微创经皮肾镜取石术中肾盂内压变化对术后发热的影响

目的 探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术(MPCNL)术中肾盂内压变化对术后发热的影响.方法 采用压力传感器实时测量80例MPCNL手术患者肾盂内压,采用Logistic回归分析统计肾盂内压等因素变化与术后发热的关系.结果 80例患者术中平均肾盂内压14.72 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),肾盂内压≥30 mm Hg平均累积时间为116.06 s,术后出现体温≥38.5℃者15例.Logistic回归分析显示,术后发热与性别(P=0.195)、年龄(P=0.641)、尿路感染(P=0.663)、术后血常规白细胞≥10×10<'9>/L(P=0.751)、术中肾盂内压曾≥40 mm Hg(P=0.662)不相关,而与感染性结石(P=0.000),通道大小(P=0.029)、术中平均肾盂内压(P=0.036)、术中平均肾盂内压≥20 mm Hg(P=0.013)、肾盂内压≥30 mm Hg时间(P=0.010)相关,术中肾盂内压≥30mm Hg状态持续50 S以上者术后发热率发生显著增高(P=0.024).结论 MPCNL术中肾盂内压总的趋势小于一般认为引起肾实质反流的极限(30 mm Hg).术后发热与MPCNL导致的肾盂内压短暂性增高不相关,但肾盂内压≥30 mm Hg状态持续>50 S、总平均肾盂内压升高将引起术后发热发生率增高.     

非诺贝特和阿托伐他汀对ApoE基因敲除小鼠外周血单核细胞TLR4表达的影响

目的 探讨非诺贝特和阿托伐他汀对动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis, AS)模型小鼠单核细胞Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor 4, TLR4)表达的影响.方法 apoE基因缺陷(apoE deficient,apoE-/-)小鼠被随机分为3组,分别为阿托伐他汀干预组、非诺贝特干预组、模型组,每组10只.前两组分别给予阿托伐他汀10 mg·kg-1·d-1和非诺贝特100 mg·kg-1·d-1,对照组给予等量蒸馏水灌胃.8周后,测定血清低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)水平,并应用流式细胞仪检测各组小鼠外周血单核细胞表面TLR4的表达.结果 各组小鼠血脂水平无统计学差异.与单纯高脂餐喂养组相比,非诺贝特干预组小鼠TLR4表达明显降低(P=0.02);阿托伐他汀干预组TLR4表达轻度升高,但无统计学意义.结论 非诺贝特可降低TLR4表达,可能参与AS进程中介导的天然免疫反应.     

5-羟色胺受体与泌尿反射调控的研究进展

下泌尿道储尿和排尿功能涉及脊髓反射和脊髓上反射,研究表明5-羟色胺能系统参与调节这两个反射通路.5-羟色胺(5-HT)受体根据对不同的5-HT的激动剂/拮抗剂的反应和不同的基因结构分为7大类(5-HT1-7)和至少14种结构不同的受体亚型.其中5-HT1A、5-H12、5-HT3、5-HT5A、5-HT7受体提示涉及控制泌尿反射,而5-HT1A、5-HT2受体在泌尿反射调控中存在明显的物种差异性.     

左西孟旦在心脏外科手术的应用

心脏外科手术中体外循环后心功能障碍的病人常需要正性肌力药物的支持.传统的正性肌力药由于存在增加心肌氧耗和致心律失常的危险,临床应用受到一定限制.左西孟旦,一种新型强心剂-钙增敏剂,其强心作用机制是增加心肌收缩蛋白对钙离子的敏感性,并通过激活KATP发挥扩血管和抗缺血效应.现有的临床资料表明左西孟旦在治疗术中高危或合并左心功能不全的心脏手术病人以及帮助病人顺利脱离体外循环方面具有很好的应用前景.     

The changes of relative position of the thoracic aorta after anterior or posterior instrumentation of type I Lenke curve in adolescent idiopathic thoracic scoliosis

The risk of impingement of the aorta associated with thoracic vertebral screw or pedicle screw instrumentation in the treatment of thoracic scoliosis has been an important concern. To understand this phenomenon more systematically, the relative position of the aorta with reference to the thoracic vertebrae in right thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) following anterior and posterior spinal instrumentation was analyzed in detail quantitatively; 34 patients underwent anterior (n = 14) or posterior (n = 20) spinal instrumentation were recruited in the present study. The relative position of the thoracic aorta, vertebral rotation, apical vertebral translation and thoracic kyphosis were measured from pre- and post-operative CT images from T5 to T12. The aorta was found to shift antero-medially in the anterior instrumentation group but not in the posterior spinal instrumentation group. It is likely that the disc removal, soft tissue release and spontaneous vertebral derotation of the scoliosis could account for the antero-medial shifting of the aorta. By the shifting, the space for contralateral screw penetration was reduced.     

先天性脊柱侧凸患者的背部皮肤病变及其临床意义

目的 分析先天性脊柱侧凸患者背部中线处皮肤病变及其临床意义.方法 回顾性分析在我院初次诊治、存在背部中线处皮肤病变的先天性脊柱侧凸,除外脊髓脊膜膨出患者.结果 在1990年～2005年诊治的先天性脊柱侧凸患者中,63例患者存在背部中线处皮肤病变,具体表现为背部异常毛发32例,皮肤色素斑22例,背部软组织包块3例,背部皮肤凹陷1例,色素斑和异常毛发3例,异常毛发和皮下结节2例.13例(20.6%)患者同时存在椎管内异常,包括脊髓纵裂10例,脊髓空洞症2例,脂肪瘤1例.13例患者中,先天性脊柱侧凸类型表现为形成障碍3例,分节障碍2例,混合型8例,84.6%(11/13)为多发椎体畸形.此13例患者的皮肤异常具体表现为多毛7例,色素斑3例,背部肿物2例,皮肤凹陷1例,不同皮肤异常类型之间椎管内异常的发生率比较无统计学意义.同期诊治无背部皮肤病变的先天性脊柱侧凸294.例,11例(3.7%)存在椎管内异常,其发生率同存在皮肤病变的患者相比,差异存在统计学意义(P=0.000).结论 背部中线处皮肤病变可能是先天性脊柱侧凸患者尤其是合并多发椎体畸形者合并椎管内异常的一个标志.     

Microarray gene-expression profiling to predict lymph node metastasis in penile carcinoma

OBJECTIVE

To determine the value of gene‐expression profiling as a predictor of the status of the regional nodes in patients with penile carcinoma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Tumour samples of 56 patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma were analysed for the gene expression on 35 k oligoarrays; 32 were from patients with histopathologically confirmed lymph node metastases and 24 from those with no lymph node involvement. The 56 patients were divided into a training and validation set. For the training set, 15 patients with histopathologically confirmed nodal metastases and 15 without were selected. The validation set consisted of the remaining 26 patients, containing 17 node‐positive and nine with no nodal metastases.

RESULTS

A 44‐probe classifier had the best performance within the training set; this classifier correctly assigned 29 of 30 specimens in the training set to the two outcome groups. In the validation set of 26 tumours, the classifier correctly assigned 14 of the 26 (54%) specimens to the two outcome groups. Of the 17 specimens with histologically confirmed nodal involvement, 12 were classified as node‐positive and five as node‐negative, resulting in a sensitivity of 71%. Of the nine specimens from node‐negative patients, two were correctly classified as node‐negative and seven as node positive, resulting in a specificity of 22%.

CONCLUSIONS

In this series, gene expression profiling did not produce a useful classifier to predict nodal involvement in patients with penile carcinoma.     

结直肠海绵状血管瘤的诊断及外科治疗

目的 总结国内文献中结直肠海绵状血管瘤的临床病例特点和外科治疗方式.方法 回顾性分析北京协和医院1993年至2006年收治的4例和检索1979年至2006年国内文献报道的54例结直肠海绵状血管瘤的病例资料.结果 男女发病比例为100:1.0,43.1%的患者在婴幼儿时期发病,98.3%的患者表现为反复血便,纤维结肠镜、直肠CT和磁共振成像的诊断准确率为100%.91.4%的患者病变呈弥漫浸润性,8.6%的病变表现为局限性.82.8%的患者接受了外科干预治疗,3.5%的患者未接受治疗.结论 纤维结肠镜是诊断结直肠海绵状血管瘤的首选诊断方式.外科手术方式的选择方面应该根据患者的具体情况而定.