Prevalence characteristics of single and multiple HPV infections in women with cervical cancer and precancerous lesions in Beijing,China

We assessed the prevalence characteristics of single and multiple high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections. A total of 1783 women who underwent colposcopy and cervical biopsy for abnormal ThinPrep Cytology Test and/or HR-HPV subtype genotyping results were enrolled in the study. Among the participants, 770 were diagnosed with cervicitis, 395 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1), 542 with CIN2-3, and 76 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), with HR-HPV infection rates of 75.8%, 85.8%, 95.9%, and 88.4%, respectively. The prevalence of total and multiple HR-HPV infections exhibited a bimodal age distribution with a peak at ≤25 years, a decline with age and a second peak at ≥55 years, whereas single HR-HPV infections exhibited one peak from 35 to 44 years. The four most dominant HPV genotypes were HPV 16 (29.5%), 52 (15.0%), 58 (14.2%), and 18 (10.4%). In total, 67.0%, 70.4%, and 82.1% of patients with CIN1, CIN2-3, and SCC, respectively, had a single HR-HPV infection, which increased significantly with the aggravation of the cervical lesion grade (P = 0.045). Patients with a single HPV 16 infection had higher incidences of CIN2+ (62.2%) than those with multiple HPV 16 infections (52.4%) (P = 0.021). Patients coinfected with HPV 16 had higher CIN2+ incidence than those with single HPV 52, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 56, or 59 infections (P < 0.001). This study provided baseline data on the prevalence characteristics of single and multiple HR-HPV infections in women attending a gynecological outpatient clinic in Beijing.     

Micronemal protein 13 contributes to the optimal growth of Toxoplasma gondii under stress conditions

Parasitology Research - Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous parasitic protozoan infecting humans and a wide variety of animals. Fast-replicating tachyzoites during acute infection and slowly growing...     

Efficient Production of High‐Quality Polystyrene‐Functionalized Graphene via Graphite Exfoliation in Chloroform with a Heterobifunctional Hyperbranched Polyethylene as Stabilizer

Efficient production of high‐quality, functionalized graphene is highly desirable for large‐scale applications of graphene. Herein, a route for producing high‐quality, polystyrene (PS)‐functionalized graphene is demonstrated via graphite exfoliation in chloroform with a heterobifunctional hyperbranched polyethylene, HBPE@Py@PS, as stabilizer. The HBPE@Py@PS, possessing a pyrene‐functionalized hyperbranched polyethylene backbone and multiple PS side chains, is synthesized by combining chain walking polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization techniques. It is confirmed that the HBPE@Py@PS can effectively promote graphite exfoliation in chloroform under sonication to render stable dispersions of high‐quality graphene, with an exfoliation efficiency high as 15% and a monolayer proportion, 61%. Meanwhile, it can irreversibly adsorb on the exfoliated graphene surface based on the π–π stacking interactions, concurrently rendering PS‐functionalized graphene that is fluorescent and highly dispersible in chloroform, with a film conductivity reaching 1100 S m^?1. The as‐produced graphene may find its applications as nanofiller for various PS‐based graphene nanocomposites.     

Grouping schemes of welding fume exposure in shipyard welders

Welding fume exposure can increase the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the optimal grouping schemes of welding fume exposure in shipyard welders for future accurate examination of the association between welding fume exposure and COPD. Industrial hygiene records, including welding fume measurements between 2002 and 2009 were collected from a shipyard. A total of 2,360 personal welding fume measurements was compiled with a geometric mean of 1.66 mg/m³ and a geometric standard deviation of 4.02. Welding jobs were categorized into 8 groups. There were 9 working areas. To obtain the optimal grouping scheme, various grouping schemes were created using job, area, and job^*area combination. To compare various grouping schemes, contrast and precision were calculated for each grouping scheme. For all measurement data, group mean ranking method created by ranking geometric means of the job^*area combination into 3 groups (group mean ranking method) showed the best contrast and precision values among various grouping schemes, followed by grouping based on the job. For a subset of the data excluding job^*area combinations with less than 10 measurements, grouping based on the job showed greater contrast than group mean ranking method, while for other subsets, including only repeated measurement data or further excluding job^*area combinations with less than 10 measurements from the repeated measurement subset, group mean ranking method showed greater contrast than grouping based on the job. Our results showed that group mean ranking or grouping based on the job could be a candidate for the optimal grouping schemes in this shipyard. Our efforts for optimal grouping scheme may aid future cohort study to elucidate the association between welding fume exposure and COPD.     

总义齿、覆盖义齿和种植覆盖义齿修复后咀嚼效率和下颌运动型的比较

目的　比较总义齿 (completedenture ,CD )、覆盖义齿 (completeoverdenture ,COD )和种植覆盖义齿 (implant supportedoverdenture ,IOD)修复后患者的咀嚼效率和下颌运动轨迹的差异。 方法　分别选取CD、COD和IOD修复后患者各 14名 ,在义齿正常戴用半年后测量患者的咀嚼效率和下颌运动轨迹。对下颌运动轨迹从规则程度、末端集中性、额状面的分型和咀嚼运动中的接触滑动4个方面进行评价 ,测试用食物为杏仁和小枣。结果　IOD组患者咀嚼枣和杏仁的效率均显著高于CD组 (P <0 0 1) ;COD组患者咀嚼杏仁的效率显著高于CD组 (P <0 0 1)。COD组患者咀嚼枣的效率高于CD组 ,且IOD组患者咀嚼枣和杏仁的效率高于COD组 ,但其间差异无显著性。IOD组患者下颌运动轨迹的规则程度显著优于CD组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,末端轨迹集中性也显著优于CD组 (P <0 0 1)。结论　IOD和COD修复有利于提高无牙颌患者或口内只保留个别残根患者的咀嚼效率。IOD修复患者较CD修复患者具有更加规则的下颌运动型。     

Effects of bilateral upper first premolar extraction on the mandible

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of bilateral upper premolar extraction on mandibular growth. Twenty-six subjects (eight males, 18 females) in maximum pubertal growth with an Angle Class II molar relationship, normal to mild overjet increase, mild or no lower arch length discrepancy but severe upper arch discrepancy and no severe skeletal discrepancy were divided into two groups equal in number and gender, as extraction and control groups. The median chronological age was 11.2 years in the extraction group and 12.6 years in the controls. The subjects were observed for a median period of 1.1 years in the extraction group after bilateral extraction of the upper premolars and 1.2 years in the controls until termination of pubertal growth (DP3u) without any orthodontic treatment. Twenty-nine linear and angular measurements were made on 52 lateral cephalograms and hand-wrist radiographs taken before and after the study period. The increase in SNB measured on the total superimposition was significantly greater in the controls than in the extraction group (P < 0.05). In addition, anterior mandibular (counter-clockwise) rotation was only significant (P < 0.05) in the control group. Thus, it might be suggested that bilateral upper premolar extractions might affect the mandibular rotation tendency.     

种植义齿的骨感知现象及研究

一、种植体骨感知理论的提出及涵义Brfinemark在1965年提出了骨结合（osseointegration）的概念，从而开启了骨结合理论研究和现代种植学的大门，牙种植技术如今已经被广泛开展。上世纪九十年代。骨结合理论开始被用于截肢后的假肢修复，发现种植体假肢患者具有很好的肢体运动控制能力、本体感觉和反馈，这引起了研究者关注。拇指切除采用种植支持义指修复的患者，其触觉辨别能力达到了正常拇指触觉能力的80％，这提示一定有某种特殊的感觉传导机制存在。     

功能矫治器矫治安氏Ⅱ类Ⅰ分类错He的软组织侧貌变化

目的 用5项软组织美学指标，评价功能矫治器矫治安氏类Ⅰ分类错殆的软组织变化。方法 对21例安氏类Ⅰ分类错He患者用功能矫治器(FR-2)矫治前后的X线头影测量片进行分析，对比治疗前后软组织5项美学指标的变化。结果 通过早期的功能矫形治疗，患者大多数美学指标接近正常值范围，但也有部分指标改善不明显。结论 功能矫治能使大多数患者软组织侧貌得到明显改善，但存在个体差异，部分病例仍需要二期治疗。     

种植套筒冠覆盖义齿在无牙颌修复中的应用

目的探讨以种植套筒冠覆盖义齿修复无牙颌的临床效果。方法对北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔种植中心就诊的21例无牙颌患者,采用种植套筒冠覆盖义齿修复。共28件修复体,其中上颌全颌覆盖义齿13件,下颌全颌覆盖义齿15件。共植人种植体139枚,其中Camlog 74枚,IMZ 28枚,Frialit-2 37枚。种植体修复基台切削后直接作为套筒冠内冠,套筒冠外冠分别采用金沉积技术和失蜡铸造技术加工。修复后平均追踪26．5个月(12-39个月)。以临床检查和影像学检查评价修复效果。结果至最后一次复查,21例患者临床检查未见修复体松动、折断、损坏,修复体固位好、稳定,种植体周围软组织健康。19例患者曲面断层X线片显示种植体周围骨组织稳定,无吸收。仅2例在修复3年后发现少量骨吸收,约1 mm。修复后至最后一次复查未见种植体脱落。结论种植套筒冠覆盖义齿稳定,种植体周围骨组织稳定,可用于无牙颌修复。