改良PPH结合梭形小切口治疗静脉曲张性混合痔的疗效观察

为探讨改良PPH结合梭形小切口治疗静脉曲张性混合痔的临床疗效,回顾性分析应用改良PPH结合梭形小切口冶疗100例静脉曲张性混合痔的临床资料。结果显示,手术时间为25～35min,平均30min;术后住院时间4～7d,平均5d。随访0．5～2年,均无复发,无肛门失禁、直肠吻合VI狭窄及直肠阴道瘘等后遗症,肛门外观平整。结果表明,该手术治疗静脉曲张性混合痔具有患者住院时间短,疼痛轻,并发症少等优点。     

和胃安胎饮辅助治疗妊娠剧吐的临床观察

目的:观察和胃安胎饮辅助治疗妊娠剧吐的疗效。方法:选取妊娠剧吐孕妇100例,依据治疗方法分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组采用常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予和胃安胎饮。统计两组孕妇妊娠剧吐积分及临床疗效。结果:治疗2周后,观察组妊娠剧吐积分低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治疗总有效率为94.0%(47/50),高于对照组的80.0%(40/50)(P<0.05)。结论:和胃安胎饮辅助治疗妊娠剧吐,可明显改善呕吐症状,疗效显著。     

动脉置管失败后采用头皮针同步换血在临床的应用

目的：探讨动脉置管失败后采用9号头皮针进行新生儿换血疗法的方法和效果。方法：对动脉置管失败后48例重度高胆红素血症新生儿采用头皮针开放股动脉进行外周动静脉同步换血治疗。结果：用头皮针进行换血平均换血时间为2.5-3 h,换血过程中呼吸、心率、血压、血氧饱和度与用套管针换血比较无明显差异。结论：用头皮针进行换血操作方法简便、安全,是动脉置管失败后新生儿换血中较理想的替代方法。     

大鼠应激性溃疡发病机制及其防治方法的研究

为进一步了解应激性溃疡的发病机制，寻找更有效的治疗方法。以冷束缚法制成大鼠应激性溃疡动物模型。将其分成对照组、治疗Ａ组（西米替丁组）、治疗Ｂ组（东莨菪碱组）和治疗Ｃ组（西米替丁＋东莨菪碱组），通过溃疡指教、光镜与电镜观察各组病理组织学变化。结果：治疗Ｃ组防治效果优于治疗Ａ组及Ｂ组。作者认为：在应激状态下，胃粘膜局部血循环障碍与胃内ｐＨ过低是导致损伤的重要始动因素；综合使用抑酸与促进血循环的防治方法，其效果明显优于单纯抑酸方法。     

Excess adenosine in murine penile erectile tissues contributes to priapism via A2B adenosine receptor signaling

Priapism, abnormally prolonged penile erection in the absence of sexual excitation, is associated with ischemia-mediated erectile tissue damage and subsequent erectile dysfunction. It is common among males with sickle cell disease (SCD), and SCD transgenic mice are an accepted model of the disorder. Current strategies to manage priapism suffer from a poor fundamental understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the disorder. Here we report that mice lacking adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme necessary for the breakdown of adenosine, displayed unexpected priapic activity. ADA enzyme therapy successfully corrected the priapic activity both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that it was dependent on elevated adenosine levels. Further genetic and pharmacologic evidence demonstrated that A2B adenosine receptor-mediated (A2BR-mediated) cAMP and cGMP induction was required for elevated adenosine-induced prolonged penile erection. Finally, priapic activity in SCD transgenic mice was also caused by elevated adenosine levels and A2BR activation. Thus, we have shown that excessive adenosine accumulation in the penis contributes to priapism through increased A2BR signaling in both Ada -/- and SCD transgenic mice. These findings provide insight regarding the molecular basis of priapism and suggest that strategies to either reduce adenosine or block A2BR activation may prove beneficial in the treatment of this disorder.     

The diagnosis and management of temporal arteritis

Temporal arteritis (TA), or giant cell arteritis, is a systemic autoimmune vasculitis affecting patients over 50 years of age. It can cause rapid, irreversible bilateral vision loss in older adults and is therefore considered an ophthalmological emergency. Many of the symptoms and signs of TA can be vague, non-specific and gradual in onset, often leading to a delayed or inaccurate diagnosis. As such, it is important for a wide variety of primary optometrists and health practitioners to maintain a robust understanding of the clinical presentation, key investigations and time-sensitive management of this disease, as early initiation of treatment for TA can be vision- and life-saving.