Toluene vapor exposure and urinary excretion of hippuric acid among workers in China.

A factory survey was conducted in three provinces in China from 1985 to 1989. The time-weighted average toluene concentrations in breathing zone air were monitored by diffusive sampling, whereas hippuric acid (HA) concentrations in shift-end urine samples were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Exposed workers (456 men and women) were those for whom toluene (up to 548 ppm toluene) accounted for greater than or equal to 90% of total exposure (by vapor concentration in ppm), whereas 517 nonexposed controls were recruited from the same factories or from factories of the same region. There was a linear correlation between the intensity of toluene exposure and HA concentration in the shift-end urine. Comparison of the results with findings in the literature shows that the toluene-induced increase in urinary HA concentration among workers in China is significantly smaller than the published values, whereas HA concentrations in urine samples from nonexposed controls are comparable to the levels previously reported.     

床旁临时起搏器作为AMI的常备急救设备及其在基层医院推广应用研究

目的 床旁临时起搏器作为急性心肌梗死（AMI）的常备急救设备的价值及其在基层医院推广应用的可行性研究。方法 回顾性研究分析2001-2003年间不能床旁植入临时起搏器与2004-2005年能床旁植入临床起搏器抢救AMI的住院病死率、心衰、心源性休克、2mo后再次住院发生率。临时起搏器植入术安全性的指标比较。结果 不能床旁植入临时起搏器组的住院病死率为14．58％，心衰发生率为27．08％，心源性休克发生率为12．5％，2mo后再次住院发生率为16．67％。床旁植入临时起搏器组的住院病死率为3．57％，心衰发生率为7．14％，心源性休克发生率为3．57％，2mo后再次住院发生率为3．57％，两组相比p〈0．01有显著性差异。而起搏器植入的安全性指标：起搏器植入成功率为100％，脱位率为10．7％，并发症发生率为14.3％，住院病死率3．57％。结论 床旁临时起搏器抢救AMI住院病死率低，心衰发生率、心源性休克发生率及2mo后再次住院发生率低，应作为AMI抢救的常备急救设备，另外床旁临时起搏器植入是安全的、有效的，成功率高，操作不难，在基层医院（二甲医院）可推广应用。     

2001～2005年安徽省急性血吸虫病疫情分析

目的了解安徽省近年来急性血吸虫病发生和流行规律。方法收集全省2001～2005年急性血吸虫病个案资料,建立数据库,应用VisualFoxpro6.0和Excel2003软件进行分析。结果2001～2005年全省共发生1033例急性血吸虫病病例、19起成批急性血吸虫感染。男性病例是女性的5.4倍,男性病例的主要感染方式为游泳戏水和捕鱼捞虾,女性病例的主要感染方式为游泳戏水、洗刷生活用品和农业生产;所发生病例中学生和农民占比例较高,学生以游泳戏水为主要感染方式,农民以捕鱼捞虾、农业生产为主要感染方式;在湖沼地区感染的病例数稍多于内陆地区,湖沼地区以江滩为主要感染环境,内陆地区以沟渠和河流为主要感染环境;病例分布于14个未控县和9个出现疫情回升的传播控制县和1个传播阻断县;6～8月为接触疫水感染高峰;7～9月为发病高峰;潜伏期平均约40.81±14.28d,最短11d,最长97d,大多数病例在30d以后发病;19起成批急性血吸虫感染均发生于2001～2003年,并多集中于8月份,共有157人,主要是学生、民工和农民,感染方式主要为游泳戏水和捕鱼捞虾。结论安徽省为全国急性血吸虫病流行较重的地区,但成批急性血吸虫感染得到了有效的控制。     

中晚期肝癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞术后二期切除的临床分析

９６例中晚期肝癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗，其中１３例在肿瘤病灶明显缩小后，施行二期手术切除。首次治疗至二期手术时间为３２－２０６天，中位时间８６天。手术后标本经病理检查，发现１２例肿瘤病灶大部分坏死，但癌周有少量癌细胞存活，１例肿瘤病灶完全性凝固性坏死。这提示中晚期肝癌行肝动脉化疗栓塞后，应争取施行二期手术，消灭残癌。     

表面角膜镜片术治疗儿童外伤性白内障术后无晶体眼

本文报告了１０例儿童外伤性白内障术后无晶体眼，不适宜作人工晶体植入而接受了表面角膜镜片术。术后角膜屈光力平均增加９．２５Ｄ，裸眼视力均达０．２以上，矫正视力在０．４￣０．８之间，并恢复了双眼单视功能且矫正了弱视。经１￣３年追踪观察，表面角膜镜片保持透明，视力稳定且未出现并发症。结果表明该手术是一项近年来逐渐发展起来的操作简便、安全可靠、疗效确切的屈光性角膜手术。     

母乳中双歧因子的研究

本文用J.L.Reissig等人的方法对母乳中双歧因子进行了定性定量测定,并对不同时期母乳中双歧因子含量进行了比较,该法加样回收率为100.40％,RSD1.1％     

卵巢肿瘤细胞DNA及RNA含量的定量分析及其临床意义

本资料对９３例不同性质的卵巢肿瘤细胞ＤＮＡ及ＲＮＡ含量进行了定量研究，其中５０例良性、４３例恶性。并对患者进行１～５年的随访。结果是卵巢良性肿瘤的异倍率（假阳性）为４４％，恶性肿瘤异倍率为８６．０％。以“标准ＤＩ”及“标准ＲＩ”为指标判断卵巢肿瘤性质的准确率较以“异倍性”为高，且双指标同时应用高于任一单指标：对卵巢良恶性肿瘤的诊断准确率分别为９０％和９５．３％。提出“标准ＤＩ”和“标准ＲＩ”是判断卵巢肿瘤性质的理想指标。且ＤＮＡ及ＲＮＡ含量与卵巢癌预后有密切关系。     

Inhalation of the Phosphodiesterase-3 Inhibitor Milrinone Attenuates Pulmonary Hypertension in a Rat Model of Congestive Heart Failure

Background: Most patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) develop pulmonary venous hypertension, but right ventricular afterload is frequently further elevated by increased pulmonary vascular resistance. To investigate whether inhalation of a vasodilatory phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor may reverse this potentially detrimental process, the authors studied the effects of inhaled or intravenous milrinone on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics in a rat model of CHF.

Methods: In male Sprague-Dawley rats, CHF was induced by supracoronary aortic banding, whereas sham-operated rats served as controls. Milrinone was administered as an intravenous infusion (0.2-1 [mu]g [middle dot] kg body weight-1 [middle dot] min-1) or by inhalation (0.2-5 mg/ml), and effects on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics and lung water content were measured.

Results: In CHF rats, intravenous infusion of milrinone reduced both pulmonary and systemic arterial blood pressure. In contrast, inhalation of milrinone predominantly dilated pulmonary blood vessels, resulting in a reduced pulmonary-to-systemic vascular resistance ratio. Repeated milrinone inhalations in 20-min intervals caused a stable reduction of pulmonary artery pressure. No hemodynamic effects were detected when 0.9% NaCl was administered instead of milrinone or when milrinone was inhaled in sham-operated rats. No indications of potentially adverse effects of milrinone inhalation in CHF, such as left ventricular volume overload, were detected. Moreover, lung edema was significantly reduced by repeated milrinone inhalation.     

葛根素和淫羊藿甙对成骨细胞生物学作用的比较研究

目的 对比葛根素和淫羊藿甙对成骨细胞增殖和分化的影响。方法 将小鼠骨髓基质干细胞定向诱导分化为成骨细胞，取第3、4代细胞，以rhBMP-2为阳性对照，MTT法观察葛根素和淫羊藿甙对成骨细胞的增殖作用，碱性磷酸酶（ALP）比活性测定及钙结节计数观察葛根素和淫羊藿甙对成骨细胞分化的影响。结果 20μg／ml的淫羊藿甙可显著促进成骨细胞的增殖；20μg／ml淫羊藿甙及50μg／ml葛根素均能提高成骨细胞的碱性磷酸酶活性，并使矿化结节的形成明显增多。结论 淫羊藿甙不仅能促进成骨细胞的分化，还能增强其增殖能力，而葛根素主要是通过刺激分化来增强成骨细胞的活力。