Dopamine D3 receptor activation promotes neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation through AKT and ERK1/2 pathways and expands type‐B and ‐C cells in adult subventricular zone

The neurotransmitter dopamine acts on the subventricular zone (SVZ) to regulate both prenatal and postnatal neurogenesis, in particular through D₃ receptor (D₃R) subtype. In this study, we explored the cellular mechanism(s) underlying D₃R‐mediated cell proliferation and tested if systemic delivery of a D₃R agonist would induce SVZ multipotent neural stem/precursor cell (NSC/NPC) proliferation in vivo. We found that treatment with the D₃R agonist, 7‐OH‐DPAT, enhances cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner in cultured SVZ neurospheres from wild‐type, but not D₃R knock‐out mice. Furthermore, D₃R activation also stimulates S‐phase and enhances mRNA and protein levels of cyclin D1 in wild‐type neurospheres, a process which requires cellular Akt and ERK1/2 signaling. Moreover, chronic treatment with low dose 7‐OH‐DAPT in vivo increases BrdU⁺ cell numbers in the adult SVZ, but this effect was not seen in D₃R KO mice. Additionally, we probed the cell type specificity of D₃R agonist‐mediated cell proliferation. We found that in adult SVZ, GFAP⁺ astrocytes, type‐B GFAP⁺/nestin⁺ and type‐C EGF receptor (EGFR⁺)/nestin⁺ cells express D₃R mRNA, but type‐A Doublecortin (Dcx)⁺ neuroblasts do not. Using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence, we demonstrated that D₃R activation increases GFAP⁺ type‐B and EGFR⁺ type‐C cell numbers, and the newly divided Dcx⁺ type‐A cells. However, BrdU⁺/Dcx⁺ cell numbers were decreased in D₃R KO mice compared to wildtype, suggesting that D₃R maintains constitutive NSC/NPCs population in the adult SVZ. Overall, we demonstrate that D₃R activation induces NSC/NPC proliferation through Akt and ERK1/2 signaling and increases the numbers of type‐B and ‐C NSC/NPCs in the adult SVZ. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Prevalence of thoracic scoliosis in adults 25 to 64 years of age detected during routine chest radiographs

Purpose

To investigate the prevalence of thoracic scoliosis and determine the effect of both age and gender on coronal curve magnitude among asymptomatic adults aged 25–64 years old, using standing posterior-anterior chest radiographs.

Methods

This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study evaluating 500 randomly selected digital posterior-anterior chest radiographs taken at a single institution on an outpatient basis between January 2010 and December 2011. Males (n = 184) and females (n = 316) ranged in age from 25 to 64 years. Patients with symptoms of back pain; including a history of back pain, spinal instrumentation, or known pre-existing spinal disease were excluded. Radiographs were evaluated using Centricity PACS Web Diagnostic 2.1 system (General Electric Co. Fairfield, CT). Coronal Cobb angle measurements of the thoracic spine were quantified by the authors, with scoliosis defined as coronal curves greater than 10°. Curvatures were subdivided into groups: a control group with coronal curves less than 10°, curves measuring 10° to 19°, 20° to 29°, and greater than 30°. The effect of age and gender on curve magnitude was examined using Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis.

Results

There was a 13.4 % (67 patients) prevalence of thoracic scoliosis. The prevalence among asymptomatic males was 10.9 %, while the prevalence among asymptomatic females was 14.9 %. 11.6 % demonstrated a coronal curvature between 10° and 19° (58 patients), 1.6 % between 20° and 29° (8 patients), and 0.2 % greater than 30° (1 patient). Age and gender were not found to be significant independent predictors of curve severity.

Conclusions

We found a 13.4 % prevalence of thoracic scoliosis among asymptomatic adults aged 25–64 years on routine outpatient chest radiographs. 11.6 % of patients demonstrated a coronal curvature between 10° and 19°. Unlike prior studies evaluating asymptomatic thoracic curves in elderly patients, age and gender did not significantly affect curve magnitude in our younger cohort. These data may provide a reference point to help clinicians counsel asymptomatic patients diagnosed with thoracic scoliosis on routine chest radiographs.

     

学习状态对齿状回神经干细胞增殖的影响

目的：观察学习状态与学习不良对齿状回神经干细胞增殖状况的影响。方法：本实验于2005-5／10在广西医科大学神经解剖实验室完成，实验动物为成年雄性昆明小鼠。共27只。动物随机分为水迷宫训练组（n=18）及对照组n=9）。对照组不进行水迷宫训练。水迷宫训练组在经过训练后，根据其水迷宫训练中的表现将动物分为正常学习组和不良学习组。水迷宫训练组动物于水迷宫训练最后3d。以40mg／kg进行5-溴脱氧尿苷（BrdU）腹腔注射，每日3次。12h内完成。对照组同步进行5-澳脱氧尿苷注射；然后在水迷宫训练后的第1、7、14天，应用免疫组化染色检测齿状回神经干细胞的增殖及存活情况。 结果：各组实验动物均进入结果分析。无脱落。①学习状态对神经干细胞增殖的影响：正常学习组小鼠的5-溴脱氧尿苷阳性细胞数明显多于对照组和不良学习组（P〈0．01）。而对照组与不良学习组之间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。②学习状态对增殖神经干细胞细胞存活的影响：水迷宫训练后第7天。正常学习组与不良学习组小鼠齿状回5-溴脱氧尿苷阳性细胞均数均明显多于对照组（P〈0．01）。正常学习组5-溴脱氧尿苷阳性细胞数多于不良学习组（P〈0．05）；水迷宫训练后第14天。正常学习组与不良学习组小鼠齿状回5-澳脱氧尿苷阳性细胞均数仍明显多于对照组小鼠（P〈0．01）；而正常学习组与不良学习组之间差异无显著性。 结论：神经干细胞的增殖活动不但受到学习记忆的调节，而且还与学习状态有关，但不良学习状态对齿状回的神经干细胞增殖不产生影响。     

C反应蛋白与老年患者髋部术后谵妄的关系研究

目的：研究CRP与老年患者髋部手术后出现谵妄的关系,探讨谵妄发生、发展的可能机制。方法将髋部骨折术后的老年患者共186例纳入研究,术后24 h内依据重症监护室患者意识模糊评估结果分为谵妄组及非谵妄组,检测并比较两组血清CRP和降钙素原水平。结果谵妄组、非谵妄组CRP分别为（207±86）mg/L、（87±42）mg/L,两组差异有统计学意义（t＝2．427,P＜0．01）;谵妄组、非谵妄组降钙素原水平分别为（0．32±0．11）μg/L、（0．27±0．13）μg/L,两组差异无统计学意义（ t＝0．347,P＞0．05）。结论 CRP可能与谵妄状态相关;非全身性感染性炎性反应可能参与谵妄的发生、发展。     

基于个性化延续护理模式干预对2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者焦虑抑郁及血管内皮功能的影响

目的探讨个性化延续护理模式干预对2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者焦虑抑郁及血管内皮功能的改善作用。 方法选取2019年5月至2020年10月在茂名市人民医院接受治疗的2型糖尿病合并冠心病的60例患者作为研究对象,随机分为处理组和对照组,每组30例,对照组采用常规的护理,处理组则采用个性化延续护理模式,比较两组患者干预前和干预6个月后的焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分和抑郁自评量表（SDS）评分、血清超敏C反应蛋白（h-CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）、一氧化氮（NO）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）及内皮素-1（ET-1）的表水平。 结果干预6个月后处理组其SAS和SDS评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,处理组6个月后患者的h-CRP、IL-6显著低于对照组,而IL-10显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;处理组6个月后患者的NO、VEGF显著高于对照组,而ET-1显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论基于个性化延续护理模式是一种有效促进2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者缓解焦虑抑郁情绪,改善患者内皮功能的护理方式。     

Role of nucleostemin in growth regulation of gastric cancer, liver cancer and other malignancies

AIM: To examine the role of nucleostemin in the growth regulation of gastric cancer, liver cancer and other cancers. METHODS: RT-PCR was used to clone the fragment of nucleostemin cDNA from HEK 293 cells. Eighteen kinds of malignant tumor tissues including gastric adenocarcinoma and liver cancer tissues, 3 kinds of benign tumor tissues, 3 kinds of benign hyperplastic tissues and normal tissues were employed to examine nucleostemin gene expression by RT-PCR, Slot blot, Northern blot and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: We successfully cloned a 570 bp fragment of nucleostemin-cDNA from HEK-293 cells. All detected malignant tumor tissues, benign tumor tissues, and benign hyperplastic tissues had high levels of nucleostemin expression. Nucleostemin was also expressed in human placenta tissue at a high level. In terminally differentiated normal human adult kidney and mammary gland tissues, no nucleostemin expression could be detected. CONCLUSION: Nucleostemin can help regulate the proliferation of both cancer cells and stem cells. It might play an important role in the growth regulation of gastric cancer, liver cancer and other cancers.     

The optimal distance between two electrode tips during recording of compound nerve action potentials in the rat median nerve简

The distance between the two electrode tips can greatly influence the parameters used for record- ing compound nerve action potentials. To investigate the optimal parameters for these recordings in the rat median nerve, we dissociated the nerve using different methods and compound nerve action potentials were orthodromically or antidromically recorded with different electrode spac- ings. Compound nerve action potentials could be consistently recorded using a method in which the middle part of the median nerve was intact, with both ends dissociated from the surrounding fascia and a ground wire inserted into the muscle close to the intact part. When the distance be- tween two stimulating electrode tips was increased, the threshold and supramaximal stimulating intensity of compound nerve action potentials were gradually decreased, but the amplitude was not changed significantly. When the distance between two recording electrode tips was increased, the amplitude was gradually increased, but the threshold and supramaximal stimulating intensity exhibited no significant change. Different distances between recording and stimulating sites did not produce significant effects on the aforementioned parameters. A distance of 5 mm between recording and stimulating electrodes and a distance of 10 mm between recording and stimulating sites were found to be optimal for compound nerve action potential recording in the rat median nerve. In addition, the orthodromic compound action potential, with a biphasic waveform that was more stable and displayed less interference （however also required a higher threshold and higher supramaximal stimulus）, was found to be superior to the antidromic compound action potential.