Basilar artery on computed tomography angiography score and clinical outcomes in acute basilar artery occlusion

Journal of Neurology - This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) based on the baseline Basilar...     

神经内镜经蝶入路手术治疗垂体性库欣病的疗效分析

目的分析神经内镜经蝶入路手术治疗垂体性库欣病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年1月华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院神经外科收治的133例垂体性库欣病患者的临床资料。所有患者均采用神经内镜经蝶入路手术治疗。术后48 h复查垂体MRI,未发现肿瘤残留定义为完全切除。术后1~2 d和6个月均检测清晨外周血清皮质醇和24 h尿游离皮质醇水平,定期门诊随访临床症状、行影像学检查,以评估疗效。缓解标准参考《中国库欣病诊治专家共识(2015)》中的标准。结果133例患者均顺利完成手术。其中119例(89.5%)术后病理学结果为垂体腺瘤或增生,另14例(10.5%)为正常垂体组织。术后出现一过性尿崩症19例、永久性尿崩症2例、电解质紊乱21例、垂体功能低下32例、脑脊液漏4例、术区出血2例、颅内感染2例。术前MRI发现垂体腺瘤的101例患者肿瘤均完全切除,垂体微腺瘤患者术后即刻缓解率为90.1%(73/81),大腺瘤患者术后即刻缓解率为60.0%(12/20);32例术前MRI结果阴性的患者中,术中探查发现可疑垂体腺瘤患者(肿瘤均完全切除)的缓解比例为14/18,未发现肿瘤患者的缓解比例为6/14。患者的术后即刻总缓解率为78.9%(105/133)。133例患者的术后随访时间为(2.5±0.3)年(1~6年)。术后6个月随访时,术后未即刻缓解的28例患者中,8例患者达延迟缓解,4例经再次治疗缓解,16例未缓解。至末次随访,105例术后即刻缓解的患者中24例(22.9%)复发,复发时间为术后(2.7±0.4)年(0.5~6.0年),4例经治疗后再次达到缓解。结论神经内镜经蝶入路手术治疗垂体性库欣病疗效较好,但术后并发症较多且易复发。     

Extent of pelvic lymph node dissection in penile cancer may impact survival

Introduction

Current guidelines on management of penile carcinoma (PC) recommend ipsilateral pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in patients with inguinal lymph node metastasis (LNM) who meet specific criteria. The aim of this article was to assess outcomes in patients treated with bilateral PLND in the presence of unilateral metastatic pelvic nodes.

Methods

After IRB approval, four international centers contributed to this study. Men with PC and unilateral inguinal LNM and pelvic node metastases were retrospectively analyzed. Estimates of overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival were provided by the Kaplan–Meier method. Comparisons between subgroups were made using the log-rank test, and Cox regression analysis was used to adjust comparisons for covariates of interest.

Results

From 1978 to 2012, fifty-one men with unilateral inguinal LNM and positive pelvic nodes on PLND were identified. Thirty-eight (75 %) had ipsilateral and 13 (25 %) had bilateral PLND. Except the extent of the PLND, patients were comparable with respect to disease and therapeutic interventions. The Kaplan–Meier estimated median OS was significantly longer in the bilateral PLND patients (21.7 vs. 13.1, p = 0.051). On Cox regression analysis, bilateral PLND [HR 0.25, (95 % CI 0.10–0.64)], multiple pelvic node involvement [HR 2.12 (95 % CI 1.02–4.43)], neoadjuvant chemotherapy [HR 0.01, (95 % CI 0.02–0.44)] and adjuvant therapies [HR 0.16, (95 % CI 0.06–0.45)] (compared to no additional therapy) were independent predictors of OS.

Conclusions

Men with PC and pelvic node metastases may benefit from a bilateral PLND. This hypothesis requires further confirmation.

     

Local delivery of mutant CCL2 protein‐reduced orthopaedic implant wear particle‐induced osteolysis and inflammation in vivo

Total joint replacement (TJR) has been widely used as a standard treatment for late‐stage arthritis. One challenge for long‐term efficacy of TJR is the generation of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene wear particles from the implant surface that activates an inflammatory cascade which may lead to bone loss, prosthetic loosening and eventual failure of the procedure. Here, we investigate the efficacy of local administration of mutant CCL2 proteins, such as 7ND, on reducing wear particle‐induced inflammation and osteolysis in vivo using a mouse calvarial model. Mice were treated with local injection of 7ND or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) every other day for up to 14 days. Wear particle‐induced osteolysis and the effects of 7ND treatment were evaluated using micro‐CT, histology, and immunofluorescence staining. Compared with the PBS control, 7ND treatment significantly decreased wear particle‐induced osteolysis, which led to a higher bone volume fraction and bone mineral density. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining showed 7ND treatment decreased the number of recruited inflammatory cells and osteoclasts. Together, our results support the feasibility of local delivery of 7ND for mitigating wear particle‐induced inflammation and osteolysis, which may offer a promising strategy for extending the life time of TJRs. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:58–64, 2016.     

Analysis on the factors related to osteoporosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of osteoporosis in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and analyze the risk factors. Methods Eighty-three patients on MHD and 87 healthy people were recruited, measuring and comparing their mineral density of femoral bone. Patients' age, sex, height, body weight, walking activity, medication use and laboratary tests were recorded. The relationship of bone mineral density (BMD) and other factors were analyzed using multivariate linear regression. Result The prevalence of osteoporosis was higher in MHD patients than in normal control (34.7% vs 20.7%, P＜0.05). Patients in osteoporosis group showed higher rate of menopause, lower body weight and lower walking activity. In multivariable regression model, age (β=-0.02, P=0.011), body weight (β=0.02, P=0.031) and walking activity (β=0.13, P=0.027) were independently associated with BMD in MHD patients. Conclusion The prevalence of osteoporosis is much higher in MHD patients than in healthy people. Advanced age, low body weight and inactivity are important risk factors for osteoporosis in MHD patients.