Prospects of Probiotic Adjuvant Drugs in Clinical Treatment

In modern society, where new diseases and viruses are constantly emerging, drugs are still the most important means of resistance. However, adverse effects and diminished efficacy remain the leading cause of treatment failure and a major determinant of impaired health-related quality of life for patients. Clinical studies have shown that the disturbance of the gut microbial structure plays a crucial role in the toxic and side effects of drugs. It is well known that probiotics have the ability to maintain the balance of intestinal microecology, which implies their potential as an adjunct to prevent and alleviate the adverse reactions of drugs and to make medicines play a better role. In addition, in the past decade, probiotics have been found to have excellent prevention and alleviation effects in drug toxicity side effects, such as liver injury. In this review, we summarize the development history of probiotics, discuss the impact on drug side effects of probiotics, and propose the underlying mechanisms. Probiotics will be a new star in the world of complementary medicine.     

Effect of baseline resting heart rate on the risk of all‐cause death in Chinese patients with hypertension

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between baseline resting heart rate (RHR) and all‐cause death in the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT). A post hoc analysis was conducted using data from 20,648 hypertensive adults without cardiovascular disease in the CSPPT and with baseline RHR data available. Over a median follow‐up duration of 4.5 years, the baseline RHR and risk for all‐cause death had a nonlinear relationship. The risk of all‐cause death was higher in participants with an RHR ≥85 bpm (hazard ratio 1.42; 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.96, p = .031) than in those with a baseline RHR of 75–80 bpm. The effect of RHR on all‐cause death during the treatment period was modified by the folate level (p = .020) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) during treatment(p = .056). The effect of RHR on the risk of all‐cause death was stronger when the folate level was low than when it was high; the risk was higher when the RHR was < 75 bpm or ≥80 bpm than when it was 75–80 bpm. RHR had a greater effect on the risk of all‐cause death when SBP during treatment was well controlled than when it was not; again, the risk was higher when the RHR was < 75 bpm or ≥80 bpm than when it was 75–80 bpm. A higher baseline RHR resulted in an increased risk of all‐cause mortality in Chinese adults with hypertension but no history of stroke or myocardial infarction.     

低密度聚乙烯滴眼剂瓶与药物的相容性研究

目的:分别从三个方面考察药包材与盐酸羟苄唑滴眼液之间的相容性,为今后类似药物相容性研究提供参考数据.方法:模拟厂家处方,配制样品,灌装至低密度聚乙烯滴眼剂瓶中.(1)于不同时间测定盐酸羟苄唑滴眼液的pH值;(2)采用GC-MS方法考察滴眼液瓶身与样品是否含邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂成分;(3)考察低密度聚乙烯瓶对抑菌剂三氯叔...     

扫描信号强度对OCTA测量正常人黄斑浅层血流的影响

目的：:研究扫描信号强度（SS）对光学相干断层扫描血管成像（OCTA）测量正常人黄斑浅层血流密度的影响。方法：:系列病例研究。对2020年9—12月在北京同仁医院进行健康体检的某事业单位在职职工进行系统眼科检查,应用光学相干断层扫描（OCT）和OCTA测量平均黄斑节细胞内丛状层（mGCIPL）厚度和黄斑6 mm×6 m...     

Brain Metabolic Network Redistribution in Patients with White Matter Hyperintensities on MRI Analyzed with an Individualized Index Derived from 18F-FDG-PET/MRI

ObjectiveWhether metabolic redistribution occurs in patients with white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is unknown. This study aimed 1) to propose a measure of the brain metabolic network for an individual patient and preliminarily apply it to identify impaired metabolic networks in patients with WMHs, and 2) to explore the clinical and imaging features of metabolic redistribution in patients with WMHs.Materials and MethodsThis study included 50 patients with WMHs and 70 healthy controls (HCs) who underwent ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/MRI. Various global property parameters according to graph theory and an individual parameter of brain metabolic network called “individual contribution index” were obtained. Parameter values were compared between the WMH and HC groups. The performance of the parameters in discriminating between the two groups was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The correlation between the individual contribution index and Fazekas score was assessed, and the interaction between age and individual contribution index was determined. A generalized linear model was fitted with the individual contribution index as the dependent variable and the mean standardized uptake value (SUV_mean) of nodes in the whole-brain network or seven classic functional networks as independent variables to determine their association.ResultsThe means ± standard deviations of the individual contribution index were (0.697 ± 10.9) × 10^-3 and (0.0967 ± 0.0545) × 10^-3 in the WMH and HC groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The AUC of the individual contribution index was 0.864 (95% confidence interval, 0.785–0.943). A positive correlation was identified between the individual contribution index and the Fazekas scores in patients with WMHs (r = 0.57, p < 0.001). Age and individual contribution index demonstrated a significant interaction effect on the Fazekas score. A significant direct association was observed between the individual contribution index and the SUV_mean of the limbic network (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe individual contribution index may demonstrate the redistribution of the brain metabolic network in patients with WMHs.     

Case report of double superior vena cava and double odd vein with hypoplastic left brachiocephalic vein

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a common venous variation that is usually accompanied by an absence of the left brachiocephalic vein, and displays a higher incidence in patients with congenital heart disease. Here, the case of a 57-year-old male patient who was found to have PLSVC on chest computed tomography (CT) during screening for gastric cancer metastasis at the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, is described. Further coronal CT and three-dimensional reconstruction of the chest revealed the patient''s double superior vena cava (DSVC), double odd veins, and left brachiocephalic vein dysplasia. The patient did not have congenital heart disease and the case was associated with dysplasia of the left brachiocephalic vein, indicating an unusual and rare venous abnormality. At the time of writing, the patient was receiving antitumour therapy.     

仅用阿替卡因颊侧浸润麻醉拔除上颌第三磨牙的临床对照研究

目的：评价上颌第三磨牙拔除术中阿替卡因颊侧浸润注射对腭侧软组织的麻醉作用,讨论常规腭侧浸润麻醉注射是否必须。方法：28例拔除双侧上颌第三磨牙患者,每位患者作为其自身对照。对照侧利用盐酸阿替卡因行颊侧浸润麻醉及腭侧浸润麻醉,实验侧仅行颊侧浸润麻醉。注射3min后常规方法拔除患牙。利用100mm直观模拟标度尺（VAS）及问卷调查获得患者拔牙时的痛觉数据。结果：实验侧和对照侧的疼痛感觉（VAS值）没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）,拔牙过程中的疼痛均可接受。结论：仅用阿替卡因颊侧浸润麻醉可顺利拔除上颌第三磨牙,无需常规腭侧浸润麻醉,从而避免腭侧注射的疼痛不适。     

淫羊藿素在大鼠体内的药动学研究

 目的 研究淫羊藿素灌胃或静脉注射给药后原型药物及结合型药物在大鼠体内的血浆药动学和排泄特征,为新药开发提供参考依据。方法 采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定生物样品经酶水解前后淫羊藿素浓度。结果 大鼠灌胃给予不同剂量淫羊藿素（20、40和80 mg·kg-1）后,ρ_max和AUC_0-∞与给药剂量呈正相关,生物利用度分别为17.29%、13.80%和10.70%。灌胃给予80 mg·kg-1淫羊藿素后,大鼠血浆中游离淫羊藿素的ρmax和AUC_0-∞分别为13.26 ng·mL-1,495.67 ng·h·mL-1;游离与结合形式总和的药动学参数分别为597.50 ng·mL-1,12 038 ng·h·mL-1。静脉给药20 mg·kg-1后,大鼠血浆中游离淫羊藿素的ρmax和AUC_0-∞分别为5 896 ng·mL-1,2 470 ng·h·mL-1;游离与结合形式总和的药动学参数分别为11 598 ng·mL-1,23 303 ng·h·mL-1。大鼠灌胃给予80 mg·kg-1淫羊藿素72 h后,尿、粪样品中游离淫羊藿素的排泄量分别占给药量的0.04%和25.09%,游离与结合形式总和的排泄量分别占给药量的0.14%和32.46%;大鼠静脉注射给予20 mg·kg-1淫羊藿素72 h后,尿、粪样品中游离淫羊藿素的排泄量分别占给药量的0.58%和8.76%,游离与结合形式总和的排泄量分别占给药量的2.48%和10.82%。结论 淫羊藿素给药后在体内主要以结合形式存在,生物利用度较低,主要通过粪便排泄。     

灰树花提取物对脾虚小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞和脾细胞的影响

目的:探讨灰树花提取物对脾虚小鼠的免疫调节机制。方法:健康雄性清洁级昆明小鼠30只随机分为6组,即空白对照组、脾虚组、阳性对照组(香菇多糖,2 mg·kg-1)、灰树花提取物低剂量组(5 mg·kg-1),灰树花提取物中剂量组(10 mg·kg-1)、灰树花提取物高剂量组(20 mg·kg-1),每组5只,滤菌后ip 10 d,第11天处死动物。检测小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红、产生一氧化氮(NO)能力(Griess法),以及MTT法检测淋巴细胞转化率、自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)杀伤活性。结果:高剂量灰树花提取物可明显提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红能力(P<0.05)和产生NO能力(P<0.01);高剂量灰树花提取物能明显提高小鼠脾脏B细胞增殖能力(P<0.01);中、高剂量灰树花提取物能明显提高小鼠脾脏T细胞增殖能力(P<0.05和P<0.01)灰树花提取物中、高剂量组小鼠脾脏NK细胞杀伤能力均明显高于脾虚组(P<0.01)。结论:灰树花提取物可以通过提高巨噬细胞吞噬能力和产生NO能力、以及淋巴细胞转化率、NK细胞杀伤活性的途径提高脾虚小鼠的免疫功能。     

经皮穴位电刺激超前镇痛对术后芬太尼镇痛效果的影响

目的观察经皮穴位电刺激(TEAS)超前镇痛对术后芬太尼镇痛效果的影响。方法选择美国麻醉医师学会分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,择期行腰椎内固定术的患者90例,随机平均分为3组。超前镇痛组(Ⅰ组)手术切皮前30 min行TEAS至手术结束,术中镇痛组(Ⅱ组)手术开始时TEAS至手术结束,Ⅲ组为对照组。术后均采用芬太尼静脉自控镇痛。观察3组患者苏醒时间,拔管时间,拔管后躁动情况,术后2、6、12、24、48 h疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)、镇静程度评分(Ramsay评分),镇痛泵芬太尼用量及不良反应发生情况。结果Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组VAS和Ramsay评分2 h、6 h低于Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅰ组12 h低于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P0.05)。与Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组比较,Ⅰ组术后镇痛芬太尼累积消耗量减少,术后头晕、恶心、呕吐发生率降低(P0.05)。结论经皮穴位电刺激超前镇痛对术后镇痛芬太尼用量有节俭作用。