阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患儿术后生活质量及影响因素研究△

目的 利用儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停疾病特异性生活质量调查表(OSA-18量表)评估阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)患儿在手术干预前后的生活质量变化,分析患儿术后生活质量评分增高可能的影响因素。方法 2018年5月~2019年5月入院接受手术治疗的2~12岁OSA患儿152例。患儿监护人分别在术前,术后3个月、6个月、1年填写OSA-18量表。收集相关病史资料,利用多元线性回归对患儿术前、术后生活质量评分进行统计学分析,探讨与术后评分增高相关的影响因素。结果 152例患儿的平均年龄为(4.82±1.89)岁,59%为男性。与术前[(68.5±15.5)分]相比,术后OSA-18总分在3个月[(44.0±15.5)分]、6个月[(42.4±14.7)分]和1年[(38.7±13.4)分]均显著下降(P值均<0.001)。术前量表5个维度的得分与术后各个时间点相比也均显著下降(P值均<0.001)。比较患儿术后3个月与6个月的总分及各维度评分,除睡眠障碍(P=0.038)外,其余差异均无统计学意义。身体症状评分在术后各个时间点差异也均无统计学意义。根据多元线性回归分析,术前白天功能(P=0.021)是术后3个月生活质量评分增高的影响因素;免疫球蛋白E(P<0.001)和术前身体症状(P=0.027)是术后6个月的影响因素;而患儿性别(P=0.012)则是术后1年的影响因素。结论 手术干预可以给OSA患儿的生活质量带来长期持续性的提高。不同影响因素可能会引起患儿术后不同时期生活质量的下降。     

眼部瘙痒的发生机制及信号通路研究进展

眼部瘙痒是眼表疾病的常见症状之一,人们对眼部瘙痒发生机制了解甚少,临床上往往只能通过使用滴眼液来暂缓眼部不适,眼部瘙痒常常令患者感到无比痛苦和不适。瘙痒感由初级神经元传入,主要是小直径无髓鞘的传入神经元纤维,其胞体位于背根神经节或三叉神经节,这些神经元将瘙痒感从皮肤传递到中枢神经系统。在脊髓中,这些传入神经与背角中的次级神经元突触相连并向大脑发出信号。瘙痒感觉神经元通常被认为是痛觉神经元的一个亚群。强度编码理论认为,在低发射率下,神经元的活动会导致瘙痒的感觉。随着分子生物学和神经科学技术的进步,发现Mas相关G蛋白偶联受体(Mrgpr)蛋白的一个主要功能是瘙痒,并且多数Mrgprs(所有MrgprA、MrgprB和MrgprC亚家族成员、MrgprD)几乎是排他的表达于特定的背根和三叉神经节神经元。本综述将介绍眼部瘙痒的发生机制及信号通路、Mrgpr蛋白在眼部瘙痒方面的作用,并为眼部瘙痒的治疗提供参考。     

Applications of the isolated-check visual evoked potential in primary open angle glaucoma with or without high myopia

AIM: To determine whether the different diameters of a specific intraocular lens (IOL) have significantly different optimised SRK/T A constants and whether these new A constants can improve refractive outcomes. METHODS: Data were collected prospectively from Jan 2011 - Dec 2012 on all patients undergoing routine cataract surgery at a district general hospital in the UK. Patients were divided into three groups according to the size of the Akreos AO MI60 IOL used. A constant for the SRK/T formula were optimised according to the size of the IOL. These optimised A constants were then used to select future refractive outcomes. RESULTS: Totally 2398 cataract operations were performed during the study period of which 1131 met the inclusion criteria. The three optimised A constants for the different sized IOLs were 118.98, 119.13 119.32. The difference between them was highly significant (P≤0.0001). Two optimised A constants for three sizes of IOL led to an improvement in refractive outcomes (from 93.4% to 94.6% of refractive outcomes within 1.00 D of predicted spherical equivalent). The optimised A constant for the largest IOL was based on a small number of cases and was not used. CONCLUSION: Optimising the A constant for the three distinct sizes of the Bausch & Lomb Akreos MI60 lens lead to three significantly different A constants. In our practice, using two different optimised A constants for three different sized IOLs give the least refractive error, however, using three optimised A constants may give better results with a larger dataset.     

Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a mitochondrion-targeting agent for tumor therapy

Mitochondria play an important role in supplying cellular energy, cell signaling and governing cell death. In addition, mitochondria have also been proved to be essential for tumor generation and development. Thus, mitochondrion-targeting therapeutics and treatments have emerged as promising strategies against cancer. However, the lack of mitochondrion-targeting agents has limited their application. To this end, we report cetyltrimethylammonium chloride-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles conjugated with human serum albumin (CTAC@MSNs-HSA) as a mitochondrion-targeting agent for anticancer treatment. As the structure-directing agent in the synthesis of MSNs, CTAC is stored within MSNs. Due to their desirable size and HSA receptor-mediated transcytosis, CTAC@MSNs-HSA show great cellular uptake and enhanced accumulation in the cytoplasm. Positively charged CTAC could actively target mitochondria by interacting with the negatively charged mitochondria membrane, and then lead to the dysfunction of mitochondria by decreasing mitochondrial potential and intracellular ATP levels, resulting in the necrosis and apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. Therefore, significant antitumor activity is observed by in vitro studies. Moreover, in vivo studies confirm that the CTAC@MSNs-HSA are able to induce cancer cell death and efficiently inhibit tumor growth. These results demonstrate the potential of CTAC@MSNs-HSA in cancer therapeutics as well as providing insights into mitochondrion-targeting treatment.

CTAC@MSNs-HSA lead to the dysfunction of mitochondria, resulting in the necrosis and apoptosis of cancer cells.     

Polymer-assisted synthesis and applications of hydroxyapatite (HAp) anchored nitrogen-doped 3D graphene foam-based nanostructured ceramic framework

In the present work, a hydroxyapatite anchored nitrogen-doped three-dimensional graphene (HAp-N3DG) skeletal network (foam) based nanostructured ceramic framework (CF) was developed through a polymer-assisted solvothermal route. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies reveal that the nano sized 0D HAp particles are anchored on the N3DG skeletal network with an average size of less than 50 nm. EDX and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the presence of Ca, P, O, N, and C. In addition, XPS analysis reveals the existence of N–C bonds in the prepared sample. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate the presence of hexagonal phase hydroxyapatite and the calculated average crystallite size was found to be 12 nm. The developed HAp-N3DG foam based nanostructured CF was found to have a mesoporous structure and the measured specific surface area (SSA) and the mean pore diameter were found to be 64.73 m² g⁻¹ and 23.6 nm, respectively. Electrochemical analysis shows that HAp anchored on nitrogen-doped 3D graphene foam based nanostructured CF has moderate electrochemical activity towards lithium ion charge/discharge. In addition, the prepared material showed adsorption activity values of 204.89 mg g⁻¹ and 243.89 mg g⁻¹ for the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) benzene and toluene, respectively. The present findings suggest that the newly developed HAp anchored nitrogen-doped 3DG (HAp-N3DG) skeletal network (foam) based nanostructured CF material can be used in energy devices and in the removal of volatile organic compounds. Moreover, the present study initiates a new kind of approach in energy device (lithium ion battery-LIB) research and in the removal of VOCs.

Hydroxyapatite anchored nitrogen-doped three-dimensional graphene (HAp-N3DG) skeletal network (foam) based nanostructured ceramic framework (CF) was developed through a polymer-assisted solvothermal route.     

子宫韧带的损伤机制及手术治疗在盆底功能障碍性疾病中的作用

盆底功能障碍性疾病是女性常见疾病之一,严重影响女性生活质量。盆底正常解剖结构及功能的维持依赖于盆底肌群及韧带等的综合支撑,理论认为阴道及其支持韧带中结缔组织的损伤是引起盆底异常症状和盆腔器官脱垂的共同原因。盆底功能障碍性疾病患者都可观察到结缔组织和肌肉的松弛和萎缩。对子宫韧带损伤的原因及损伤时胶原蛋白发生改变的分子机制进行了总结,并对盆底功能障碍性疾病的手术治疗(包括单纯修补及网片植入)及远期治疗效果进行了综述。     

Drug-loaded dual targeting graphene oxide-based molecularly imprinted composite and recognition of carcino-embryonic antigen

Despite extensive research on functional graphene oxide for anticancer drug delivery, the sensitivity of traditional protein targeting ligands to the environment limits the practical applications of targeted drug delivery. A unique molecularly imprinted magnetic graphene oxide was used as a novel drug delivery system for the treatment of tumors. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) synthesized by molecular imprinting technology have the advantages of good stability against chemical and enzymatic attacks, high specificity for a target template, and resistance to harsh environments. In our work, the MIP was used for specificity to tumor cells with carcino-embryonic (CEA) tumor markers as the template, and dopamine as the functional monomer was grafted on boronic acid-functionalized magnetic graphene oxide. The structure of the nanoparticles was optimized and characterized in detail by vibrating sample magnetometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, UV-vis spectroscopy, and flow cytometry. The prepared polymer has magnetic properties, specific recognition to CEA, biocompatibility and pH sensitivity for drug delivery. Cell culture research was carried out on the tumor cells and normal cells. The composites exhibited dual targeting properties that not only magnetically target but also specifically increase the drug cytotoxicity to the tumor cells by selectively binding to CEA. On the basis of these results, this study developed a novel approach for targeting tumor cells for drug delivery without needing to modify the protein ligand.

In the research we designed a CEA-molecularly imprinted polymers using molecular imprinting technique with CEA tumor marker as template, boronic acid functionalized MGO as substrate for dual targeted delivery of drug to tumor cells.     

A study on the tribological property of MoS2/Ti–MoS2/Si multilayer nanocomposite coating deposited by magnetron sputtering

Pure MoS₂ coatings are easily affected by oxygen and water vapor to form MoO₃ and H₂SO₄ which cause a higher friction coefficient and shorter service life. In this work, five kinds of MoS₂/Ti–MoS₂/Si multilayer nanocomposite coatings have been deposited by using unbalanced magnetron sputtering with different modulation period ratios. The tribological tests and nano-indentation experiments have been carried out in order to study the tribological and mechanical properties of the multilayer nanocomposite coating. The results show that the hardness and internal stress of the multilayer nanocomposite coatings are superior to those of the pure MoS₂ coating. The polycrystalline columnar structures are effectively inhibited and the coating densification increases due to the multilayer nanostructure and the doped elements of Ti and Si. The nanocomposite coating with a modulation period ratio of 100 : 100 shows the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate. The multilayer nanocomposite coatings exhibit excellent tribological property under a heavy constant load. Interfaces in multilayer nanostructure coating is able to hinder the dislocations motion and the crack propagation. The doped elements of Ti and Si with nano-multilayer structure enhances the mechanical and tribological properties of MoS₂ coating. This study provides guidelines for optimizing the mechanical and tribological properties of MoS₂ coating.

Pure MoS₂ coatings are easily affected by oxygen and water vapor to form MoO₃ and H₂SO₄ which cause a higher friction coefficient and shorter service life.     

A siramesine-loaded metal organic framework nanoplatform for overcoming multidrug resistance with efficient cancer cell targeting

Cancer is the leading cause of death and the most important obstacle to increasing life expectancy. With the sophisticated design and research of anticancer drugs, multidrug resistance to chemotherapy has become more and more common. After the emergence of multidrug resistance, the development of a new drug is beset with difficulties. The repurposing of non-anticancer drugs is thus a timely strategy for cancer therapy. Here, we highlight the potential of repurposing siramesine, a central nervous system drug for antitumor research and we construct a metal organic framework-based nanoplatform for effective intracellular accumulation and pH-response siramesine release. The released drug induces lysosome membrane permeabilization, leading to lysosomal cathepsins leakage and then results in cell apoptosis. Due to the modification of folic acids, the constructed drug delivery nanosystem shows good biocompatibility and efficient cancer cell targeting. Importantly, the drug delivery system shows enhanced anticancer efficacy in vitro, which not only effectively kills cancer cells but also kills multidrug resistant cells. Thus, the drug delivery nanosystem constructed in this study is thought to become a promising anticancer agent for cancer therapy and even overcoming multidrug resistance, which provides good prospects for biomedical applications.

ZIF-8@Sira/FA induces the cancer cells apoptosis and then eliminates cancer cells from the inside through the lysosomal death pathway.