正常小肠螺旋CT三期扫描技术和方法研究

目的探索正常小肠螺旋CT三期扫描技术和方法的最佳合理配伍关系。方法 80例正常小肠患者 ,随机分为两组 ,按两种配对参数各自进行螺旋CT三期扫描 ,通过双盲法分别选择确定两组显示良好影像质量小肠CT片 ,其中甲组 36例 ,乙组2 5例 ,两组经X2 检验 ,其P 相似文献   

大鼠皮质神经元的体外培养和纯化

目的：探讨大鼠皮质神经元分离纯化的有效方法。方法：取胎鼠大脑皮质细胞，分别在不同的培养液中进行原代培养，利用相差显微镜对培养的细胞进行动态观察；并以免疫细胞化学技术对神经元进行染色。结果：在相差显微镜下可见加用N2添加剂和胎牛血清培养的神经元生长良好，胞体形态多样，突起数目多，长度长，与邻近神经元的胞体或突起形成接触，而胶质细胞则大量死亡，神经元纯化率达94％以上，未加用N2添加剂培养的神经元胶质细胞大量存在，神经元纯化率达50％左右。结论：N2添加剂和胎牛血清联合应用可使大鼠皮质神经元得到良好的生长和有效纯化。     

哮喘患儿血清嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白改变及其意义

目的：评价变应性哮喘患儿血清嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白（S-ECP）水平改变及其意义。方法：测定25例哮喘发作期患儿糖皮质激素吸入治疗12周前后，及20例未予糖皮质激素吸入治疗的哮喘缓解期患儿S-ECP水平，并对发作期患儿S-ECP水平变化与血嗜酸性粒细胞计数（B-EOS）、肺功能一秒用力呼气量（FEV1）、一秒用力呼气量比用力肺活量（FEV1/FVC）及症状评分的关系作相关性分析。结果：哮喘发作组治疗后S-ECP水平较治疗前显著降低，与对照组（健康儿童10名）比较差异无显著性；哮喘缓解组S-ECP水平明显高于发作组治疗后，但明显低于发作组治疗前。哮喘发作组治疗前S-ECP水平变化与B-EOS无相关性，与FEV1、FEV1/FVC呈负相关，与症状评分呈正相关。结论：监测S-ECP水平可作为评价哮喘气道炎症程度、病情预后和指导抗炎治疗的有效指标。     

异丙酚静脉全麻复合硬膜外腔阻滞麻醉期间CO2气腹对血流动力学和氧耗的影响

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of intraperitoneal CO2 insufflation on the hemodynamics, oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) during intravenous anesthesia with propofol in combination with epidural block. METHODS: Intratracheal intubation was performed after rapid induction of anesthesia and mechanical ventilation was given. Maintenance of anesthesia was achieved using continuous intravenous propofol infusion (2 mg/kg/h) ?N2O inhalation and intermittent epidural administration. Indices of hemodynamics and respiratory function were collected 5 min before induction, 1 min before CO2 insufflation, and 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 min after the start of insufflation and 5 min after the termination of insufflation. RESULTS: The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), end-tidal PCO2 (P(ET)CO2), VO2 and VCO2 1 min before insufflation were markedly reduced(P<0.01), compared with those recorded before induction. MAP and HR did not undergo any conspicuous changes during CO2 insufflation and 5 min after insufflation termination. Compared with that 1 min before insufflation, PETCO2 was significantly increased 20 min after the start of insufflation (P<0.01), and subsequently carried on the increase though of a lesser scale. VO2 and VCO2 gradually rose after the start of insufflation, and VO2 presented a significantly elevation (P<0.01) 10 min after the insufflation while VCO2 did not show this marked increase(P<0.05) till 20 min after the insufflation in comparison with the levels before insufflation. Subsequently, VO2 continued to rise and VCO2 also retained the increase but of smaller magnitude. CONCLUSION: Intravenous propofol anesthesia combined with epidural block assisted by well-managed excessive ventilation before insufflation can alleviate the adverse effects of CO2 insufflation on respiratory and circulatory systems.     

从文体学角度鉴赏《礼物》一文

大学英语第一册第三课《礼物》是一篇故事短文 ,文中语言简单 ,词汇量少。学生能够在没有教师的指导下掌握文章的主要内容 ,但这并不意味着读懂该篇文章。对文本作深层的理解 ,掌握作者的写作目的 ,是大学英语精读的学习目的和要求。如何帮助学生达到对文本的真正的理解 ,这是一个一直来值得我们研究的问题。针对该文的简洁语体 ,笔者试着从文体学角度进行分析 ,在实际教学过程中 ,取得了较好的效果。在一定程度上提高了学生语篇理解和鉴赏能力。笔者试从文体语言、文体结构和修辞手段三方面分析该文的文体结构。1　文体语言1 .1　故事叙述…     

保留肾单位手术治疗早期小肾癌21例临床分析

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of nephron-sparing surgery in patients with early-stage small renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: Nephron-sparing surgery was performed in 21 patients with renal cell carcinoma including 1 with solitary kidney, 3 with unilateral tumor and contralateral renal compromise, and 17 with unilateral tumor and normal contralateral kidney. The diameter of the tumors ranged from 1.5 to 6.0 cm, with a mean of 2.8 cm. The tumor diameter in 17 patients with normal contralateral kidney was less than 4 cm (mean 2.5 cm) and the average diameter in 4 patients with contralateral renal compromise was 4.2 cm. Sixteen cases were in stage T(1), 4 in stage T(2), and 1 in stage T(3). Of the 21 patients, 4 underwent tumor enucleation, 10 polar nephrectomy and 7 wedge resection. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for an average of 40.8 months (7 to 66 months). One patient suffered a right lung and mediastinum metastasis 3 years after the surgery later and 1 with chronic glomerulonephritis required dialysis 27 months after the operation. No surgical complication or local recurrence were found in other patients. CONCLUSION: As a safe and effective therapy for early-stage small renal cell carcinoma, nephron-sparing surgery can be considered as the gold-standard therapy for patients with lesions less than 4 cm in T(1) and T(2) stages of localized unilateral tumor with normal contralateral kidney.     

多层螺旋CT胸部低剂量扫描对气道三维重建的应用研究

目的:比较低剂量与常规剂量条件下中央气道三维重建图像的差别,探讨低剂量螺旋CT扫描进行中央气道三维重建的可行性。材料和方法:32例病例行低剂量(50mAs)平扫及常规剂量(195mAs)平扫(1例)及增强扫描(31例),将两组原始数据分别普通算法及高分辨算法重叠重建出4组横断面图像,并进行气道SSD及VR重建,由两名放射科医师分析4组图像的质量、支气管显示情况、支气管病变检出情况,将结果进行统计学分析。结果:①图像质量:两组剂量间SSD图像质量无明显差异,高分辨重建图像质量≥普通算法重建图像质量;VR图像质量两种剂量之间无明显差异,高分辨算法图像质量≥标准算法重建图像质量。②支气管显示:两名医生评价结果均表明对段以上支气管显示方面无论SSD图像还是VR图像,低剂量与常规剂量组以及两种算法图像之间均无明显差异。③病变检出:无论SSD还是VR图像4组图像对支气管病变的检出无差异。④剂量差别:低剂量扫描比常规剂量扫描辐射剂量大大降低(13.6～3.6mGy)。结论:与常规剂量扫描相比,低剂量薄层扫描气道三维重建图像质量、对中央气道显示及病变检出都无明显差异,而病人接受的辐射剂量却大大降低,因此低剂量薄层扫描气道三维重建可以代替常规剂量重建图像应用于临床气道病变显示。     

贫困家庭子女心理健康状况与对策研究

目的 了解贫困家庭子女心理健康状况。方法 利用中国人心理健康量表对2013名学生进行测量、统计和对比分析。结果 贫困家庭子女的总体平均分、各因子平均分以及中度症状的比例均高于非贫困家庭子女。结论 家庭经济状况是影响子女心理健康的一个重要因素，贫困家庭子女更需要心理卫生服务。     

Laparoscopic Local Resection Based on Sentinel Node Evaluation for Early Gastric Cancer: A Preliminary Report

We previously reported that lymphatic mapping using isosulfan blue can be used to identify sentinel nodes (SNs). This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of using the SN technique in treating early gastric cancer and to explore its usefulness for minimal invasive surgery. Twenty-three patients with early gastric cancer who underwent SN biopsy were retrospectively evaluated. Based on SN evaluation, individualized surgery was performed in five patients with T1N0M0 gastric cancer. When pathological examination of frozen sections revealed metastasis in SNs, we performed a standard D2 gastrectomy. Laparoscopic local resection was applied when the SN biopsy was negative. Our results showed that the success rate with SN biopsy in early gastric cancer was 100%, as were the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. All five patients with early gastric cancer had SNs negative for metastases both by frozen section and by postoperative pathology. Thus, all these patients underwent laparoscopic local resection without extended lymphadenectomy. We conclude that SN biopsy is a useful tool to individualize the operative procedure, and laparoscopic local resection can be safely performed using SN guidance in selected patients with early gastric cancer.     

自制32P敷贴器治疗瘢痕疙瘩

目的：观察自制32P敷贴器局部敷贴治疗不同类型瘢痕疙瘩的临床疗效。 方法：105例瘢痕疙瘩患者中，39例病变厚度≤ 0.3 cm的行单纯敷贴治疗，病变厚度> 0.3 cm的66例随机分为2组，单纯敷贴组36例，手术+敷贴组30例。单纯敷贴根据病变表面积大小及形状剪取敷贴片，根据剂量率和衰变校正计算每天敷贴时间，直接贴于病变表面，每天4.0~5.0 Gy/(部位•次)，连续4 d为一疗程，每疗程间隔4周，总治疗4~6个疗程。幼儿单次剂量控制在每天4 Gy/(部位•次)以下。手术+敷贴组患者手术切除瘢痕疙瘩，待手术伤口无渗出后根据伤口形状剪取敷贴片对准伤口敷贴，剂量及疗程同单纯敷贴组。 结果：单纯敷贴治疗对病变厚度≤0.3 cm的39例瘢痕疙瘩治愈32例(82%)，总有效率98%；对病变厚度> 0.3 cm的瘢痕疙瘩单纯敷贴和手术+敷贴两组治疗总有效率分别为56%和93% ，两组差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01)，其中病程< 9个月的患者治疗有效率分别为25%和75%，病程较长患者治疗有效率分别为13%和77%。治疗过程中有26例在敷帖过程中出现局部皮肤烧灼和刺痛感，均以炉甘石洗剂局部外用处理后缓解；5例出现Ⅰ度放射性皮炎，2例出现Ⅱ度放射性皮炎，以百多邦软膏局部外用后缓解，无出现Ⅲ度以上放射性皮炎病例。治愈患者局部皮肤均有不同程度的色素沉着或皮肤颜色改变。 结论：32P敷贴治疗瘢痕疙瘩治疗安全有效，对病程较短或病变厚度小于0.3 cm的患者可单纯敷贴治疗，病程较长或病变厚度大于0.3 cm患者建议先手术后再敷贴治疗。