炎性相关细胞因子和心肌梗死微循环再灌注状态的关系

目的　观察急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者梗死相关血管 (IRA)开通前后炎性细胞因子的动态变化及其与心肌组织水平灌注状态的关系。方法　 (1)测定 8例健康人和 2 2例AMI患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗术 (PCI)前即刻 ,术后 12、2 4h ,血浆白细胞介素 (IL) 1β、肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)α、IL 10的变化。 (2 )按照再灌注后 2h心电图ST段回落是否 >70 % ,将 2 2例AMI患者分为 :A组 (ST回落≥ 70 % )12例和B组 (ST回落 <70 % ) 10例 ,比较两组患者IL 1β、TNFα、IL 10的变化幅度。 结果　 (1)治疗前A、B两组AMI患者血浆TNFα、IL 10略高于健康对照组 ,但差异无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;而IL 1β显著高于健康对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;再灌注后 12、2 4hA、B两组血浆IL 1β和TNFα均较术前显著增高 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ) ,B组血浆IL 10较术前显著增高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,A组则无此变化 (P >0 0 5 )。 (2 )A、B两组间比较 ,治疗前TNFα、IL 1β、IL 10差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;成功PCI、IRA血流达TIMI 3级者 ,B组患者血浆IL 1β、TNFα、IL 10 ,在再灌注 12h显著高于A组 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,再灌注 2 4h ,IL 1β、IL 10仍然高于A组 (P <0 0 5 )。 (3)A、B两组患者抗炎因子IL 10的升高幅度均显著低于致炎     

Noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis with combined serum aminotransferase/platelet ratio index and hyaluronic acid in patients with chronic hepatitis B

AIM： To construct a noninvasive assessment model consisting of routine laboratory data to predict significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B （CHB）. METHODS： A total of 137 consecutive patients with CriB who underwent percutaneous liver biopsy were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into two groups according to their aminotransferase （ALT） level. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value （PPV）, negative predictive value （NPV）, the likelihood ratio （LR） of aminotransferase/platelet ratio index （APRI） ≥ 1.5 or 〈 1.5 in combination with different hyaluronic acid （HA） cut-off points were calculated for the presence of moderate to severe fibrosis/cirrhosis （fibrosis stages 2 and 4） and no to mild fibrosis/cirrhosis （fibrosis stages 0 and 1）. RESULTS： The APRI correlated with fibrosis stage in CriB patients. The APRI ≥1.5 in combination with a cut-off HA cut-off point 〉 300 ng/mL could detect moderate to severe fibrosis （stages 2-4） in Crib patients. The PPV was 93.7%, the specificity was 98.9%. The APRI 〈 1.5 in combination with different HA cut-off points could not detect no to mild fibrosis in CHB patients. CONCLUSION： The APRI ≥ 1.5 in combination with a HA cut-off point 〉 300 ng/mL can detect moderate to severe fibrosis （stages 2-4） in Crib patients.     

A gene cluster for secondary metabolism in oat: implications for the evolution of metabolic diversity in plants

The evolution of the ability to synthesize specialized metabolites is likely to have been key for survival and diversification of different plant species. Oats (Avena spp.) produce antimicrobial triterpenoids (avenacins) that protect against disease. The oat beta-amyrin synthase gene AsbAS1, which encodes the first committed enzyme in the avenacin biosynthetic pathway, is clearly distinct from other plant beta-amyrin synthases. Here we show that AsbAS1 has arisen by duplication and divergence of a cycloartenol synthase-like gene, and that its properties have been refined since the divergence of oats and wheat. Strikingly, we have also found that AsbAS1 is clustered with other genes required for distinct steps in avenacin biosynthesis in a region of the genome that is not conserved in other cereals. Because the components of this gene cluster are required for at least four clearly distinct enzymatic processes (2,3-oxidosqualene cyclization, beta-amyrin oxidation, glycosylation, and acylation), it is unlikely that the cluster has arisen as a consequence of duplication of a common ancestor. Although clusters of paralogous genes are common in plants (e.g., gene clusters for rRNA and specific disease resistance), reports of clusters of genes that do not share sequence relatedness and whose products contribute to a single selectable function are rare [Gierl, A. & Frey, M. (2001) Planta 213, 493-498]. Taken together, our evidence has important implications for the generation of metabolic diversity in plants.     

Mouse model of post-infarct ventricular rupture: time course, strain- and gender-dependency, tensile strength, and histopathology

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies on mice with surgically induced acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have documented the frequent occurrence of ventricular rupture, an event not previously reported in other laboratory species. We have examined the natural history, histopathology and myocardial mechanical strength in mice with AMI. METHODS: AMI was induced by coronary artery occlusion and animals were monitored for fatal events. Gross and histological examinations were undertaken. RESULTS: Rupture occurred in the left ventricular free wall at 2-6 days after AMI. Incidence of rupture in male mice varied among three strains studied (3% for FVB/N, 27% for C57B/6J, and 59% for 129sv, P<0.05) and was lower in female than male mice (23% vs. 59%, P<0.05). Histologically, ruptured hearts had rapid-occurring and severe infarct expansion, multifocal intramural hemorrhage and leucoyte infiltration at the border zone and infarcted zone. In vitro, infarcted left ventricles demonstrated a 50-60% reduction in muscle tensile strength. This reduction preceded the onset of rupture and was related to the time-window of rupture and to infarct size. CONCLUSION: LV wall rupture in the mouse occurs within a narrow time-window after AMI and is strain- and gender-dependent. Infarct expansion, regional hemorrhage with formation of hematoma and leuocyte accumulation are important pathological changes leading to reduced myocardial tensile strength.     

江滩地区纳潮引水药浸法杀灭钉螺的现场评价

［摘要］　目的　比较江滩地区纳潮引水药浸法与单纯喷洒法现场灭螺效果。方法　在2块相邻有螺江滩上分别采用纳潮引水药浸法灭螺（灭螺药为26%四聚·杀螺胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂）与单纯26%四聚·杀螺胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂喷洒法灭螺，在灭螺前后分别进行螺情调查并计算灭后活螺密度。结果　纳潮引水药浸法灭螺后1年和2年活螺密度下降率分别为72.19%和100.00%，单纯喷洒法灭螺后1年和2年活螺密度下降率分别为5.93%和18.15%。结论　有螺江滩纳潮引水药浸法灭螺效果明显优于单纯喷洒法灭螺，纳潮引水药浸法灭螺持续开展2年以上效果更佳。     

Knockdown of augmenter of liver regeneration in HK-2 cells inhibits inflammation response via the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway

Inflammation Research - Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is a growth factor that is ubiquitously expressed in multiple forms among eukaryotes. The present study focused on the role of...     

Facile synthesis of high-surface-area nanoporous carbon from biomass resources and its application in supercapacitors

It is critical for nanoporous carbons to have a large surface area, and low cost and be readily available for challenging energy and environmental issues. The pursuit of all three characteristics, particularly large surface area, is a formidable challenge because traditional methods to produce porous carbon materials with a high surface area are complicated and expensive, frequently resulting in pollution (commonly from the activation process). Here we report a facile method to synthesize nanoporous carbon materials with a high surface area of up to 1234 m² g⁻¹ and an average pore diameter of 0.88 nm through a simple carbonization procedure with carefully selected carbon precursors (biomass material) and carbonization conditions. It is the high surface area that leads to a high capacitance (up to 213 F g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹) and a stable cycle performance (6.6% loss over 12 000 cycles) as shown in a three-electrode cell. Furthermore, the high capacitance (107 F g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹) can be obtained in a supercapacitor device. This facile approach may open a door for the preparation of high surface area porous carbons for energy storage.

High-surface-area nanoporous carbon is obtained by direct pyrolysis of biomass resources without an activation process. An electrochemical test shows high capacitance.     

Electrochemical oxidizing digestion using PbO2 electrode for total phosphorus determination in a water sample

Total phosphorus is one of the key water quality parameters in environmental monitoring. To precisely determine the total phosphorus, water samples have to be pretreated to convert the various forms of phosphorus to orthophosphate. Conventionally, pretreatment is accomplished by heating, acidification, and oxidation in a digestion equipment, which is dangerous, time-consuming, and complicated. Herein, we propose a novel high-performance electrochemical oxidation protocol for phosphorus digestion based on a PbO₂ electrode. The electrode, which has a hydrophobic and stable surface, was prepared by electrochemical deposition on a titanium substrate and has high hydroxyl radical utilization when digesting total phosphorus. As a result, 90% of sodium glycerophosphate was digested within 30 minutes, and high digestion ratios of acephate, glyphosate, and inland water samples were obtained as well. In addition, this electrochemical digestion protocol does not required heating and acidification steps, which shortens the digestion time. Therefore, a rapid quantification of total phosphorus in the water sample was achieved.

Using electrochemical oxidation for digestion when testing total phosphorus with a digestion ratio of about 90%.     

Correction: Comparative pharmacokinetics of four active components on normal and diabetic rats after oral administration of Gandi capsules

Correction for ‘Comparative pharmacokinetics of four active components on normal and diabetic rats after oral administration of Gandi capsules’ by Renjie Xu et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 6620–6628.

AJing Xu''s name, affiliation and E-mail address were incorrectly reproduced in the published article. The correct versions are shown here.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Formation mechanism and characterization of porous biomass carbon for excellent performance lithium-ion batteries

Porous biomass carbon derived from corn stalks was prepared via carbonization and activation of CaCl₂. Combined with its microstructure, the formation mechanism and electrochemical properties were analyzed. The addition of CaCl₂ was the key factor to form the porous structure, and the proportion of CaCl₂ had a significant impact on the pores distribution and electrochemical properties. The resulting sample had a specific surface area of 370.6 m² g⁻¹ and an average pore size of 9.65 nm. The sample was circulated at 0.2C for 100 cycles, the specific discharge capacity was 783 mA h g⁻¹. After 60 cycles at different rates, when the current was restored to 0.2C again, the discharge specific capacity quickly recovered. This showed that the sample had excellent rate performance and cycle stability for lithium-ion batteries.

Porous biomass carbon derived from corn stalks was prepared via carbonization and activation of CaCl₂.