顺行球囊扩张治疗移植肾输尿管梗阻：附4例报告

目的探讨经皮肾穿刺造瘘顺行球囊扩张治疗移植肾输尿管梗阻的安全性和疗效。方法回顾分析2002年以来本院4例接受顺行球囊扩张治疗的移植肾输尿管梗阻的患者资料,3例先行经皮肾穿刺造瘘,待肌酐降至正常,经造瘘口行输尿管镜术,1例直接行经皮肾穿刺造痿输尿管镜术,证实梗阻系输尿管或输尿管膀胱吻合口狭窄所致,顺行球囊扩张,成功后留置双J管。结果4例患者均1次扩张成功,术后输尿管梗阻症状缓解,尿量恢复至梗阻前水平,随访6～24个月,肾功能稳定,无梗阻复发。结论顺行球囊扩张治疗移植。肾输尿管梗阻是可行的。     

广西HIV感染者呼吸道非结核分枝杆菌定植情况和临床特点分析

目的呼吸道非结核分枝杆菌定植是HIV感染者发生播散性非结核分枝杆菌感染的危险因素,并可能对肺结核的诊断造成干扰。我国HIV感染者中非结核分枝杆菌呼吸道定植情况和临床特点目前尚无较大样本的研究报道。本文分析HIV感染者痰培养中非结核分枝杆菌的阳性率和相关因素,从而总结其临床特点。方法 2006年8月至2008年7月,对广西省4个诊疗机构中CD4〈350的HIV感染者进行临床症状、胸片、痰涂片,痰分枝杆菌培养和血液分枝杆菌培养在内的结核筛查。结果 1073例HIV感染者在结核筛查时进行了痰分枝杆菌培养,检出非结核分枝杆菌87例（8.1%）,129例（12.0%）为结核分枝杆菌。在痰培养阳性的标本中,43%为非结核分枝杆菌。非结核分枝杆菌在呼吸道的定植率随着患者CD4水平降低而逐渐升高,在CD4计数〉200/μl、100～200/μl、50～100/μl和〈50/μl的患者组中分别为2.8%、6.4%、7.1%和9.8%。痰涂片抗酸杆菌阳性的患者中12.0%为非结核分枝杆菌,非结核分枝杆菌呼吸道定植的患者中8.5%痰涂片结果为抗酸杆菌阳性。与痰培养阴性的患者相比,有呼吸道非结核分枝杆菌定植的患者CD4水平较低,除体重下降更多见外,其他临床症状如发热、咳嗽、盗汗、乏力等,以及胸片异常表现均未增加。结论我国HIV感染者中痰培养非结核分枝杆菌的阳性率较高,尤其是在CD4〈200的患者中,需要加强临床观察。在未有进行细菌培养的情况下,非结核分枝杆菌在呼吸道的定植可能造成结核的误诊,应给予重视。     

卡托普利对血管成形术后再狭窄作用的实验研究

目的探讨卡托普利对血管成形术后再狭窄的干预作用。方法SD雄性大鼠60只,分单损组、干预组和对照组。单损组采用改良导丝法制作大鼠颈动脉再狭窄模型。干预组将卡托普利研磨成粉状,生理盐水稀释配制成5mg/ml溶液,分别于制模前6 d开始按10 mg/(kg.d)剂量经灌胃针给予大鼠至术后各时间点。对侧颈总动脉作为假手术对照组。每组各时间点6只大鼠,于制模后1天、4天、7天、14天及28天原位灌注固定取材。根据HE染色标本情况,选血管形态结构完整的50个标本,进行HE染色,采用病理图像分析系统染色片进行形态计量分析。结果损伤后从第7天起新生内膜厚度和面积逐渐增加,到28天达峰值;与单损组比较,干预组血管壁三层厚度无显著差别,干预组第14、28天新生内膜面积显著减低。狭窄率于血管损伤后逐渐增加,到28天达峰值,与单损组比较,干预组在14天和28天狭窄率明显变小,各时间点内弹力板面积、外弹力板面积及重塑指数两组之间无显著差别。结论卡托普利减小大鼠颈动脉损伤后新生内膜面积及狭窄率,抑制新生内膜形成,但不改变内、外弹力板面积及重塑指数,不影响血管收缩性重塑。     

腹腔镜脾切除术在外伤性脾破裂中的应用体会

目的探讨腹腔镜脾切除术治疗外伤性脾破裂的安全性与可行性。方法回顾性分析我院2006年10月至2009年10月期间经腹腔镜脾切除治疗的48例外伤性脾破裂患者,男32例,女16例。根据脾蒂的不同类型分别采取不同的处理方法,其中处理脾蒂采用钛夹夹闭12例,丝线结扎结合钛夹夹闭8例,圈套器结合钛夹夹闭处理10例,结扎束LigaSure处理8例,Endo-GIA处理8例。结果 32例顺利完成腹腔镜脾切除术,14例改行手助腹腔镜脾切除术,2例为脾周围粘连紧密伴胃短血管破裂出血而中转开腹。手术时间120~170 min,平均140 min;术中出血量300~1 200 ml,平均800 ml。术后无胃漏、胰漏、大出血等并发症发生。结论腹腔镜脾切除治疗外伤性脾破裂中,根据脾蒂的不同类型,采取个体化处理方案可减少术中出血及副损伤,提高手术成功率。     

直肠癌神经周围浸润的临床研究

目的 探讨直肠癌神经周嗣浸润（PNI）的临床意义.方法 回顾性分析郴州市第一人民医院2003年1月至2005年1月间行直肠前切除低位吻合术（Dixon）的204例直肠癌患者的临床资料,标本常规石蜡切片后行苏木精-伊红染色,以肿瘤细胞浸润神经束或神经束膜判定为PNI阳性.分析PNI与直肠癌临床病理特征和预后的关系.结果 204例直肠癌患者中PIN阳性65例（31.9%）.PNI与肿瘤大小、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、肿瘤生长方式、分化程度、肿瘤切除情况有关（P＜0.05）.PNI阳性组患者术后生存时间为（43.8±1.5）个月,明显短于PNI阴性组的（57.2±1.5）个月（P＜0.01）.PNI阳性的Ⅱ期患者术后平均生存时间为（46.5±3.2）个月,显著低于Ⅲ期患者的（55.7±1.2）个月（P＜0.05）.结论 PNI可作为直肠癌的预后判断指标.     

肝泡型包虫病的手术治疗:附43例病例分析

目的 探讨肝泡型包虫病手术治疗的方式和疗效.方法 对我院2000年至2008年收治的43例肝泡型包虫病患者分成两组回顾性分析.根治性手术组19例、姑息性手术组24例.结果 姑息性手术组围手术期病死1例,2例术后出现远处转移,2例术后出现肝内播散,4例因术后再次出现黄疸、3例因术后反复发作胆管炎而入院治疗.根治性手术组3例术后出现胆瘘,1例出现胆管炎,3例出现消瘦.术后30例获得随访(≤3年至≤8年).随访期间,姑息性手术组有10例患者病死,长期生存率为28.5%(4/14);根治性手术组中有1例患者因贲门癌病死,长期生存率为93.7%(15/16).结论 根治性手术是治疗肝泡型包虫病的首选方法.可使患者获得临床治愈并长期存活.而姑息性手术多用于解决梗阻性黄疸或并发症,以便为进一步治疗争取时间.

Abstract：

Objective To study the operative techniques and the surgical results of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Methods Forty three patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis treated in our Hospital from 2000 to 2008 were studied retrospectively. They were divided into two groups: radical resection group (19 cases) and palliative resection group (24 cases). Results There were 1 surgeryrelated death, 2 patients with remote metastases, 2 patients with intrahepatic dissemination, 4 patients with recurrent jaundice and 3 patients with cholangitis in the palliative resection group. There were 3 patients with biliary fistula, 1 patient with cholangitis and 3 patients with emaciation in the radical resection group. Among the 30 patients followed-up for ≤3-≤8 years, 10 patients died in the palliative resection group and the long-term survival rate was 28.5% (4/14). One patient died from gastric cancer in the cardiac in the radical resection group and the long survival rate was 93. 7%(15/16). Conclusions The first choice of treatment for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis is radical resection. Patients could be cured by radical resection. Palliative surgery is an option for patients not manageable otherwise.     

COL8A1siRNA对肝癌细胞体外增殖、侵袭能力及右旋柠烯药敏性的影响

目的 应用RNA干扰技术下调小鼠肝癌细胞株(Hca-F)COL8A1的表达,通过观察癌细胞的体外增殖、侵袭能力,研究调节COL8A1表达对肿瘤细胞药敏性的影响.方法 采用RTPCR、Western Blot分析干扰前后Hca-F细胞中COL8A1的表达情况.用体外侵袭实验检测干扰前后Hca-F细胞的侵袭能力.用MTT法分析干扰前后Hca-F细胞的增殖情况及其对右旋柠烯(D-limonene)的药敏性.结果 Hca-F/RNAi细胞中COL8A1的表达与未给予RNA干扰处理的对照组及RNA干扰对照组相比出现明显下调;该细胞的增殖及穿过基质胶的侵袭能力下降;同时上调该细胞对D-limonene的药敏性.结论 小鼠肝癌细胞中COL8A1的表达与肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭及对抗肿瘤药物的敏感性密切相关,可能为肿瘤的化学治疗提供新靶点.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the possible effects of COL8A1 on the proliferation, invasion and drug sensitivity of murine hepatocarcinoma cell line Hca-F, we used an RNA interference (RNAi) approach to silence COL8A1 expression. Methods The expression levels of COL8A1 in HcaF/siRNA cells were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot. The inhibitory effect of RNAi on Hca-F cell invasion in vitro was demonstrated by ECM invasion assay. The in vitro proliferative ability and drug sensitivity of COL8A1-deficient cells were determined by MTT assay. Results The expression of COL8A1 was significantly reduced in COL8A1/siRNA cells after 30h transfection, compared with both the RNAi control and the Hca-F cells. The reduced COL8A1 expression also attenuated the proliferative, invasive ability, as well as increased drug sensitivity of Hca-F/siRNA cells. Conclusion Our current results indicate that the expression of COL8A1 functionally mediates tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and drug sensitivity, and is a potential target for therapeutic anti-cancer drugs.     

Klotho deficiency causes vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease

Soft-tissue calcification is a prominent feature in both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and experimental Klotho deficiency, but whether Klotho deficiency is responsible for the calcification in CKD is unknown. Here, wild-type mice with CKD had very low renal, plasma, and urinary levels of Klotho. In humans, we observed a graded reduction in urinary Klotho starting at an early stage of CKD and progressing with loss of renal function. Despite induction of CKD, transgenic mice that overexpressed Klotho had preserved levels of Klotho, enhanced phosphaturia, better renal function, and much less calcification compared with wild-type mice with CKD. Conversely, Klotho-haploinsufficient mice with CKD had undetectable levels of Klotho, worse renal function, and severe calcification. The beneficial effect of Klotho on vascular calcification was a result of more than its effect on renal function and phosphatemia, suggesting a direct effect of Klotho on the vasculature. In vitro, Klotho suppressed Na(+)-dependent uptake of phosphate and mineralization induced by high phosphate and preserved differentiation in vascular smooth muscle cells. In summary, Klotho is an early biomarker for CKD, and Klotho deficiency contributes to soft-tissue calcification in CKD. Klotho ameliorates vascular calcification by enhancing phosphaturia, preserving glomerular filtration, and directly inhibiting phosphate uptake by vascular smooth muscle. Replacement of Klotho may have therapeutic potential for CKD.     

体外受精-胚胎移植中卵巢低反应患者应用不同超促排卵方案的比较

目的 探讨体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）中卵巢低反应患者合适的超促排卵方案. 方法 对山东中医药大学第二附属医院生殖医学中心2009年1月至2010年12月120例158个周期采用不同超促排卵方案的卵巢低反应患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.根据不同的超促排卵方案患者分组：促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（GnRH-a）超短方案组（A组）、克罗米芬微刺激方案组（B组）和自然周期方案组（C组）,对各组临床用药及临床结局进行比较. 结果 三组患者中A组促性腺激素（Gn）用量及用药时间明显多于B组及C组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,C组在治疗过程中没有应用Gn,与B组比较也有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）日内膜厚度、获卵数及临床妊娠率B组低于A组及C组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,A组及C组间无显著性差异（P＞0.05）.hCG日雌二醇（E2）A组及B组间比较无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,与C组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.周期取消率A组低于B组及C组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,B组及C组间比较无显著性差异（P＞0.05）.各组间MⅡ卵率、受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率均无显著性差异（P＞0.05）. 结论 对于卵巢低反应的患者,GnRH-a超短方案、克罗米芬微刺激方案及自然周期方案各有利弊,但都是可行的方案,治疗时需要根据患者的不同情况进行个体化的选择.     

强噪声暴露对大鼠急慢性胃粘膜损伤的影响

目的观察强噪声暴露对大鼠急慢性胃粘膜损伤的影响。方法急性实验用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠２０只,随机分为两组,每组１０只。实验组每天给连续６小时强噪声刺激,对照组无噪声刺激;３天后均经口灌注０．８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸１ｍｌ,观察胃粘膜损伤变化。慢性实验选Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠３６只,均制作胃溃疡模型,实验组１８只,术后给强噪声刺激每天６小时,对照组１８只无噪声刺激;观察两组实验第１０天和第４０天时的大鼠胃溃疡面积。结果经强噪声暴露再灌注盐酸后大鼠胃粘膜损伤指数为１８２．８０±６１．３２,较对照组的６９４．７０±１８３．０２有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０００１）。慢性胃溃疡模型术后给强噪声暴露第１０天和第４０天的大鼠溃疡面积各与其对照组比较明显为大,均有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论强噪声暴露对大鼠急性胃粘膜损伤及慢性胃溃疡愈合有明显负性影响