Alterations of G-protein Coupling Function in Phosphoinositide Signalling Pathways of Rat Hippocampus by Ischaemic Brain Injury

The activation of membrane-associated phospholipase C is rapidly and transiently induced in the central nervous system by a variety of stimuli. Ischaemic brain injury is one of the situations that leads to a dramatic increase in polyphosphoinositide (PPI) turnover. In this study, stimulation of PPI hydrolysis by glutamate (500 μM) was measured in hippocampal slices from rats up to 21 days after an ischaemic insult of 30 min. Ischaemia was induced using the four-vessel occlusion method. PPI hydrolysis elicited by glutamate was significantly increased in the slices prepared from ischaemic rats 24 h after reperfusion, the accumulation of inositol phosphates (InsP_s) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP₃) was 614±74% ( n = 8) and 182±11% ( n = 9) of the basal level respectively. This potentiation was also observed 21 days after ischaemia. Hyper-responsiveness to glutamate was also accompanied by an increase in AIF⁻₄-stimulated formation of [³H]inositol phosphates. In addition, global ischaemia did not change either high-affinity [³H]glutamate binding in hippocampal membranes or the stimulation of PPI hydrolysis by carbachol or noradrenaline in hippocampal slices. The present results suggest that the increased responsiveness to glutamate is the result, at least in part, of functional changes at the G-protein level, and may contribute to the pathophysiology of ischaemic brain injury or to the regenerative phenomena that accompany ischaemic damage.     

Analysis of Implantation in Assisted Reproduction Through the Use of Serial Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Measurements

Purpose: Our purpose was to examine implantation of singleton pregnancies achieved following various assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) through the appearance and rising titers of serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels. Methods: A total of 114 singleton pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination was analyzed. Patients were divided into five groups according to the type of ovarian stimulation protocol [gonadotropin stimulation with/without the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa), long protocol, or flare-up technique] and to the day of embryo transfer (day 2 or day 3 after oocyte retrieval). Serial serum hCG levels were measured between 10 and 25 days after fertilization and log-transformed. Linear regression analyses were performed and extrapolated to hCG = 10 mIU/ml (hCG ₁₀ ), which was used as an estimate of detectable implantation. The slopes of the regression lines were used to estimate the rising speed of hCG. Results: There were no significant differences in the days of hCG in maternal serum to reach 10 mIU/ml (implantation) or in the slopes of the regression lines for all five studied groups. Conclusions: The appearance of hCG in maternal serum was used to assess the time of clinically detectable implantation. Furthermore, because hCG production is a marker of trophoblastic activity, its serum doubling time was used as an indicator of embryo quality. Results showed that in various ART protocols with and without GnRHa, there were no significant differences in implantation time or embryo quality. Embryo development in early pregnancy follows a preprogrammed-timing schedule and depends mainly on the embryonic age of the health, successfully implanted conceptus.     

Haemangiopericytomas: the prognostic value of immunohistochemical staining with a monoclonal antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)

Forty-two cases of haemangiopericytoma were studied retrospectively using immunohistochemical staining with PC10, a monoclonal antibody to PCNA. The percentage of tumour cells with positive staining for PCNA was found to correlate well with histological grading. Clinical follow-up data were available in 25 adults and showed no known deaths in 11 cases with a low proportion (less than 14%) of positive cells. Out of 14 cases with a high number (greater than or equal to 14%) of positive cells, seven patients are known to have died, two had metastases, and in a further two there have been multiple recurrences of tumour. DNA flow cytometry was performed on 26 cases but this showed no correlation with PC10 staining or clinical outcome. Staining with PC10 may be of particular value in the identification of patients at greatest risk of rapid tumour metastasis and early death.     

开放手术观察腰椎间盘突出症溶核失败45例分析

目的 通过开放手术观察分析椎间盘髓核化学溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症失败原因。方法 收集溶核失败的腰椎间盘突出症45例行开放手术治疗。结果 术中见45例硬膜外脂肪完全消失，43例髓核未见溶解，2例髓核溶解呈糊状但未被吸收，21例伴有侧隐窝狭窄，15例突出物与神经根粘连，20例黄韧带增厚，2例椎管骨性狭窄，14例突出物钙化。结论 腰椎间盘突出症病变间隙合并有侧隐窝狭窄、神经根粘连、椎管狭窄、突出物钙化等，不是溶核治疗的适应证。     

Innervation of the trapezius muscle: is cervical contribution important to its function?

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of the cervical plexus and the accessory nerve to the function of the trapezius muscle. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Eighteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. The neurotomies were performed in the left sides and the right sides served as within-subject controls. In group A, the accessory nerve was transected. The C2-5 were transected in group B, and both of the accessory nerve and C2-5 were cut in group C. The electrophysiologic, myophysiologic, and histologic changes of the muscles were measured. RESULTS: There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the three groups in the recovery rates of the transverse area of the muscles. The CMAP recorded from the experimental sides in group B were similar to the control sides. The values of the maximum tension of the tetanus contraction between the two sides showed no differences either (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The accessory nerve supplies the most important motor input to the trapezius. Motor innervations of the cervical plexus are not very significant.     

精神分裂症服用氯氮平能降低其甲状腺素水平的对照分析

目的探索氯氮平治疗是否影响T3、T4和TSH水平.方法对17例精神分裂症患者,给予氯氮平治疗第4天和第4周末分别测定T3、T4和TSH水平.结果治疗第4周末的T3(3.309±0.689)、T4(9.449±1.941)水平比第4天的T3(3.915±0.850)、T4(11.178±2.180)水平明显降低(P均＜0.05).结论氯氮平治疗能降低甲状腺素水平.     

正常人眼球直肌Pulley功能位置的动态磁共振成像研究

目的研究正常人眼球运动动态磁共振成像（MRI）4条直肌Pulley（滑车）的功能性位置。方法采用西门子公司Sonata1.5T超导型MRI扫描仪,应用眼球运动动态MRI技术,获取20名正常人（20个眼眶）眼球原在位及上转、下转、内转、外转20度时垂直于眶轴的眼眶冠状位MRI图像。以眼球中心为原点建立三维坐标系,应用ScionImage医学图像测量软件分别测量各层面眼球垂直转动时水平直肌、眼球水平转动时垂直直肌的横截面质心。根据各层面直肌横截面质心的坐标值建立直线回归方程,分别求得眼球垂直转动时内、外直肌径路及眼球水平转动时上、下直肌径路直线回归曲线斜率变化最大的一点,即为该直肌Pulley的功能性位置。对4条直肌Pulley相对于眼球中心的坐标值（X、Y）进行统计。结果内直肌Pulley位于眼球中心后4mm,内14.7mm,下0.3mm;外直肌Pulley位于眼球中心后8mm,外9.8mm,下0.3mm;上直肌Pulley位于眼球中心后6mm,内1.6mm,上11.5mm;下直肌Pulley位于眼球中心后6mm,内4.4mm,下12.7mm。结论应用眼球运动动态MRI技术,分析眼球转动时直肌径路的变化,可证实4条直肌Pulley的存在并确定其功能位置。     

重度抑郁症大学生经短周期有氧运动处方干预后抑郁症状和心肺功能的变化

目的:观察短周期有氧运动处方的干预对重庆抑郁症大学生抑郁症状和心肺功能的影响。方法:于2005-09/10选择陕西省西安市8所高校中的11例患抑郁症的大学生,男6例,女5例;年龄18～25岁。均符合美国社会精神疾病的诊断统计手册标准重度抑郁症的诊断标准;均对干预方案知情同意。采用自编运动处方,即修订跑台测试方法进行有氧运动干预,训练在每周一至周六进行,每日进行5组,每组3min,共干预3周;强度以周围毛细血管血乳酸浓度达(3.0±0.5)mmol/L为标准,组间间歇期为其1/2强度至恢复,乳酸浓度监测在每第6个训练计划日进行。心率作为监测指标,由于对于训练计划的适应,心率会逐步降低,所以通过提高跑台的转速增加运动强度。运动强度评价采用Bord自我用力感觉量表,强度保持在13,14级(比较困难)。检测最大摄氧量,以反映心肺功能耐力运动表现。在训练计划开始和结束时用汉密顿抑郁量表(5级评分,0～4分,分数越高表示抑郁症状越严重)评估患者抑郁症严重程度。结果:患抑郁症大学生11名均进入结果分析。训练后患抑郁症大学生汉密顿抑郁量表分为(13.12±5.54)分,较训练前明显下降[(19.55±3.30)分,P<0.01]。训练前后患抑郁症大学生最大摄氧量分别为(35.24±10.10),(33.91±10.23)mL/(kg·min),两者比较,差异不明显(P=1.000)。结论:重度抑郁症大学生经短周期有氧训练后,抑郁症状明显改善,心肺功能未见明显增强。     

IL-2-PE40体外抑制γ-干扰素诱导的角膜内皮细胞MHC抗原表达的研究

目的了解正常大鼠角膜内皮细胞在体外经γ-干扰素诱导后，主要组织相容性复合体（major histoeompatibility complex，MHC）-Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原异常表达的情况。并观察比较白细胞介素-2-绿脓杆菌外毒素（interleukin-2-pseudomonas exotoxin40。IL-2-PE40）、环胞霉素A（cyclosporine A，CsA）对角膜内皮细胞MHC-Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原异常表达的免疫抑制作用。方法采用ACAS-570黏附式细胞分析仪和免疫荧光技术，对体外原代培养经γ-干扰素诱导后的正常大鼠角膜内皮细胞分成A、B2组进行MHC-Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原表达的相对量测定，并在培养液中加入新型免疫抑制剂IL-2-PE40和CsA，进一步测定角膜内皮细胞MHC-Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原的表达量。结果未加入γ-干扰素前，MHC-Ⅰ类抗原的表达量为97．8±8．1，MHC-Ⅱ类抗原无表达；经γ-干扰素诱导后，MHC—Ⅰ类抗原的表达量为1006．3±13．2，MHC-Ⅱ类抗原表达量为406．5±10．5，γ-干扰素加入前后MHC-Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原比较均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。IL-2．PE40组MHC-Ⅰ类抗原的表达量为618．2±13．5，MHC-Ⅱ类抗原表达量为204．5±7．8，CsA组MHC-Ⅰ类抗原的表达量为609．5±12．9，MHC-Ⅱ类抗原表达量为198．5±6．9，IL-2．PE40组、CsA组分别与注射用水比较，MHC—Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原间均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。IL-2．PE40组与CsA组比较．MHC—Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论在体外，γ-干扰素可诱导角膜内皮细胞MHC-Ⅰ、Ⅱ类抗原异常表达；IL-2-PE40及CsA均能不同程度的抑制这种表达。[眼科新进展20ff7；27（3）：170．172]     

乏氧诱导因子-1α在非小细胞肺癌中的表达研究

Objective: To explore the expression level and its clinical significance of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in non-small lung cancer. Methods: The expression of HIF-1α was detected in 68 human non-small lung cancer samples by immunohistochemistry. Results: (1) Thirty-nine (57.35%) out of the 68 human non-small lung cancer samples was positive for HIF-1α; (2) The positive rate of HIF-1α in adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma was 54.76% (23/42) and 61.54% (16/26) respectively. No significant difference was found between adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma of non-small lung cancer in the expression of HIF-1α (P>0.05). The positive rate of HIF-1α in middle-high differentiation was 74.28% (26/35), significantly higher than in low differentiation (39.39%, 13/33) (P<0.05); (3) The positive expression of HIF-1α was not correlated to the sexes, ages, tumor stage and lymph node status. Conclusion: The expression of HIF-1α is higher in non-small lung cancer and is correlated to differentiation.