell culture-derived antibody, and offer a cost effective alternative to large-scale mammalian cell culture production.     

Characterization of Immunodominant Linear B-Cell Epitopes on the Carboxy Terminus of the Rinderpest Virus Nucleocapsid Protein

The nucleocapsid (N) protein of rinderpest virus (RPV) is one of the most abundant and immunogenic viral proteins expressed during natural or experimental infection. To identify immunogenic epitopes on the N protein, different forms of RPV N protein, including the full-length protein (N_1-525), an amino-terminal construct (N_1-179), and a carboxy-terminal construct (N_414-496), were expressed in Escherichia coli as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins. The antigenicity of each recombinant protein was evaluated by Western immunoblotting. All recombinants were recognized by hyperimmune RPV bovine antisera, indicating that immunoreactive epitopes may be present at both ends of the N protein. However, GST-N_414-496 was much more antigenic than GST-N_1-179 when tested with sera from vaccinated cattle, suggesting that an immunodominant or highly immunogenic epitope(s) may be located at the carboxy terminus of the N protein. Epitope mapping with overlapping peptides representing different regions of the carboxy terminus (amino acids 415 to 524) revealed three nonoverlapping antigenic sites in regions containing the residues ⁴⁴⁰VPQVRKETRASSR⁴⁵² (site 1), ⁴⁷⁹PEADTDPL⁴⁸⁶ (site 2), and ⁵²⁰DKDLL⁵²⁴ (site 3). Among these, antigenic site 2 showed the strongest reactivity with hyperimmune anti-RPV bovine sera in a peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay but did not react with hyperimmune caprine sera raised against peste-des-petits-ruminants virus, which is antigenically closely related to RPV. Identification of an immunodominant linear antigenic site at the carboxy terminus of the N protein may provide an antigen basis for designing diagnostics specific for RPV.     

Ultrastructural localization of phosphoglycerate kinase in adult<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Clonorchis sinensis</Emphasis>

Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) is an enzyme that produces one ATP molecule in the glycolytic pathway. Clonorchis sinensis is largely dependent on glycolysis for energy production. We performed immunoelectron microscopy on adult C. sinensis by using mouse immune serum raised against recombinant C. sinensis PGK. A high density of gold particles was found in the microvilli of the intestinal epithelium and in lamellae of the sperm duct. PGK was common in the somatic cells of intra-uterine eggs and in excreted products. It was localized with moderate intensity in muscular fibers of the subtegumental muscle layer, and in the myoepithelia of the intestine and excretory bladder. We suggest that PGK plays an essential role in C. sinensis energy production for movement via muscle contraction.