眼底荧光血管造影不良反应的护理干预

目的探讨预防眼底荧光血管造影不良反应的护理干预方法。方法将252例眼底荧光血管造影患者按入院时间分为对照组与观察组各126例，对照组按常规行眼底荧光血管造影，观察组在此基础上针对造影所致的胃肠道反应、神经系统反应和过敏反应等进行护理干预。结果观察组胃肠道反应和神经系统反应发生率显著低于对照组（均P〈O．01）。结论护理干预有助于眼底荧光血管造影患者安全、顺利完成检查，减少并发症的发生。     

不同骨延长器治疗肢体畸形并大段骨缺损

[目的]利用Ilizarov支架、Orthofix肢体重建系统（Orthofix LRS）及Hybrid固定系统（Hybrid Fixation System）与Orthofix LRS的组合，对不同的肢体畸形并大段骨缺损进行矫形及骨延长治疗，同时观察其疗效。[方法]自2000年8月-2004年3月分别用Ilizarov支架、Orthofix LRS及Hybrid支架与Orthofix LRS的组合进行骨痂牵开／骨段滑移治疗合并肢体畸形的大段骨缺损。畸形处采用线形／楔形截骨。畸形愈合并骨短缩者楔形截骨后进行骨痂牵开骨延长术，骨不连并畸形及短缩者接合点加压与截骨矫形骨段滑移延长同时进行。[结果]矫正股骨短缩畸形7cm1例，胫骨6例，内翻畸形2例，后成角畸形2例，混合畸形2例。平均延长5．3cm（4．5—7cm），平均延长时间3．5个月，平均延长后外固定时间7个月，无神经血管损伤，膝踝关节活动未受影响。[结论]Ilizarov支架、Orthofix LRS、Hybrid固定系统与Orthofix LRS的组合用于骨痂牵开／骨段滑移治疗合并肢体畸形的大段骨缺损均能达到矫形及骨延长的治疗目的。Orthofix LRS及Hybrid固定系统与Orthofix LRS的组合较Ilizarov支架操作简便，安全可靠，患者乐于接受。     

立体定向分次放疗联合全脑放射治疗脑转移瘤疗效分析

Objective To evaluate efficiency of brain metastases tumor using X-knife under farctionational stereotactie radiotherapy (FSRT) combine with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Methods Retrospective comparing 51 patients treated by FSRT plus WBRT (FSRT + WBRT group) with 35 patients treated by WBRT alone (WBRT group) on the effecting rate and survival rate. Results The completeness response rate was 49 % and 26 % (P < 0.05) in FSRT + WBRT and WBRT groups, respectively. The effecting rate was 80 % and 71 % (P 0.05) in FSRT + WBRT and WBRT groups, respectively. The middle survival time was (11.0 ± 1.5) months and (6.5 ± 0.5) months (P < 0.05) in FSRT + WBRT and WBRT groups, respeetivley. The 0.5-, 1.0- and 1.5-years survival rate was 63 % and 41 % (P 0.05), 51 % and 23 % (P 0.05) and 24 % and 9 % (P < 0.05) in FSRT + WBRT and WBRT groups, respectively. Conclusions The method with FSRT plus WBRT in the treatment of brain metastases tumor is safe and relieved focal symptom of patients quickly with lesser injury on normal tissue and the survival time be prolonged, it has better therapeutic effects than WBRT alone for treating brain metastases tumor.     

Insulin reduces the BOLD response but is without effect on the VEP during presentation of a visual task in humans.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based on blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast has become an invaluable tool in the assessment of in vivo neuronal activation. Quantification of the BOLD response is determined by the hemodynamic and metabolic changes that occur in response to brain stimulation. However, these changes may vary by changes in insulin, a hormone known to be vasoactive in some tissues. To determine if insulin has an effect on fMRI, we measured the BOLD response to a visual stimulus in five normal volunteers in which insulin was first suppressed and then brought to a high physiological concentration. In addition, we also examined the effect of insulin on activation of the visual cortex as measured by the visual-evoked potential (VEP). We found that the BOLD response measured in the presence of insulin (serum insulin=236+/-29 pmol/L) was significantly lower (P<0.001) than that measured in its absence (serum insulin=8+/-2 pmol/L). Insulin was without effect on P100 amplitude or latency acquired in the presence or absence of insulin in 28 subjects using the same stimulus as that used for the fMRI experiments. Our observations suggest that insulin may have effects on cerebral blood flow and/or metabolism that affect the BOLD signal that are independent of its effects on neuronal activation identified by event related potentials (ERP). These findings highlight the complexity that must be considered when interpreting differences in fMRI responses between groups of subjects that differ in insulin concentration and/or insulin sensitivity.     

双侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的矫正

目的通过对双侧唇裂继发鼻畸形进行细致的病理解剖学分析，制定出具体的治疗目标，探讨矫正的有效手术方法。方法以双侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的病理解剖学为基础，将手术程序分为鼻小柱及鼻尖整形、鼻翼软骨的整形、鼻底的整形3个连续的步骤。结果自2000年以来应用上述方法手术矫正36例，其中畸形严重的双侧完全性唇裂术后患者22例，占61．6％。所有病例术后伤口均Ⅰ期愈合，鼻外形明显改善，无感染及皮瓣坏死等并发症发生。术后随访10～24个月，平均17个月，满意率高达100％。结论双侧唇裂继发鼻畸形具有其特有的病理解剖学特征，以解剖学特征基础制定具体手术方案，确保了最终疗效的满意率。     

CR、CT、MRI在脊柱结核诊断中的临床价值

[目的]评价计算机X线摄影(CR)、计算机断层成像(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)在脊柱结核诊断中的临床价值。[方法]回顾分析经病理证实的41例脊柱结核的影像学资料。41例做了CR,22例做了CT,31例均做了MRI。[结果]41例中38例CR片清晰显示骨质改变及椎间隙狭窄或消失,30例CR片可看到软组织阴影。22例CT均清晰显示了钙化,22例CT检查附件均未见明显异常,21例CT清晰显示椎体骨质改变,20例CT显示了软组织阴影。31例MRI均显示软组织均受累,附件均未见受累,其中29例椎间隙狭窄或消失。病变T1WI均以低信号为主,T2WI均以高信号为主。[结论]CR片仍为脊柱结核的基本检查方法,CT较好显示了结核的破坏范围及细微钙化,MRI对显示结核的侵犯范围、软组织异常及椎间盘异常有明显优势。三者相结合有助于脊柱结核的诊断。     

可吸收螺钉治疗踝关节骨折的临床应用

[目的]探讨可吸收螺钉（PGA-PLLA）在治疗踝关节骨折中的应用。[方法]1994年3月-2003年8月治疗踝关节骨折42例，皆行切开复位可吸收螺钉内固定术。下胫腓联合分离仍不稳定者，用可吸收螺钉横向固定。[结果]全病例得到6个月-5年3个月随访，平均2年4个月。根据美国足踝外科协会（AOFAS）制定的踝关节评定标准，优32例，良8例，可1例，差1例。优良率达95．2％。[结论]可吸收螺钉治疗踝关节骨折，具有良好的内固定特性与组织相容性，吸收完全，能早期进行功能锻炼，避免了再次手术的痛苦。     

Pipkin＇s骨折的治疗及并发症分析（15例报告）

[目的]探讨Pipkin＇s骨折的治疗方法与效果。[方法]对自1996-2005年6月收治的15例股骨头骨折病例，根据Pipkin分型，Ⅰ型3例，Ⅱ型4例，Ⅲ型5例，Ⅳ型3例，进行回顾性分析。[结果]全部疾病均获1-5年的随访，采用Pipkin评价方法，优10例，良2例，可1例，差2例，优良率80%。[结论]Pipkin＇s骨折合并症和并发症多，治疗根据分型选择治疗方案。Ⅰ型手法复位保守治疗，Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型手术复位内固定，Ⅲ型选择人工关节置换疗效较好。     

骨盆倾斜度异常产妇分娩体位干预效果观察

目的 探讨体位变换对骨盆倾斜度异常产妇分娩及新生儿的影响.方法 将180例产妇随机分为观察组和对照组各90例,对照组在产程中采取常规分娩体位;观察组实施体位干预,即在第一产程活跃期后取40°～70°斜坡位,第二产程取膀胱截石位.比较两组分娩方式,第一、第二产程时间,会阴裂伤发生率及新生儿出生情况.结果 观察组剖宫产率显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),第一、第二产程时间显著短于对照组(均P＜0.01),会阴裂伤发生率显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);两组新生儿出生情况比较,差异无显著性意义(均P＞0.05).结论 采用干预体位后使骨盆倾斜度异常得到纠正,可降低剖宫产率,缩短产程并降低会阴裂伤发生率.     

肝门部胆管癌的治疗

目的探讨肝门部胆管癌的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院1996，2004年间52例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床病例资料。I型癌肿切除率最高，Ⅳ型癌肿切除率最低。结果本组52例肝门部胆管癌中，围手术期死亡2例，均死于肝肾功能衰竭，余50例中31例术后获得随访，失访19例，随访率为62％。结论疑似或诊断肝门部胆管癌应早期积极手术探查，争取行根治性切除术；肝门部胆管癌肿瘤切除疗效明显优于其他治疗方式。