Ultrasound can Modulate Neuronal Development: Impact on Neurite Growth and Cell Body Morphology

Neuronal development is known to be a dynamic process that can be modulated by presenting guidance cues to neuronal cells. We show that ultrasound, when applied at pulsed settings and with intensities slightly greater than clinical diagnosis levels, can potentially act as a repulsive cue for modulating neuronal growth dynamics. Using differentiated Neuro-2a cells as the model, we have examined in vitro how neuronal development can change during and after exposure to 1-MHz ultrasound for different acoustic settings. Neurite retraction and cell body shrinkage were found in neuronal cells over a 10-min exposure period with 1.168 W/cm² spatial-peak, time-averaged intensity (based on 0.84 MPa peak acoustic pressure, 100-cycle pulse duration, and 500-Hz pulse repetition frequency). These effects were found to result in instances of neuronal cell body displacement. The extent of the effects was dependent on acoustic intensity, with peak acoustic pressure being a more important contributing factor compared with pulse duration. The morphological changes were found to be non-destructive, in that post-exposure neurite outgrowth and neuritogenesis were respectively observed in neurite-bearing and neurite-less neuronal cells. Our results also showed that mechanotransduction might be involved in mediating ultrasound-neuron interactions, as the morphological changes were suppressed if stretch-activated ion channels were blocked or if calcium messenger ions were chelated. Overall, these findings suggest that ultrasound can potentially influence how neuronal cells develop through modifying their cytomechanical characteristics.     

抗击严重急性呼吸综合征的医生与护士心理状态的比较与分析

为分析抗击严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)的医生与护士的心理状态和差异,在SARS暴发的3个月中共收集了来自多家SARS定点医院的1532份医生和护士的心理健康问卷,应用时勘心理量表与Zung自评抑郁量表进行分析比较。发现无论处于一线还是二线,医生的一般心理健康得分要高于护士,自评抑郁量表得分低于护士,且护士的自评抑郁量表得分要高于常模组。逐步相关回归分析显示,抑郁量表得分同压力源,如“社会对医护人员的支持不够”,“治疗条件和生活环境不好”,“缺乏家庭亲人的支持和交流”等有关,同参加体育锻炼的程度,文化程度呈负相关。医生的心理状态和抑郁状态好于护士。提示应针对不同原因给予干预,同时应对于发现的相关因素予以改善。     

前路内固定矫正结核性脊柱畸形

目的　总结前路病灶清除、椎体间植骨和前路内固定手术治疗结核性脊柱畸形的临床疗效 ,探讨前路内固定植入在脊柱结核外科治疗中的安全性和价值。　方法　 1997年 6月～ 2 0 0 1年5月 ,采用前路病灶清除、椎体间植骨和一期前路内固定手术治疗脊柱结核 18例 ,其中颈椎 1例 ,胸椎10例 ,胸腰段 2例 ,腰椎 5例。平均每例受累椎体 2 8个。脊柱后凸畸形角度 2 7 0°～ 75 5°,平均47 5°± 11 4°。均采用髂骨植骨。　结果　 18例病例均获得随访 ,平均随访时间 2 5个月。所有病例均未出现伤口深部感染或窦道形成 ,植骨均完全融合 ,平均融合时间为 3 6个月。后凸畸形矫正度数为 32 7°± 8 3°,后期矫正度丢失 3 2°± 2 8°。　结论　前路内固定手术在脊柱外科治疗中能有效地达到矫正后凸畸形、重建脊柱稳定性和促进椎体间植骨融合的目的 ,是一种安全和有效的治疗方法。     

酒精摄入量与糖尿病患病关系的横断面研究

目的：探讨酒精摄入量与糖尿病患病的关系。方法：采用分层随机抽样方法,先随机抽取泸州市3个社区,每个社区内再随机抽取到个人,共抽取泸州市区40岁及以上常驻居民4 000人,对其进行调查问卷及体格检查,生化检查。结果：调查有效人数共3 970名,其中糖尿病患病率为19.47%。饮酒率为41.2%,其中男性饮酒率为60.9%,女性饮酒率为30.9%,男性明显高于女性。按饮酒量不同分组：男女新诊糖尿病患病率少量饮酒组（男5.09%,女4.26%）均低于不饮酒组（男9.17%,女7.11%）,男性大量饮酒组（男21.76%,女15.19%）均高于其他3组;男女既诊糖尿病患病率均随饮酒量的增加而下降,大量饮酒组最低。总体而言,少量饮酒组新诊患病率最低,并明显低于不饮酒组,大量饮酒组明显高于其他3组。既诊患病率饮酒组均低于不饮酒组。各组生化指标比较：少量和中量饮酒组餐后2 h血糖（2-hour postprandial glucose,2hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（hemoglobin A1C,HbA1C）均明显低于不饮酒组,大量饮酒组空腹血糖、2hPG及HbA1C水平明显高于其他3组。大量饮酒组胆固醇明显高于少量和中量饮酒组,高密度脂蛋白明显低于其他3组,低密度脂蛋白明显高于其他3组。logistic回归分析调整混杂因素后,少量饮酒是糖尿病的保护因素（OR=0.641,95%CI=0.508～0.807）。结论：少量饮酒是糖尿病的保护因素,大量饮酒则升高血糖、血脂水平。     

Burden of blood transmitted infections in substance users admitted for inpatient treatment in Singapore and the associated factors

INTRODUCTION

There is a paucity of local data on the prevalence of blood transmitted infections (BTIs), such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, among illicit drug users. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of BTIs among substance-dependent inpatients and identify the factors associated with BTIs.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective case note analysis of 170 inpatients who had a history of substance dependence and were seen at the National Addictions Management Service, Singapore, between 1 June 2009 and 31 May 2010.

RESULTS

The majority of the 170 inpatients were male (88.2%) and Chinese (58.2%). The mean age of the patients was 43.1 years, and the main drug of abuse was opioids (86.5%). BTIs were found in 70 (41.2%) inpatients; the prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infections was 3.7%, 39.6% and 0%, respectively. Lifetime intravenous drug use, but not needle-sharing, was more common among inpatients who were positive for BTIs (p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that lifetime intravenous drug use (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.7–10.8, p < 0.01) was the only significant predictor of BTI.

CONCLUSION

41.2% of the substance users seeking help were positive for at least one BTI. Lifetime intravenous drug users were found to be more than four times more likely to have a BTI. Early detection and prevention is essential to improve prognosis.     

Effect on platelet aggregation activity: extracts from 31 Traditional Chinese Medicines with the property of activating blood and resolving stasis

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the anti-platelet aggregation effects of extracts from 31 Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) with the property of activating blood and resolving stasis in terms of TCM theory.

��ǻ���������г��ھֲ���չ��ֱ���������е�����

目的 评价盆腔脏器联合切除术（PE）对局部进展期直肠癌的疗效。方法 对12年中79例局部进展期直肠癌PE术后结果进行回顾性总结。结果 全盆腔脏器切除术（TPE）46例，其中保肛TPE5例，TPE联合骶骨切除1例，TPE联合半骨盆切除1例，后盆腔脏器切除术（PPE）33例。根治性切除65例（82．8％），合并症发生率48．6％，手术死亡2例（2．5％），根治术后再复发36例（58．1％），术后1、3、5年生存率75．8％、39．3％、35．8％。根治性切除与大体根治切除术后3年、5年生存率分别为44．2％、40．8％与11．1％、0。结论 PE是目前治疗局部进展期直肠癌有效的方法，积极的根治性切除病灶，可以有效提高其治愈率，改善生活质量。     

41例卵巢成熟性囊性畸胎瘤腹腔镜手术治疗

目的　探讨卵巢成熟性囊性畸胎瘤腹腔镜手术的技巧和安全性。　方法　对 4 1例卵巢成熟性囊性畸胎瘤患者在腹腔镜下行肿物剔出术或附件切除术 ,采用自制标本袋盛装卵巢肿物 ,避免囊肿内容物污染盆腔。　结果　 4 1例中 4 0例在腹腔镜下完成手术 ,1例因手术困难而中转开腹手术。术后随访 4月～ 6年 ,均未见复发。　结论　腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢成熟性囊性畸胎瘤是一种安全、有效的方法 ,具有出血少、损伤小、恢复快、无远期并发症等优点。     

修补加近侧胃迷走神经切断术或三联疗法治疗穿孔性十二指肠溃疡

目的　对比研究修补术联合近侧胃迷走神经切断术 (proximalgastricvagotomy ,PGV)与修补术联合三联疗法 (口服奥美拉唑加羟氨苄青霉素加灭滴灵 )对穿孔性十二指肠溃疡的远期疗效。方法　 32 9例十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔患者非随机地接受了A、B不同的治疗方法。A组 1 53例 ,行修补术联合PGV ;B组 1 76例 ,行修补术联合三联疗法。术后 5～ 8年 ,采用信访、电话访问、门诊复查以及与患者所在当地医院合作调查的方式进行随访。随访内容包括症状问诊、胃镜复查、幽门螺杆菌(HP)检测等。随访结果按Visick标准分级。　结果　获得随访 30 1例 ,A组 1 4 2例 ,B组 1 59例。按Visick分级 ,A组Ⅰ级 97例 (68 3 % )、Ⅱ级 1 9例 (1 3 4% )、Ⅲ级 1 3例 (9 2 % )、Ⅳ级 1 3例 (9 2 % ) ;B组Ⅰ级 31例 (1 9 5 % )、Ⅱ级 2 8例 (1 7 6 % )、Ⅲ级 2 4例 (1 5 1 % )、Ⅳ级 76例 (47 8% ) ,2者比较 ,差异有非常显著性意义。 (Z =- 9 81 8,P <0 0 1 )。HP检测 ,A组阳性 1 30例 (91 5 % ) ;B组阳性 94例(59 1 % ) ,2者比较 ,差异有非常显著性意义。 (χ2 =41 438,P <0 0 1 )。　结论　对于穿孔性十二指肠溃疡 ,修补术联合PGV的远期疗效优于修补术联合三联疗法 ,尽管前者的HP阳性率远高于后者。HP感染只是十二指肠溃疡的发病