奥利司他对肥胖IGT人群糖尿病预防效果

目的 探讨奥利司他(Orlistat,赛尼可)对肥胖糖耐量低减(IGT)患者的干预效果。方法 患者随机分两组奥利司他治疗组(50例)和对照组(51例),治疗为期1年,于治疗前后测量血脂、口服糖耐量试验(OGTT)、体重、身高等指标。结果1年后,治疗组上述指标明显改善(P<0.01),其恶化为糖尿病的发病率明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论 在肥胖IGT干预治疗中,奥利司他加饮食和运动治疗后可使体重减轻,改善糖耐量,明显减少糖尿病的发生。     

基于影像组学分类器术前预测直肠非黏液性腺癌淋巴结转移

目的：探讨影像组学方法在术前预测直肠非黏液性腺癌淋巴结转移中的价值。方法：回顾性分析91例手术病理切片证实为直肠非黏液性腺癌患者的影像学资料,其中61例为训练样本,30例为验证样本。基于全瘤体积,从每个原发病灶术前高分辨T2加权成像(T2-weighted imaging,T2WI)图像中提取影像组学特征1 301个。基于训练样本,利用最小绝对收缩和选择算子(the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator,LASSO)逻辑回归方法筛选关键特征并构建影像组学分类器。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价影像组学分类器的辨别效能,并将其与形态学标准进行比较。在验证样本中验证影像组学分类器的价值。结果：由5个影像组学特征构建的分类器与淋巴结转移状态有关(P<0.001)。在训练样本和验证样本中,影像组学分类器诊断淋巴结转移的曲线下面积分别为0.874(95% CI：0.787~0.960)和0.878(95% CI：0.727~1.000),形态学标准诊断淋巴结转移的曲线下面积分别为0.619(95% CI：0.487~0.752)和0.556(95% CI：0.355~0.756)。无论是训练样本还是验证样本,影像组学分类器的诊断效能均高于形态学标准(均P<0.05)。结论：影像组学分类器可术前个体化预测直肠非黏液性腺癌淋巴结转移,而且其诊断效能高于形态学标准。     

股骨近端髓内钉与动力髋螺钉在股骨粗隆部骨折治疗中临床疗效的对比分析

[目的]评价股骨近端髓内钉(PFNA)与动力髋螺钉(DHS)在股骨粗隆骨折治疗中的临床疗效.[方法]将应用PFNA(39例)与DHS(36例)治疗的75例患者,从术中情况、术后并发症以及术后髋关节功能的恢复情况对两种治疗方法的临床疗效进行比较分析.[结果]DHS的手术失血量高于PFNA(P＜0.05),同时其术后并发症也较PFNA明显增多(P＜0.05),髋关节功能Harris评分优秀率也低于PFNA治疗组(P＜0.05).[结论]PFNA在治疗上较DHS具有操作简单、创伤小、骨折固定牢固、并发症少及术后患者可早期离床负重等优点,是一种治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的理想方法,值得临床推广使用.     

Epidemiologic Correlation and Drug Resistance Analysis of Pathogenic Bacteria in Different Open Limb Injury External Conditions

ObjectiveTo study the epidemiological correlation and drug resistance of external factors of infection caused by open injury of limbs to pathogens.MethodsThis experiment is a retrospective study. We took the geographical location and climate of Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China as the background, analyzed 2017 strains of pathogens from 1589 patients with limb trauma infection in a University Affiliated Hospital from 2012 to 2017. Patients were divided into three groups according to the type of incision: I, In‐hospital infection of clean limb incision, II, In‐hospital infection with open injury, III, Community infection with open injury of the limb. Groups II and Groups III were divided into six subgroups according to the causes of trauma, including: accidents from non‐motor vehicles, machinery, cutting/piercing, pedestrian injuries, struck by/against, pedal cycles, and other injuries. We found eight common pathogens of orthopedic infection, which were mainly divided into Gram‐positive bacteria (G+, mainly including Staphylococcus) and Gram‐negative bacteria (G‐, mainly Enterobacteriaceae). The relationship between main pathogens and damage mechanism, apparent temperature and relative humidity was discussed in this study. SPSS v22.0 was used for statistical analysis of the data. Friedman''s two‐way ANOVA was used to analyze the difference between the injury mechanism and incidence of pathogenic bacteria. Linear regression was used to determine the trend between the incidence of major pathogens and seasonal temperature and humidity. The level of significance was set as P < 0.05.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the distribution of pathogens between Groups II and Groups III (P>0.05). The drug resistance of Groups III was significantly higher than that of Groups II and Groups I. G+ bacteria were resistant to cephalosporin, ceftriaxone and other cephalosporins and erythromycin and other macrolides. They were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. G‐ were resistant to the first‐ and the second‐generation cephalosporins, including cefotetan and cefazolin, and ampicillin and other penicillins, while they were sensitive to third‐generation cephalosporins, such as ceftazidime, as well as to levofloxacin and other quinolones, meropenem, and other beta‐lactamases. The correlation between the injury mechanism and infection of pathogenic bacteria was not significant. The monthly average apparent temperature and relative humidity were correlated with the infection rate of pathogenic bacteria.ConclusionIn open injury of extremities, apparent temperature and relative humidity is an important risk factor for infection by pathogenic bacteria and the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in out‐of‐hospital infection was lower than that of hospital infection.     

增殖细胞核抗原突变体的稳定高表达对HeLa细胞顺铂敏感性的影响

目的 建立稳定高表达增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)或突变体PC-NA(mutant PCNA,mPCNA)目的蛋白的宫颈癌细胞系HeLa细胞,观察PCNA在顺铂诱导的DNA损伤修复中的作用.方法 采用显性负突变策略,通过构建重组人PCNA或mPCNA的真核表达质粒pCDNA3.1/V5-His A-PCNA(His-PCNA)和pCDNA31/V5-His A-mPCNA(His-mPCNA),稳定转染到HeLa细胞中,G418筛选建立稳定高表达目的蛋白的HeLa细胞系;Western印迹法检测蛋白的表达情况;MTT法测定顺铂损伤后不同细胞系的细胞存活率.结果 真核表达质粒经酶切、测序分析与实验设计完全一致;稳定建系后,Western印迹结果显示在相应位置可见清楚的目的条带;MTT结果显示稳定高表达突变体PCNA的细胞系与对照组相比,其细胞存活率呈明显下降趋势.结论 成功构建了真核表达质粒His-PCNA和His-mPC-NA;建立了稳定高表达该质粒的HeLa细胞系;稳定高表达突变体PCNA的细胞系对顺铂损伤更敏感.     

Thyroid dysfunction during PD-1 inhibitor treatment in patients with cancer: Incidence and association with progression-free survival

The use of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors has recently been approved in China. As a consequence, the identification of relevant prognostic markers that can assess the efficacy of these compounds is required. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the incidence of thyroid dysfunction and its ability to predict progression-free survival (PFS) in Chinese patients with cancer who received PD-1 inhibitor treatment. Data from 72 patients with cancer who received treatment with PD-1 inhibitors alone or in combination with chemotherapy or targeted drugs were analyzed. Moreover, the expression levels of free triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyrotropin during treatment were assessed to evaluate thyroid dysfunction. A total of 26 (36.1%) patients who had received PD-1 inhibitors developed thyroid dysfunction. Specifically, the incidence of thyroid dysfunction was 35.6% in patients with lung cancer, 25.0% in patients with malignant melanoma, and 46.7% in patients with other types of cancer. In addition, the median PFS was 7.0 (95% confidence interval, 4.9-9.1) months, whereas the 1- and 2-year PFS rates were 35.1 and 26.2%, respectively. Generally, patients with thyroid dysfunction exhibited longer PFS compared with those without thyroid dysfunction (P=0.001). Subgroup analyses were subsequently performed, which demonstrated that thyroid dysfunction was associated with longer PFS in patients with malignant melanoma (P=0.039) and other types of cancer (P=0.002), but not in those with lung cancer (P=0.083). These findings were noted in patients who received PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy (P=0.003), but not PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy (P=0.172) or PD-1 inhibitor plus targeted therapy (P=0.582). Finally, thyroid dysfunction [P=0.001; hazard ratio (HR)=0.260] and PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy (P=0.015; HR=2.231) were identified as independent factors that could predict PFS. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that thyroid dysfunction during PD-1 inhibitor treatment could be used as a potential marker for the prognosis of favorable PFS in patients with cancer.     

水通道蛋白-9与脑部疾病

水通道蛋白-9(AQP9)是水通道蛋白家族中特殊的一员,对水和多种中性溶质均具有转运活性.AQP9在脑内主要分布于神经胶质细胞、内皮细胞和儿茶酚胺能神经元.目前AQP9在脑内的功能还不完全清楚,初步认为除维持脑内水代谢平衡外,还可能在能量代谢方面发挥重要作用.AQP9与脑部涉及水或能量代谢的疾病如脑血管病、帕金森病和脑肿瘤等密切相关.     

Comparing the efficacy of different intra-articular injections for knee osteoarthritis: A network analysis

Background:The findings on the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma, ozone, and hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee are controversial, and the existing original studies and meta-analyses are mostly comparisons of a single joint cavity injection method, lacking direct and indirect comparisons of different drugs in the joint cavity. The lack of direct and indirect comparisons of different drugs in the joint cavity makes it difficult to have a clearer and more comprehensive understanding of joint cavity injection methods. In this study, the efficacy of platelet-rich, ozone, sodium hyaluronate, and combined knee cavity injections were compared directly or indirectly using a reticulated meta-analysis in this field, and the efficacy of treatment measures was ranked to provide more comprehensive and reliable evidence-based clinical evidence for the selection of knee cavity injections in osteoarthritis of the knee.Objective:To compare the effects of platelet-rich plasma, ozone, and sodium glassate injection interventions on the efficacy of osteoarthritis of the knee through reticulated Meta-analysis, and to comprehensively compare the clinical effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma, ozone, and sodium glassate injection joint cavity injection for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee.Methods:The PubMed, CBM, CNKI, VIP, and Wan-Fang databases were searched for information on the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma, ozone, and sodium vitrate injection for the comparative treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee, with a search time frame of each database from the date of creation to July 20, 2021. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and evaluated the quality of the literature in parallel. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 software to compare the differences in the efficacy of each treatment measure using the ratio and 95% confidence interval as effect indicators and to rank the efficacy.Results:Thirty-three RCTs with 7003 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee were included, involving 5 therapeutic measures. Meta-analysis showed that the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma injection was superior to both ozone and hyaluronic acid therapies. Hyaluronic acid+ozone and platelet-rich plasma+hyaluronic acid were both superior to ozone and hyaluronic acid monotherapy. The differences in efficacy between hyaluronic acid and ozone compared with platelet-rich plasma were statistically significant, and the differences in efficacy between the 2 combination therapies (platelet-rich plasma+hyaluronic acid, hyaluronic acid+ozone) and the 3 monotherapies (platelet-rich plasma, ozone, hyaluronic acid) were statistically significant. Platelet-rich plasma+hyaluronic acid, hyaluronic acid+ozone compared with 3 monotherapies (platelet-rich plasma, ozone, hyaluronic acid) were statistically significant, except for the difference in efficacy with platelet-rich plasma, which was not statistically significant, indicating that this platelet-rich plasma+hyaluronic acid and Hyaluronic acid+ozone combination therapy was superior to monotherapy. Also, the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma was better than hyaluronic acid and ozone and the difference was statistically significant, indicating that platelet-rich plasma was more effective than ozone and sodium glass in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee in monotherapy.Conclusion:It is believed that in the course of clinical practice, hyaluronic acid+ozone or platelet-rich plasma+hyaluronic acid combination therapy or platelet-rich plasma therapy can be preferred for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.     

ROC曲线评价尿微量白蛋白和血清Cystatin C在2型糖尿病早期肾损伤中的诊断价值

目的 应用ROC曲线(relative operating characteristic)评价尿微量白蛋白(mAlb)及Cystatin C在糖尿病肾病的早期诊断价值.方法 对152例尿常规检查蛋白阴性的糖尿病患者应用单光子发射计算机断层摄影显像技术行肾动态显像和肾小球滤过率检查,并与尿微量白蛋白及Cystatin C行ROC分析.结果 Cystatin C临界点取1.3 mg/L时ROC曲线下面积0.893,敏感性78.26%,特异性84.9%,阳性似然比5.17,阴性似然比0.52,Youden指数0.736,比数积52.41.尿微量白蛋白临界点取15.6 mg/L时,ROC曲线下面积0.681,敏感性60.87%,特异性79.2%,阳性似然比3.23,阴性似然比0.27,Youden指数0.564,比数积46.38.结论 血清Cystatin C较尿微量白蛋白在2型糖尿病肾病早期损伤诊断中有更好的灵敏性和特异性.     

肺开放通气治疗重症急性胰腺炎并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征研究

目的探讨肺开放通气治疗重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)疗效及其对血流动力学的影响。方法将20例重症胰腺炎并发急性呼吸窘迫综合证(ARDS)随机分为Ⅰ组:肺开放通气组(肺保护通气联合肺复张术)和Ⅱ组:常规肺保护通气组,比较两组通气前,通气后12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h血气指标,Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组同时间血气指标和Ⅰ组肺开放通气前后心率,平均动脉压。结果两组通气后较通气前PaO2,SaO2,氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)显著改善,Ⅰ组较Ⅱ组通气后PaO2,SaO2,氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)增加更显著,Ⅰ组通气前后心率和平均动脉压无显著变化。结论肺开放通气较常规肺保护通气更能提高氧合且对血流动力学无影响。