板股韧带的MRI研究及临床意义

目的　明确板股韧带正常MRI表现 ,建立由它所致假撕裂与外侧半月板后角真撕裂的鉴别方法。资料与方法　采用 6 0侧正常膝进行矢状和冠状位MR扫描 ,观察板股韧带的MRI表现。结果　板股韧带显示率为88.3% (5 3侧 ) ,其中板股前韧带为 2 6 .7% (16侧 )、板股后韧带为 86 .7% (5 2侧 )和两条韧带同时存在为 2 3.3% (14侧 )。板股韧带在矢状像上表现为位于后交叉韧带前或后方的类圆形或短棒状低信号结构 ,而在冠状像上表现为自外侧半月板后角至股骨内侧髁外侧面的条带样低信号结构。在矢状像上 ,5 2 .8% (2 8/5 3)板股韧带与外侧半月板后角之间显示出一线样高信号 ,被称为假撕裂 ,易与外侧半月板后角撕裂混淆。但假撕裂仅有两种走行方向即后下斜行 (2 1/2 8)或垂直方向 (7/2 8)。结论　根据假撕裂位置、方向以及冠状像和连续矢状面的观察 ,可正确区分外侧半月板后角真假撕裂     

夜间电子生物阻抗测量装置对阴茎勃起功能障碍的检测

目的 :探讨夜间电子生物阻抗测量装置 (NEVA)在阴茎勃起功能障碍的诊断中的应用价值。方法 :对 4 1例主诉阴茎勃起功能障碍者 (障碍组 ) 19例主诉无勃起功能障碍但有射精障碍者 (无障碍组 )进行NEVA检测。结果 :障碍组夜间试验中的夜间勃起的次数、阴茎勃起的最大体积改变、最长持续时间等客观指标均要差于无障碍组 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :NEVA为非侵入性检测、可鉴别心理性阴茎勃起功能障碍和严重的器质性勃起功能障碍 ,且对勃起功能障碍的定性和定量具有一定的客观性。     

聚氨酯避孕套临床前使用可行性和可接受性分析

目的 对使用新型聚氨酯(Pu)男用避孕套的可行性和可接受性进行初步观察。方法 对30对健康已婚夫妇为期6周360次使用国产PU避孕套的效果进行问卷调查。结果 避孕套总破裂率(临床破裂 非临床破裂)为2．22％，临床滑脱率为16．5％，使用观察期间无意外妊娠发生。结论 新型PU避孕套的破裂率和滑脱率分别相近于和高于报道的乳胶避孕套使用情况，感官指标反映PU避孕套具有良好的可接受性。     

闭合复位空心钉治疗中老年股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死的多元相关研究

目的探讨影响闭合复位空心钉治疗中老年股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死的相关因素及其多元关系。方法对1999年5月～2004年5月间收治的300例中老年股骨颈骨折患者进行回顾性分析,所有患者均行闭合复位空心钉固定。对随访资料完整的99例患者资料运用SPSS10．0软件进行统计学分析,即对其年龄、性别、骨折类型、复位时间、复位质量、完全负重时间、内固定是否取出及术前是否行牵引等因素进行多因素分析。结果99例患者获平均24．5个月(8～60个月)随访。15例出现股骨头坏死,坏死率为15．2%,发生坏死的时间为术后8～50个月。由复位质量、术前牵引、年龄及年龄×取出内固定构成的多因素组对股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死的影响最显著。结论闭合复位质量对股骨颈骨折预后的影响程度极大；不良位置的术前牵引可能加重股骨头坏死；年龄在多因素共同影响中的相对危险度不大；Garden分型是判断股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死的一项重要指标,与骨折复位质量具有相关性,但其并非是多因素共同影响下造成股骨头坏死的危险因素。     

Changes in hippocampal neurons and memory function during the developmental stage of newborn rats with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

BACKGROUND: Under the normal circumstance, there exist some synapses with inactive functions in central nervous system (CNS), but these functions are activated following nerve injury. At the early stage of brain injury, the abnormal functions of brain are varied, and they have very strong plasticity and are corrected easily. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of neuronal morphology in hippocampal CA1 region and memory function in newborn rats with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) from ischemia 6 hours to adult. DESIGN: Completely randomized grouping, controlled experiment. SETTING: Taian Health Center for Women and Children; Taishan Medical College. MATERIALS: Altogether 120 seven-day-old Wistar rats, of clean grade, were provided by the Experimental Animal Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Synaptophysin (SYN) polyclonal antibody was provided by Maixin Biological Company, Fuzhou. METHODS: This experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Morphology, Taishan Medical College between October 2000 and December 2003. ① The newborn rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: model group and control group, 60 rats in each group. Five rats were chosen from each group at postoperative 6 hours, 24 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, 2 weeks and 3 weeks separately for immunohistochemical staining. Fifteen newborn rats were chosen from each group at postoperative 4 weeks and 2 months separately for testing memory ability (After test, 5 rats from each group were sacrificed and used for immunohistochemical staining)② The right common carotid artery of newborn rats of model group was ligated under the anesthetized status. After two hours of incubation, the rats were placed for 2 hours in a container filled with nitrogen oxygen atmosphere containing 0.08 volume fraction of oxygen, thus, HIE models were created; As for the newborn rats in the control group, only blood vessels were isolated, and they were not ligated and hypoxia-treated. ③ Thalamencephal tissue sections of newborn rats of two groups were performed DAB developing and haematoxylin slight staining. Cells with normal nucleous in 250 μm-long granular layer which started from hippocampal CA1 region were counted with image analysis system under high-fold optical microscope (×600), and the thickness of granular layer was measured. The absorbance (A) of positive reactant of SYN in immunohistochemically-stained CA1 region was measured. Learning and memory ability were measured with step through test 3 times successively. ④ t test and paired t test were used for comparing intergroup and intragroup difference of measurement data respectively, and Chi-square for comparing the difference of enumeration data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of cytological changes in hippocampal CA1 region and memory ability at different postoperative time points between two groups. RESULTS: Totally 120 newborn rats were involved in the result analysis. ① Cell morphological changes in hippocampal CA1 region: In the control group, with aging, perikaryon, nucleus and nucleolus in cortex of parietal lobe were significantly increased, Nissl body was compacted, the amount of neurons was declined, but the A of SYN positive reactant was relatively increased. In the model group, at postoperative each time point, neurons were seriously shrunk and dark-stained, nucleus was contracted, chromatin was condensed, nucleolus was unclear, even cells disappeared, especially the cells in 6 hours and 24 hours groups. The amount of neurons with normal morphology in hippocampal CA1 region and granular layer thickness in the model group at postoperative each time point were significantly less or smaller than those in the control group at postoperative 6 hours respectively (t =3.002-1.254, P < 0.01). The A value of SYN positive reactant at postoperative 2, 3 and 4 weeks was significantly higher than that at previous time point (t =2.011－2.716,P < 0.05－0.01). ② Test results of learning and memory ability: In the first test, there was no significant difference in the ratio of rats which kept memory ability between two groups (P > 0.05); In the third test, the ratio of rats which kept memory ability in the model group was significantly lower than that in the control group at postoperative 4 weeks and 2 months[53%(8/15)，100%(15/15)；60%(9/15)，93%(14/15)，χ 2=2.863，2.901，P < 0.01]. CONCLUSION: The destroyed hippocampal structure induces the decrease of learning and memory ability of developmental rats. Early interference can increase the quality of neurons and also promote functional development of the nervous system.     

一个医学生眼里的医学伦理学教育

主要通过医学生的视角，从教学内容、教学方法等方面谈了对医学伦理学教育的感受和一些建议，并通过医学生的声音反映医学伦理学教育的成果以及存在的一些问题。     

Diabetes Education: Whose Priorities Are Met?

Two hundred Type 2 diabetic patients newly referred to the diabetes centre at a large university teaching hospital were studied over an 8-month period. Patients completed a diabetes knowledge questionnaire, and specified their educational priorities by selecting six diabetes-related topics from a list of 14. After giving 1 h of individual education and using the same list, the educators selected six topics which they considered to be most important for that particular patient to know. Choice of educational priorities differed between the patients and the corresponding educator (p less than 0.001). In only 38% of cases did the educators' first three priorities coincide with those of the patients. The major discrepancies were in the selection of 'sick day management' and 'complications', especially favoured by patients, as against 'oral hypoglycaemic agents' and other therapy-related topics, especially favoured by educators. Diabetes knowledge was a determinant of educational priority for patients (p less than 0.001) but not educators. In contrast, only the educators' overall choices were affected by duration of diabetes (p less than 0.001). Diabetes treatment type influenced both patients' and educators' selection of priorities (p less than 0.001). We conclude that an educational strategy which relies on health professionals' perceptions to determine what diabetic patients need to know may be inadequate.     

Studies on monoclonal anti-isotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies against leukemia and myeloma: IV modulation of membrane fluidity of leukemic cell lines and tonsillar cell stimulated with McAbs

Summary In this study the technique of labelling the cell membrane with DPH fluorescence polarization was used to observe the membrane fluidity of B lymphocytic cell lines and tonsillar cells from healthy persons; the modulation effect on membrane-fluidity induced by McAbs against isotypic and idiotypic determinants of IgM from patients with leukemia was studied as well. The expression of the corresponding isotypic and idiotypic determinants of IgM on the cell membrane was determined. The results show that the membrane fluidity of leukemic cell lines is remarkably higher than that of tonsillar cells from healthy persons, and McAbs against isotypic determinants of leukemic IgM can enhance the membrane fluidity of all kinds of cells mentioned above. However, the anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody increased only the membrane fluidity of leukemic cell lines. These results indicated that there was a close relationship between the effect of McAbs on cell membrane fluidity and the expression of corresponding isotypic and idiotypic determinants of IgM on the cell membrane.     

大鼠实验性脾虚证胰岛A、B和D细胞的免疫组织化学研究

用免疫组织化学ＰＡＰ法显示实验性脾虚组和正常对照组大鼠胰岛Ｂ细胞（胰岛素细胞）、Ａ细胞（胰高血糖素细胞）和Ｄ细胞（生长抑素细胞）．结果显示，实验组胰岛素分泌升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），胰高血糖素和生长抑素分泌下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。实验结果提示大鼠胰岛Ａ、Ｂ和Ｄ细胞分泌活动的变化与脾虚证的症候可能有密切关系。     

Chemical constituents of Hedysarum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz]

Butanedioic acid was isolated from the ethyl alcohol extract of Hedysarum polybotrys. The methylated carboxylic acid was identified by GC-MS method.