Gene expression patterns and profile changes pre- and post-erlotinib treatment in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

PURPOSE: To delineate gene expression patterns and profile changes in metastatic tumor biopsies at baseline and 1 month after treatment with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib in patients with metastatic breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Patients were treated with 150 mg of oral erlotinib daily. Gene expression profiles were measured with Affymetrix U133A GeneChip and immunohistochemistry was used to validate microarray findings. RESULTS: Estrogen receptor (ER) status by immunohistochemistry is nearly coincided with the two major expression clusters determined by expression of genes using unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis. One of 10 patients had an EGFR-positive tumor detected by both microarray and immunohistochemistry. In this tumor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 and collagen type 1 alpha 2, which are the EGF-down-regulated growth repressors, were significantly increased by erlotinib. Gene changes in EGFR-negative tumors are those of G-protein-linked and cell surface receptor-linked signaling. Gene ontology comparison analysis pretreatment and posttreatment in EGFR-negative tumors revealed biological process categories that have more genes differentially expressed than expected by chance. Among 495 gene ontology categories, the significant differed gene ontology groups include G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling (34 genes, P = 0.002) and cell surface receptor-linked signal transduction (74 genes, P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: ER status reflects the major difference in gene expression pattern in metastatic breast cancer. Erlotinib had effects on genes of EGFR signaling pathway in the EGFR-positive tumor and on gene ontology biological process categories or genes that have function in signal transduction in EGFR-negative tumors.     

Effect of Coenzyme Q10 and green tea on plasma and liver lipids, platelet aggregation, TBARS production and erythrocyte Na leak in simvastatin treated hypercholesterolmic rats

This study was conducted to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effect of simvastatin (30 mg/kg BW) and antioxidant effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, 15 mg/kg BW) or green tea (5%) on erythrocyte Na leak, platelet aggregation and TBARS production in hypercholesterolemic rats treated with statin. Food efficiency ratio (FER, ADG/ADFI) was decreased in statin group and increased in green tea group, and the difference between these two groups was significant (p<0.05). Plasma total cholesterol was somewhat increased in all groups with statin compared with control. Plasma triglyceride was decreased in statin group and increased in groups of CoQ10 and green tea, and the difference between groups of statin and green tea was significant (p<0.05). Liver total cholesterol was not different between the control and statin group, but was significantly decreased in the group with green tea compared with other groups (p<0.05). Liver triglyceride was decreased in groups of statin and green tea compared with the control, and the difference between groups of the control and green tea was significant (p<0.05). Platelet aggregation of both the initial slope and the maximum was not significantly different, but the group with green tea tended to be higher in initial slope and lower in the maximum. Intracellular Na of group with green tea was significantly higher than the control or statin group (p<0.05). Na leak in intact cells was significantly decreased in the statin group compared with the control (p<0.05). Na leak in AAPH treated cells was also significantly reduced in the statin group compared with groups of the control and CoQ10 (p<0.05). TBARS production in platelet rich plasma was significantly decreased in the groups with CoQ10 and green tea compared with the control and statin groups (p<0.05). TBARS of liver was significantly decreased in the group with green tea compared with the statin group (p<0.05). In the present study, even a high dose of statin did not show a cholesterol lowering effect, therefore depletion of CoQ10 following statin treatment in rats is not clear. More clinical studies are needed for therapeutic use of CoQ10 as an antioxidant in prevention of degenerative diseases independent of statin therapy.     

二乙酰二脱水卫矛醇对小鼠白血病L1210细胞增殖的影响

目的　研究二乙酰二脱水卫矛醇 (1 ,2 :5 ,6 dianhydro 3 ,4 diacetylgalactitol,DADAG)的抗脑白血病作用及机制。方法　用小鼠脑内移植瘤模型、MTT法、DNA掺入法、流式细胞仪和Westernblot法 ,观察DADAG对小鼠脑内移植瘤和体外白血病L1 2 1 0 细胞的作用 ,并探讨作用机制。结果　DADAG对DBA/ 2小鼠脑内移植白血病L1 2 1 0 有明显的抑制作用 ;对体外白血病L1 2 1 0 细胞同样有很强的抗增殖作用 ,其IC50 值为 2 4 6mg·L- 1 。DADAG不可逆地抑制L1 2 1 0 细胞内DNA的生物合成。DADAG 2 4mg·L- 1 处理L1 2 1 0 细胞 6h后 ,细胞发生G2 /M周期阻滞 ,2 4h后达最高峰。细胞周期素B1 蛋白水平在DADAG处理 2 4h后开始下降 ,而磷酸化的细胞周期依赖性激酶CDK1在DADAG处理 6h后开始上调 ,并呈时间依赖性。结论　DADAG的抗脑白血病作用与其抑制白血病细胞的增殖密切相关     

应用膀胱三角区壁瓣成形尿道治疗女性外伤性尿道缺损(附5例报告)

目的：探讨膀胱三角区壁瓣成形尿道治疗女性外伤性尿道损伤的疗效。方法：自膀胱颈后唇向上，取梯字形壁瓣，形成锥状管，经膀胱颈口，自阴道前壁外拉至外阴部，在原尿道外口处固定，替代尿道。结果：3例随访8年，1例6年，1例5年，平均随访7年，均排尿通畅，无尿失禁和尿道狭窄。结论：女性外伤性尿道缺损，应用膀胱三角区壁瓣形成锥状管替代尿道法治疗，手术简单，对患者打击小，成功率高，远期效果好。     

VEGF在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨膀胱移行细胞癌中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达及其与临床病理指标的关系。方法：应用免疫组化方法对40例膀胱移行细胞癌及15例正常膀胱组织中VEGF进行检测。结果：正常膀胱移行上皮均为阴性表达；膀胱移行细胞癌中VEGF阳性表达24例，表达率为60％（24／40），明显高于正常膀胱组织（P＜0.01），其中VEGF表达阳性率随膀胱癌病理分级、临床分期上升而升高，表达强度也随之增强（P＜0.01）。结论：VEGF表达对膀胱移行细胞癌生物学行为有重要影响，VEGF有可能可作为判断膀胱癌生物学行为、转移潜能及预后指标。     

Expression of Survivin in Early Villus and Decidua and Its Implication

Survivin isa newly found memberof inhibitorofapoptosis proteins(IAP) ,which is independent ofBcl- 2 proteins,and is expressed in most human ma-lignancy,being abundant in mouse and human em-bryonic and fetal tissues and undetectable in normaladult tissues.Survivin has been shown to be presentin 6 0 cancer celllines,including breast,lung,renal,prostate and ovarian[1] .It hasbeen reported thattheexpression of survivin protein washigh in the glandu-lar epithelial cells during secretory phase of h…     

The contemporary role of antioxidant therapy in attenuating liver ischemia-reperfusion injury: a review.

Oxidative stress is an important factor in many pathological conditions such as inflammation, cancer, ageing and organ response to ischemia-reperfusion. Humans have developed a complex antioxidant system to eliminate or attenuate oxidative stress. Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury occurs in a number of clinical settings, including liver surgery, transplantation, and hemorrhagic shock with subsequent fluid resuscitation, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by significant oxidative stress but accompanied with depletion of endogenous antioxidants. This review has 2 aims: firstly, to highlight the clinical significance of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, the underlying mechanisms and the main pathways by which the antioxidants function, and secondly, to describe the new developments that are ongoing in antioxidant therapy and to present the experimental and clinical evidence about the role of antioxidants in modulating hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

眼针治疗阵发性室上性心动过速120例的即时疗效观察

目的:观察眼针对阵发性室上性心动过速的即时疗效。方法:选择符合诊断标准的门诊患者120例,针其眼针穴区:心区和上焦区。针后30分钟描记心电图,计算心率,观察眼针对阵发性室上性心动过速的影响。结果:显效103例,占85.83%;有效9例,占7.5%;无效8例,占6.66%;总有效率93.33%.结论:眼针对阵发性室上性心动过速有较好的即时疗效。     

谷氨酰胺肠外营养对创伤后多器官衰竭患者的营养作用

目的探讨补充谷氨酰胺(Gln)的肠外营养在严重创伤后多器官衰竭(MOF)患者治疗中的作用。方法采用随机对照方法,将60例MOF患者分为Gln组和对照组,每组30例。Gln组给予Gln1.5ml/kg联合常规治疗[热量104～125kJ/(kg·d),其中脂肪供热40%,氮供给量为0.2～0.25g/(kg·d)的完全胃肠外营养(TPN)支持];对照组仅给予常规治疗,连续7d。对照分析营养指标、免疫指标、并发症及临床结果。结果所有患者营养指标(血清白蛋白、前清蛋白、转铁蛋白)和免疫指标(IgG、IgA、IgM)明显减低,处于负氮平衡。第8天时,Gln组营养指标明显高于治疗前及对照组(P<0.05),负氮平衡得到纠正(P<0.05),而对照组仅血清白蛋白、转铁蛋白较治疗前增高(P<0.05),仍处于负氮平衡(P>0.05)。Gln组免疫指标明显高于治疗前及对照组(P<0.01),而对照组仅IgG高于治疗前(P<0.01)。对照组14例(46.7%)出现了血清胆红素、丙氨酸转氨酶和血糖的升高,而Gln组仅4例(13.3%)增高(P<0.05),至14d时对照组病死率为36.7%,而Gln组仅为10%,两者相比差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论应用Gln的肠外营养能够明显纠正MOF患者的营养代谢障碍,纠正负氮平衡,增强免疫功能,降低并发症及病死率。     

全反式维甲酸对防治经皮冠脉介入治疗后再狭窄的临床疗效观察

目的观察不同剂量全反式维甲酸（ATRA）对防治经皮冠脉介入治疗（PCI）后再狭窄（Rs）的疗效。方法2004年7月至2005年9月连续入院行PCI的冠心病300例。随机分为全反式维甲酸正常剂量组（10mgt．i．d p．o，甲组）、强化剂量组（20mgt．i．d p．o，乙组）、对照组（丙组）。6个月后分别比较甲乙丙三组的再狭窄率、心脏事件发生率和心功能。结果300例患者中男性228例、女性72例。住院期间甲乙丙三组比较：心绞痛9％VS8％VS9％；再次急性心肌梗死（AMI）O％VS2％VS1％；再次缺血性血运重建（TVR）3％VS2％VS3％；心源性死亡4％VS6％VS4％，P〉0．05，无显著统计学差异。随访期间三组比较：心绞痛12％VS9％VS20％；再次AMII％VSO％VS1％；心源性死亡2％VS4％VS4％，P〉0．05，无显著统计学差异；再狭窄率3／33（9．1％）VS2／30（6．7％）VS12／32（37．5％）；TVR3％VS2％VS11％，P〈0．05，有显著统计学差异。结论常规剂量ATRA防治再狭窄安全有效。