功能磁共振技术在推拿科学研究中的应用进展

功能磁共振成像（fMRI）技术出现于20世纪90年代，它集合了神经活动与高分辨率磁共振成像技术，为学者们研究人及动物的脑或脊髓提供了巨大的技术支持。同时，也已成为揭示针灸、推拿等中医疗法发挥全身调节作用、研究针灸推拿在疾病治疗方面的大脑中枢机制提供了重要研究手段。文章通过搜集检索近年来国内外发表与fMRI相关的推拿手法文献，分类整理运用fMRI技术开展的相关研究内容，进一步阐释推拿中枢作用机制的研究进展，就fMRI技术在推拿研究领域的应用作一综述。     

行为护理干预在冠心病患者中的应用价值分析

目的探究对冠心病患者实施行为护理干预开展临床护理的应用价值。方法在2017年1月-2018年2月时间段内,在我院接受治疗的冠心病患者中,选择86例为研究对象,并使用随机数字表法将入选研究对象均分为各43例的常规组与观察组,常规组与观察组的临床护理方案分别为常规护理、行为护理干预,将两组的依从性、并发症发生率对比。结果经过护理后,观察组的用药、饮食、生活行为以及体育锻炼依从性高于常规组,护理满意度较常规组高,且并发症发生率远低于常规组,组间差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论采用行为护理干预为冠心病患者开展临床护理,可增强患者健康行为依从性,提高患者满意度。     

Exercise training‐induced visceral fat loss in obese women: The role of training intensity and modality

Visceral fat loss in response to four‐cycle ergometer training regimens with explicit differences in exercise intensity and modality was compared. Fifty‐nine obese young women (body fat percentage ≥ 30%) were randomized to a 12‐week intervention consisting of either all‐out sprint interval training (SIT_all‐out, n = 11); supramaximal SIT (SIT₁₂₀, 120% O_2peak, n = 12); high‐intensity interval training (HIIT₉₀, 90% O_2peak, n = 12), moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT, 60% O_2peak, n = 11), or no training (CON, n = 13). The total work done per training session in SIT₁₂₀, HIIT₉₀, and MICT was confined to 200 kJ, while it was deliberately lower in SIT_all‐out. The abdominal visceral fat area (AVFA) was measured through computed tomography scans. The whole‐body and regional fat mass were assessed through dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Pre‐, post‐, and 3‐hour post‐exercise serum growth hormone (GH), and epinephrine (EPI) were measured during selected training sessions. Following the intervention, similar reductions in whole‐body and regional fat mass were found in all intervention groups, while the reductions in AVFA resulting from SIT_all‐out, SIT₁₂₀, and HIIT₉₀ (>15 cm²) were greater in comparison with MICT (<3.5 cm², P < .05). The AVFA reductions among the SITs and HIIT groups were similar, and it was concomitant with the similar exercise‐induced releases of serum GH and EPI. CON variables were unchanged. These findings suggest that visceral fat loss induced by interval training at or above 90% O_2peak appeared unresponsive to the change in training intensity. Nonetheless, SIT_all‐out is still the most time‐efficient strategy among the four exercise‐training regimes for controlling visceral obesity.     

Disrupted white matter functional connectivity in aMCI APOEε4 carriers: a resting-state study

The ε4 allele of the APOE gene is thought to increase risk from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) to Alzheimer’s disease. Cognitive decline in the condition is increasingly considered to worsen functional disconnections in brain network composed of gray matter and white matter. Nevertheless, Whether APOEε4 targets specific white matter functional connectivity in patients with aMCI remains mostly unexplored, mainly due to the challenges of detecting BOLD signals in white matter. Here, we applied a novel approach to investigate APOEε4-related specific bundles and cortical area alterations in aMCI subjects, in order to characterize white matter-gray matter functional connectivity differences throughout the brain. We analyzed 75 patients with aMCI and 76 demographically matched normal controls. The aMCI APOEε4 carriers showed decreased functional connectivity located at left corticospinal tract, bilateral posterior limb of internal capsule, and right temporopolaris, which was different from the regions of aMCI-related changes. We further found that recognition scores were positively associated with the right temporopolaris in aMCI APOEε4 carriers. Collectively, the data provide new evidence that APOEε4 genotype exerts a negative impact on neural activity in both gray and white matter in aMCI, which potentially contributes to functional disconnection and memory decline. A novel method provides full-scale measuring effect of disease conditions on functional architecture throughout the brain. Trial registration: https://www.ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02225964). Registered January 2014.

     

补肺活血法治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病缓解期患者的临床观察

目的 研究补肺活血法治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病缓解期的临床疗效和对肺功能的影响.方法 将125例患者随机分为治疗组85例和对照组40例,两组均经缓解期常规基础治疗,治疗组加用中药汤剂口服.两组均以2周为1个疗程,连续治疗4个疗程后统计疗效.结果 治疗组总有效率为94.1%,对照组总有效率为90.0%,两组相比,P＜0.05;两组的主要症状和体征均改善,但治疗组对咳嗽、咳痰、喘促、气短以及肺部罗音等症状体征改善均优于对照组(P＜0.01);治疗组的肺功能的改善优于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗组的发病次数明显少于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 补肺活血法能有效改善慢性阻塞性肺疾病缓解期患者的临床症状、体征、肺功能,减少患者发病次数,并提高其生活质量.     

惰性淋巴瘤的免疫治疗

 通常认为惰性淋巴瘤采用传统的化疗方法难以治愈,强的联合化疗可以提高完全缓解率,但对于改善长期生存并无益处。因此对于惰性淋巴瘤的治疗需要寻找新的药物和方法。近年来,肿瘤的免疫治疗激起了众多研究者的兴趣。单克隆抗体及其衍生物在肿瘤免疫治疗方面起着越来越重要的作用,非清髓的异基因骨髓移植以其低毒性和免疫介导的移植物抗肿瘤作用而在惰性淋巴瘤的治疗中占有了一定的地位,就单克隆抗体及其衍生物的应用以及非清髓的异基因骨髓移植对于惰性淋巴瘤的免疫治疗加以综述。     

The Selection of a Pharmaceutical Salt—The Effect of the Acidity of the Counterion on Its Solubility and Potential Biopharmaceutical Performance

A roadmap for the selection of a pharmaceutical salt form for a development candidate is presented. The free base of the candidate did not have sufficient chemical stability for development. The initially selected salt form turned out to be undevelopable because it was unstable during scale-up synthesis and storage. The rationale for the new solid form screening and the criteria for selection are discussed. Before the final selection, the pH solubility profiles of the 2 new salts, a benzoate and a besylate, were compared. Atypical solubility behavior was observed for the benzoate salt in hydrochloric acid with and without normal saline. A scheme is proposed illustrating how the pKas of the counterion and active pharmaceutical ingredient, the medium composition, and final pH affect the solubility and solution equilibria of the 2 selected salt forms. This scheme also includes the equilibria between solution and solid phases in different pH ranges. The pharmaceutical importance of this research is that it sheds light on how the acidity of the counterion can affect the solubility of the selected salt form in the gastric environment. With a well-designed formulation strategy, this property potentially can be translated to optimal biopharmaceutical performance of the drug product.     

Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Simulations of Ceftazidime in Chinese Neonates

An accurate dosage determination is required in neonates when antibiotics are used. The adult data cannot be simply extrapolated to the pediatric population due to significant individual differences. We aimed to identify factors impacting ceftazidime exposure in neonates and to provide drug dosing guidance to clinicians. Forty-three neonates aged less than 60 days with proven or suspected infections were enrolled in this study. After intravenous administration, blood samples were collected, and plasma ceftazidime concentration was determined using a HPLC method. Pharmacokinetic data were fitted using a nonlinear mixed-effects model approach. One-compartmental model could nicely characterize the ceftazidime in vivo behavior. The covariate test found that the postmenstrual age (day) was strongly associated with systemic drug clearance (L/h), and the effect of body weight (kg) was identified as the covariate on distribution volume (L). Compared with the base model, the addition of covariates improved the goodness-of-fit of the final model. Model validation (bootstrap, visual predictive check, and prediction-corrected visual predictive check) suggested a robust and reliable pharmacokinetic model was developed. Personalized dosage regimens were provided based on model simulations. The intravenous dose should be adjusted according to postmenstrual age, body weight, and minimum inhibitory concentration.