Long-Term Outcome and Prognostic Factors After Spontaneous Cerebellar Hemorrhage

Cerebellar hemorrhage is the least common type of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) encountered in clinical practice, and clinical data concerning the long-term outcomes are limited. This study aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes following spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage in a cohort of Chinese patients. This single-center observational study was carried out between 1996 and 2010 and included 72 consecutive Chinese patients with a first spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage. Of 440 patients with primary ICH, 72 (16.4%) had primary cerebellar hemorrhage. The mean age was 67.5?±?12.3?years and patients were predominantly male (54%). The 30-day mortality was 16.7% with Glasgow coma scale ??8 as the only predictor. At 6?months, 56.7% of patients who survived the first 30?days had a persistently poor functional status with modified Rankin scale score >2. After a mean follow-up of 4.7?years, 3.3% of patients had recurrent ICH, a recurrence rate of 7.3 per 1,000 patient-years. Ischemic stroke occurred in 12% of patients, an incidence of 25.5 per 1,000 patient-years. This study provided data on the long-term outcome of post-cerebellar hemorrhage in Chinese patients.     

神经上皮组织起源的脑肿瘤中连接蛋白的表达

目的　探讨连接蛋白 (Cx) 43、3 2在神经上皮组织起源的脑肿瘤中表达及其与肿瘤的病理类型、恶性程度的关系。方法　利用Cx43、Cx3 2和Ki 67单抗或多抗对 8例正常脑组织、5 0例神经上皮组织起源的脑肿瘤和 4个恶性脑瘤体外细胞系进行免疫组化检测。结果　神经上皮组织起源的脑肿瘤中Cx表达阳性率为 5 4% ,Cx3 2仅在低恶度少枝胶质细胞瘤中表达 ,Cx43表达随WHO分级升高而下降 ;与Ki 67标记指数 (LI)呈负相关。表达缺失多见于高Ki 67LI者。结论　神经上皮组织起源的脑肿瘤中CX 表达可下降或缺失 ,Cx43表达与肿瘤的病理类型及恶性程度密切相关     

Relationship between inward rectifier potassium current impairment and brain injury after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.

Functional alterations of barium-sensitive potassium inward rectifier (KIR) current, which is involved in the vasodilation of middle cerebral arteries (MCA) in rat brain, have been described during brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). The authors investigate the effects of I/R on KIR current recorded in isolated myocytes from MCA of control rats and from contralateral and ipsilateral MCA of ischemic rats by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, and the relationship between its alteration and the severity of brain injury. The vascular smooth muscle cells exhibited similar morphologic features in all conditions, and the KIR was present in the three groups of myocytes, exhibiting a characteristic inward rectification and a normal external potassium dependence. The KIR density was significantly reduced in cell of MCA ipsilateral to occlusion with a maximum at -135 mV, whereas there was no difference between control and contralateral cells. This alteration in KIR density in occluded MCA was significantly correlated with severity of brain injury and brain edema. These results suggest that the alteration of KIR density in MCA myocytes after I/R and the consecutive impaired dilation of MCA may contribute to aggravation of the brain injury.     

利用深度学习提升肺癌调强质子治疗笔形束剂量计算准确性

目的质子笔形束(PB)剂量计算可实现快速剂量计算,但在处理组织不均匀度大的区域时误差较大,而蒙特卡洛(MC)剂量计算是最精准的方法但非常耗时;深度学习技术可以通过学习PB和MC剂量分布之间的差异,将剂量计算准确度从PB水平提高到MC水平。方法基于HD U-Net神经网络,开发了一个可将肺癌调强质子治疗患者的PB剂量转换为MC剂量的模型。该模型以患者PB剂量和CT图像作为输入来预测MC剂量。27例非小细胞肺癌患者的射束剂量和CT图像在被旋转到同一角度并作归一化后被用于模型训练与测试。模型的准确性通过比较预测剂量与MC剂量的均方误差和1 mm/1%标准的γ通过率等评估。结果模型预测剂量与MC剂量相当吻合,测试病例1 mm/1%标准的平均γ通过率(剂量值超过最大MC剂量10%的体素)达到(92.8±3.4)%。模型预测所有测试病例的MC剂量所需平均时间为(6.72±2.26)s。结论成功开发了可以快速准确地从PB剂量和CT图像预测MC剂量的深度学习模型,并可用于提高肺癌调强质子治疗PB剂量计算精度。     

瑞格列奈与二甲双胍联合治疗40例2型糖尿病患者血浆内皮素和一氧化氮水平的影响

目的:探讨瑞格列奈与二甲双胍联合治疗对2型糖尿病患者血管内皮细胞功能的影响。方法:选取新诊断2型糖尿病患者80例,随机分A、B两组,各40例,A组给予瑞格列奈联合二甲双胍治疗,B组给予瑞格列奈治疗,治疗3个月,观察治疗前后血浆一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET-1)水平变化。结果:与治疗前相比,A、B两组NO水平均相应升高,ET-1水平均相应降低,均有显著性差异,两组比较,A组较B组NO水平升高更明显,ET-1水平降低更明显。结论:瑞格列奈与二甲双胍联合治疗能有效提高2型糖尿病患者血浆NO水平和降低ET-1水平,可更有效的改善血管内皮功能。     

基于病床工作效率指标的医院科室床位设置简

目的：通过对医院实际床位设置使用情况的分析,为医院优化临床科室床位设置提供科学依据。方法：采用回顾性研究的方法,提取某院2012年度医疗统计报表数据,应用Excel2003统计软件,利用病床工作效率指标计算出各科平均开放床位数的95％可信区间并据此分析。结果：某院2012年全年床位设置齐全的21个临床科室中7个科室床位设置比较合理,14个科室床位设置存在偏多或偏少现象。结论：21个临床科室中床位设置需要调整的有11个科室,建议医院需要根据各临床科室床位使用情况,及时调整床位配置,采用动态管理,从而更有效地利用病床资源,创造良好的社会效益和经济效益。     

一叶抗流感胶囊抑制甲型H1N1流感病毒感染的体内外研究

目的:研究一叶抗流感胶囊体内外抗甲型H1N1流感病毒的作用。方法:ICR小鼠随机分为对照组、利巴韦林组(0.07 g·kg-1)、抗病毒颗粒组(4.24 g·kg-1)、一叶抗流感胶囊(1.5,0.75,0.38 g·kg-1),采用甲型H1N1流感病毒(FM1,PR8)滴鼻感染小鼠造成肺炎模型,治疗给药于感染后连续ig 4 d,预防给药4 d后再感染病毒,计算肺指数、死亡率、死亡保护率、平均存活天数和生命延长率;体外Cytopathic effect(CPE)法观察一叶抗流感胶囊抗流感病毒的作用,犬肾上皮细胞(Madin-Darby canine kidney,MDCK)细胞密度为1×105个/mL,药物质量浓度为2.5,1.25,0.62,0.31 g·L-1,作用时间为48 h,每组4个样本。结果:与正常组比较,采用甲型H1N1流感病毒FM1和PR8病毒株感染小鼠后,治疗给药和预防给药下,病毒组肺指数均明显增高,治疗给药组的死亡率分别为90%和90%、预防给药组的死亡率为85%和55%,治疗给药组的平均存活天数分别为9.20 d和9.25 d、预防给药组的平均存活天数分别为9.35,11.60 d;一叶抗流感胶囊高、中剂量组治疗性给药后能明显降低流感病毒FM1株和PR8株感染后小鼠的肺指数(高剂量组1.03±0.28,0.88±0.13;中剂量组1.08±0.14,0.92±0.10);延长平均存活天数[高剂量组(11.05±2.86),(11.20±2.86)d,中剂量组(10.95±2.78)d,(10.90±2.86)d,一叶抗流感胶囊高、中剂量组预防性给药明显延长平均存活天数(11.15±2.30),(11.75±2.24)d。一叶抗流感胶囊在体外对FM1毒株的IC50为0.89 g·L-1,治疗指数为6.75。结论:一叶抗流感胶囊对甲型H1N1流感亚型FM1株体内、体外均有明显的治疗作用;对PR8株仅体内治疗给药有效。     

短片藁本精油化学成分的研究

从短片藁本精油中鉴定出45个成分,其主要成分是α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、柠檬烯等。未检测出川芎、藁本等植物精油中所含的藁本内酯等有效成分。这一研究为短片藁本的质量评价提供了依据。     

Distribution of Pigment Particles in Aqueous Drainage Structures in a DBA/2J Mouse Model of Pigmentary Glaucoma

PurposeTo characterize the distribution of pigment particles in aqueous drainage structures of DBA/2J mice with different intraocular pressure (IOP) levels.MethodsDBA/2J mice were monitored from 9 to 44 weeks of age. IOP measurements were performed periodically. At 12, 20, 28, and 36 weeks, three mice were randomly selected for each time point and divided into three IOP groups. The morphology, size, and quantity of pigment particles in aqueous drainage structures were determined via transmission electron microscopy combined with ImageJ-based analysis. Between-group differences were evaluated with a one-way analysis of variance and Fisher''s least significant difference test.ResultsIn the anterior chamber, 74.2% (187/252) of pigment particles were round (diameter range, 0.20–0.73 µm), and 25.8% (65/252) were oval (length range, 0.35–1.20 µm ). In the high-IOP group (IOP≥15 mmHg), pigment particles in the trabecular meshwork (TM) were more abundant and larger in size than those in the normal-IOP group (P<0.001). All separate pigment particles in the TM of the high-IOP group were >0.4  µm in size. The diameters of round (IOP≤10 mmHg, 0.44±0.13 µm; IOP between 10 and 15 mmHg, 0.57±0.13 µm; IOP≥15 mmHg, 0.61±0.12 µm) and the lengths of oval (0.65±0.14 µm vs. 0.77±0.12 µm vs. 0.88±0.15 µm, respectively) pigment particles in the TM differed among groups (F=27.258 and F=27.295, respectively; both P<0.001). No such differences were discovered in the iris and around Schlemm''s canal (P>0.05).ConclusionsIn DBA/2J mice, large and medium pigment particles (>0.4 µm) seem to play an important role in causing aqueous outflow obstruction and IOP elevation.     

马齿苋多糖脱蛋白工艺的研究

目的研究马齿苋多糖的脱蛋白工艺。方法采用Sevage法、三氯乙酸法及盐酸法对马齿苋多糖进行脱蛋白处理。结果Sevage法、三氯乙酸法及盐酸法的多糖损失率分别为12．9％、6．7％、14．6％。结论盐酸法脱蛋白效果明显，但多糖损失率较高，Sevage法的脱蛋白效果次之，三氯乙酸法多糖损失率较低，但脱蛋白效果较差。