甲状腺结节的二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断研究

目的：探讨二维及彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺良、恶性结节的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法：120例甲状腺结节经二维超声了解其声像图表现，然后用彩色多普勒检查，观察结节内部及周边血流分布情况，并将其分为4级。结果：120例302个甲状腺结节中，良性结节264个，恶性结节38个。二维超声显示：恶性结节以实性低回声为主，内可见砂粒样钙化，边界不清，无声晕及包膜；良性结节以等、高回声及囊性、囊实性结节为主，形态规则，边界清，多有声晕及包膜。彩色多普勒超声显示：恶性结节的血流显示率明显高于良性结节，收缩期最高血流速度及阻力指数总体上高于良性结节，且以Ⅱ、Ⅲ级血流为主。结论：二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断甲状腺良、恶性结节准确率高。具有较大的临床应用价值。     

静滴1,6-二磷酸果糖局部疼痛对急性心肌梗死患者心肌耗氧量的影响

目的评估急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者静滴1,6-二磷酸果糖（FDP）时局部轻度、中度、重度疼痛对心肌耗氧量的影响。方法用长海痛尺评估120例AMI患者静滴FDP过程中疼痛程度,并对患者进行心电监护,对静滴FDP的患者在输液前、后的心率、血压、心肌耗氧量进行比较。结果输液后心肌耗氧量均高于输液前。结论AMI患者静滴FDP时局部疼痛的发生率高。轻度、中度、重度时均能引起心肌耗氧量的增加。     

子宫肌瘤与细胞凋亡的研究

目的:探讨子宫平滑肌瘤的发生与细胞凋亡的关系.方法:采用凝胶电泳技术对子宫平滑肌瘤患者的肌瘤核组织(实验组)及其周围的正常肌组织(对照组)进行DNA片段分析;采用碘化丙啶(PI)对DNA染色,流式细胞仪检测两组细胞的凋亡率,进行细胞凋亡的定量分析.结果:实验组有9例出现DNA断裂的梯形条带(9/30,30.0%),对照组有20例出现DNA梯形条带(20/30,66.7%),二者比较有明显差异;实验组凋亡率明显低于对照组.结论:子宫肌瘤的发生与细胞凋亡异常有关.     

体外冲击波对兔输尿管形态及组织学影响的研究

目的 :探讨冲击波 (SW )对输尿管形态的影响。方法 :将 4 2只成年兔随机分为 7组 ,每组 6只。第 1组为正常对照组 ;第 2～ 6组为液电式SW组 ;第 7组为电磁式SW组。各组接受冲击并在冲击后不同时间取材。全部标本行常规病理检查并予评分。结果 :第 2～ 5组和第 7组 ,肉眼可见焦点周围组织有出血、水肿等改变 ,输尿管直径较冲击前显著增加 (P <0 .0 1 )。光镜下可见平滑肌细胞变性及管腔狭窄 ,病理量化评分显著高于正常组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;电镜下则有肌细胞线粒体破坏等改变。第 6组形态改变不明显 ,病理评分和正常组的区别无显著性意义。结论 :临床剂量的冲击波能导致输尿管多种病理变化。冲击后第 5天 ,输尿管形态已基本恢复正常。由液电式和电磁式冲击波所致的输尿管急性损伤程度无明显的区别     

国外新冠医疗防疫体系建设策略研究及启示：以新加坡、英国为例

目的 通过案例研究总结国外新冠医疗防疫体系建设策略。方法 选取新加坡和英国作为研究案例,采用深度访谈和资料研究相结合的方式,访谈对象包括政府卫生署官员、传染病学专家以及基层全科医师等各类别专业人员,访谈内容涉及受访对象所在国家的医疗防疫体系设置情况和设计逻辑等。结果 两国的新冠防疫体系以分级诊疗为重要特征,其中新加坡通过"Hot Clinic"分流患者,英国通过远程诊疗分流患者。两国的门急诊设施改建以利用现有设施为主。两国全科诊所医护基本配置都相对简单,应对新冠疫情时常通过借用全院医护、统筹安排、适当延长工作时间等方式来扩充医护数量。两国在医疗防疫体系建设中均积极采取了信息化方式,疫情数据采集和信息公开较为及时。两国坚持"平战结合"策略,在逐步放开过程中灵活调整防疫政策和资源配置方案。结论 两国案例的优势及劣势可为我国医疗防疫体系实行分级建设、规范诊疗流程、细化基础设施、完善人员配置、推进信息化建设、贯彻"平战结合"策略并落实转化方案提供参考。     

Analysis of the HLA-A,-B allele polymorphism in 5844 umbilical cord blood samples taken from Han population of Shandong province

To investigate the HLA-A, -B allele polymorphism in Han population of Shandong province and to explore the possibility to find out the HLA-A, -B-matched cord blood donors for stem cell transplantation to be used in other area in China, 5844 umbilical cord blood samples were taken from Han population donors of Shandong province, and assayed with PCR-sequence-oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO) assay. In Shandong Han donors, 20 alleles at HLA-A locus and 46 alleles at HLA-B locus could be detected as revealed in the present study. Among the 20 alleles at HLA-A locus, the most prevalent five alleles included A * 02(0.3041), A * 11(0.1443), A * 24(0.1434), A * 30(0.0975) and A * 33(0.0859), while, the alleles with lower gene frequencies included A * 34(0.0006), A * 25 (0.0005), A*66(0.0005), A* 74(0.0004) and A* (0.0001). Of the 46 HLA-B alleles detected, the most prevalent five alleles were B * 13(0.1348), B * 51(0.0713), B * 62(0.0712), B * 61 (0.0676) and B * 60(0.0642); while alleles with lower gene frequencies included B * 77(0.0001), B * 76(0.0002), B * 47(0.0003), B * 42(0.0003) and B * 72(0.0004). In comparison with those of the other Han population in China, the HLA-A, -B gene frequencies in the umbilical cord blood of Shandong province possess unique distribution features among the investigated populations from various regions of the same race origin, and the differences in various regions of the same race were less than those among the different race. It is evident that the HLA-A,-B alleles of the umbilical cord blood taken in Shangdong province show high degree of polymorphism, and it might be part of those of Northern Han population in China. So, it is reasonable for patients of Northern Chinese to receive HLA class I -match transplant of cord blood stem cells for tissue and organ transplantation from Shangdong umbilical cord blood bank.     

Pyrford钢丝环扎加张力带内固定治疗髌骨骨折的生物力学分析

目的　测试Pyrford钢丝环扎加张力带内固定治疗髌骨骨折的生物力学特性 ,为临床治疗提供理论依据。方法　采集新鲜牛尸体膝关节标本 6具 ,制成髌骨骨折模型 ,用Pyrford钢丝环扎加张力带固定 ,并与克氏针张力带、单纯钢丝环扎进行对照比较。结果　Pyrford钢丝环扎加张力带内固定完全符合髌骨的生物力学性能 ,与克氏针张力带相当 ,能满足膝关节的强度 ,符合人体正常生理功能要求。结论　Pyrford钢丝环扎加张力带固定治疗髌骨骨折 ,具有优越的生物力学性能 ,且能达到解剖复位 ,操作简便 ,固定牢固 ,适应早期功能锻炼的目的     

Effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity of herpes simplex virus type 1 （HSV-1）

To observe the effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) so as to explore the mechanism of its antiviral activity, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used as the fluorescent probe to label viruses and heparin sodium was used as control. Meanwhile , the effect of Gardenia extract ZG on the adsorption quantity on the surface of Hep-2 cells was determined by flow cytometry. It was demonstrated that adsorption of HSV-1 on the surface of Hep-2 cells exhibited the character of saturation and specificity and heparin sodium could prevent attachment of viruses on these cells. These results are in accord with those reported previously. It was also proved that the manner of drug-use prior to adsorption or simultaneous use of drug and adsorption was better than adsorption prior to drug-use, and the inhibition rates of the former and latter manner were 84. 76% and 82.92% respectively. Three manners of drug-use with Gardenia extract ZG were all effective to reduce the adsorption quantity of viruses, especially the manner of simultaneous use of drug and adsorption with an adsorption inhibition rate of 68.46% . From the above observation, it is apparent that the mechanism of anti-viral activity of Gardenia extract ZG may be via several steps involved in the HSV-1 adsorption.     

大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤及预处理apelin的表达

目的观察大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤及预处理中apelin表达变化,探讨其可能的作用。方法SD大鼠60只随机分成4组:缺血/再灌注组(IR),预处理组(IP),假手术组(SH)和正常对照组(NC)。放免法测定血浆及心肌apelin-36蛋白含量,免疫组化法观察心肌apelin的表达,RT-PCR方法探讨大鼠心肌apelin mRNA表达。结果(1)血浆、心肌组织apelin-36浓度:IR的含量分别比NC低36.1%、45.6%(P<0.01),IP分别比NC低23.8%、24.7%(P<0.01)。SH与NC、IR与IP比无差异(P>0.05)。(2)apelin免疫组化染色吸光度值:IR与IP比NC分别低65.3%和36.8%(P<0.01,P<0.05),IR比IP低45.1%(P<0.05)。SH与NC无差别(P>0.05)。(3)心肌apelin mRNA的水平:IR是NC的40.2%(P<0.01),IP为NC的65.2%(P<0.05),IR是IP组的38.3%(P<0.05),SH与NC无差别(P>0.05)。结论在心肌缺血/再灌注损伤及预处理过程中,大鼠血浆及心肌组织apelin-36蛋白及基因表达下调,提示apelin在该病理生理过程中可能有重要作用。