肝细胞癌MR动态增强表现与病理的相关性研究

目的 探讨肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)动态增强表现的病理基础。资料与方法 分析35例经手术病理证实的HCC动态增强MRI征象及病理表现，图像分析包括HCC动脉期，门脉期双期强化表现，动脉期强化强度，病理分析包括癌细胞分化程度，癌组织结构类型。结果 根据动脉期，门脉期信号强度及其演变分为Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ型动态强化类型，Ⅰ型为动脉期强化高于或等于肝实质，门脉期低于肝实质；Ⅱ型为动脉期，门脉期强化均高于或等于肝实质；Ⅲ型为动脉期，门脉期强化均低于肝实质，35例中Ⅰ型强化19例，Ⅱ型12例，Ⅲ型4例，Ⅰ型强化中分化差的HCC比率显著高于其他类型（精确检验，P=0.007)，Ⅱ型强化中分化好的HCC比率显著高于其他类型（精确检验，P=0.011)，实体型与硬化型主要表现Ⅰ型强化，梁索型及假腺管型Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型强化均较多见，动脉期不同强化程度HCC其癌细胞分化无显著性差异，但明显强化的HCC以分化差多见。结论 MR动态增强类型可反映HCC的分化程度，并在一定程度上可反映出HCC的血供，可为HCC外科手术和介入治疗提供无创的影像学依据，并有助于判断预后。     

颈中交感神经节阻滞治疗急性脑梗塞的临床疗效观察

目的　观察颈中交感神经节阻滞治疗脑梗塞的临床效果。方法　将 6 4例脑梗塞患者按就诊次序随机分为两组 :(1)颈中交感神经阻滞组 (下简称阻滞组 ) :34例。 (2 )对照组 :30例。两组在脑梗塞常规用药上相同 ,阻滞组采用气管旁颈 6横突法 ,隔日阻滞 1次 ,共 6次。 2周后进行疗效评定。结果　阻滞组总有效率 (88 2 3 % )明显高于对照组 (6 0 % )。结论　颈中交感神经节阻滞是一种创伤较小的侵入性交感神经阻断技术 ,对缺血性脑血管病疗效确切     

3DCRT治疗中不同部位恶性肿瘤外周血免疫细胞的动态变化

目的　探讨 3D立体定向适形放射治疗 (3D CRT)前后不同部位恶性肿瘤患者T ,B淋巴细胞和NK细胞的变化。方法　应用流式细胞技术对 4 3例恶性肿瘤患者在 3D CRT前和后 1,4周外周血CD3 ,CD4,CD8细胞 ,CD4/CD8比值 ,CD19细胞和NK细胞的变化。结果　 (1)不同部位恶性肿瘤患者 3D CRT前CD3 ,CD4细胞 ,CD4/CD8比值 ,CD19及NK细胞均显著低于健康组 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ;(2 )照射后食管癌和直肠癌CD3 ,CD4细胞及CD4/CD8比值下降不明显 ,第4周时已回升 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;脑胶质瘤照射前后变化不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。 (3)各类肿瘤照射期间CD19细胞、NK细胞无明显下降 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　恶性肿瘤患者因 3D CRT治疗部位不同 ,其免疫功能细胞的改变有差异 ,临床可据此调整照射剂量、剂量分割及药物对抗。此外 ,CD19细胞和NK细胞对放疗的不敏感性是 3D CRT治疗的特点     

循环胸内灌洗并低负压吸引治疗食管癌吻合口瘘

目的　探讨采用胸内置管并低负压吸引的方法治疗食管癌手术后吻合口漏。方法　将采取不同手术术式行食管癌根治术后发生吻合口瘘的 37例病人 ,根据吻合口瘘的位置及大小采用胸腔置双管的方法进行循环胸腔灌洗 ,低负压引流 ,记录冲洗后体温下降的时间、胸内冲洗物细菌培养转阴率。结果　与同期行常规引流病人 2 2例 ,经胸腔冲洗后患者体温下降、胸腔冲洗物细菌转阴率的比较 ,本组在置管后 4 8h体温明显下降 ,平均细菌转阴率是常规组的两倍。结论　胸腔灌洗法治疗由食管癌引起的脓胸较常规治疗方法在缓解病人症状、改善吻合口瘘的内环境、促使局部细菌转阴、缩短病人住院时间等方面有显著优越性     

严重创伤早期大鼠下丘脑HSP70与iNOS表达与分布的时效关系

目的研究严重创伤早期大鼠下丘脑热休克蛋白(HSP)70与诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)转录表达变化分布和意义.方法采用BIM-Ⅲ型生物撞击机致大鼠胸部严重撞击伤,并造成单侧股骨骨折,运用S-ABC免疫组化、原位杂交技术测定下丘脑HSP70与iNOS及其mRNA的转录表达水平.结果正常对照组HSP70低水平表达,在伤后1小时即开始明显增高(P＜0.05),6小时达到峰值为正常的18倍,12小时后开始下降,24小时时主要集中在室旁核内;iNOS无基础表达,在伤后1小时开始出现,随HSP70同步增高,8小时达到高峰,较1小时时增加13倍.两者相关系数r=0.97601.结论严重创伤后早期下丘脑内HSP70和iNOS过度表达, 在严重创伤应激时下丘脑的损伤与抗损伤机制中起重要作用.     

飞行人员咽鼓管机能障碍对内耳功能的影响

目的　探讨飞行人员咽鼓管机能障碍对内耳听功能和前庭功能的影响。　方法　总结飞行人员咽鼓管机能障碍和内耳功能异常的临床资料 2 6份。　结果　 2 6例中感音神经性耳聋者 18人 ,梅尼埃病者 3人 ,神经性耳鸣者 3人 ,突发性耳聋和前庭功能障碍者各 1人。　结论　咽鼓管机能障碍不仅可引起航空性中耳炎 ,而且可引起或加重内耳功能的损害。     

放射线联合p53基因及内皮抑素治疗小鼠前列腺癌皮下移植瘤

Objective To test the hypothesis that p53 gene therapy combined with endostatin can enhance tumor response to radiation therapy of RM-1 mouse xenograft prostate cancer and to investigate its mechanism. Methods A mouse prostate cancer model was established. Then mice with xenograft tumor were randomly divided into group A (control), B (radiation), C (radiation and rAdp53), D (radiation and rh-endostatin) and E (radiation and rAdp53 and rh-endostatin). On day 1, rAdp53 was injected intra-tumorously with 1 × 1010 vp per animal to group C and E. From day 1 to 14, rh-endostatin was given 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily to group D and E. On day 4 single fraction of 15 Gy was given to tumors in groups B, C, D and E. Normal saline was injected intra-tumorously or intraperitoneaUy accordingly as control. No treatment was done to group A. Tumor volume was measured daily. Samples were collected on Days 5, 10 and 15. Ki67, CD31, p53 and VEGF were detected by means of immunohistochemistry. Results (1) Radiation alone, radiation combined with intra-tumorous injection of Adp53 and/or intraperitoneal injection of rh-endostatin resulted in tumor growth arrest of RM-1 cells in vivo (P = 0.000). Radiation combined with both rAdp53 and rh-endostatin was the most effective treatment (P < 0.05). (2) All the four treatment groups had a decreased expression of mutant type P53 (P = 0.000). The expression of Ki67 in groups B and C were equal (P 0.05) and increasing (P = 0.000), respectively. Group D had a up-down-up curve (P < 0.05), but group E had a up-down one. On day 5 the expresion of VEGF in group E was the lowest (P < 0.05). An increased expression of MVD compared with the control was shown, and MVD in groups C, D and E were always higher than that in the control (P < 0.05). Conclusions The limitation of radiotherapy could be overcome by combination with beth p53 gene therapy and endostatin on the growth of mouse prostate cancer cell. Radiation, rAdp53 and endostatin have their own role but they can be interacted with each other.     

电离辐射致股骨头坏死早期病理特点和机制的研究

Objective To observe the earlier pathological character and mechanism of radiation osteonecrosis in femoral head, in order to provide evidences for the earlier diagnosis and prevention of radiation osteonecrosis of femoral head. Methods Single femoral head of rats were irradiated singly with 30 Gy of 137 Cs γ-ray. The rats were executed after 2, 6 and 12 weeks, then the femurs were stained with HE and histopatholngical changes were observed by light microscope. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured after 2 weeks and its proliferation and the colony formation were observed. The rats were endo-perfused with microfili contrast medium 12 weeks later, and the 3-dimensional structure of capillaries by Micro-CT was re-estabhshed to detect the pathological changes of capillaries after irradiation. Result The irradiated femur showed deranged cbondrocyte, decreased osteocyte, shrinking nucleus, increased empty bone lacuna and reduced bone trabocnla (P < 0.05). Micro-CT showed the discontinued small vessels and absence(6.65 %) capillaries in irradiated femur were obviously less than those of the unirradiated (12.3 %)(P < 0.001). The proliferation of BMSCs was slowed, the number of colony in irradiated group (10 %) was less than that of control (21 %) (P < 0.001). Conclusions The preliminary histopathological changes of osteoradionecrosis on femoral head could be increased the empty bone lacuna, and the bone lacuna above 30 % was the sign of the earlier period of osteoradionecrosis. The osteonecrosis of femoral head induced by radiation is not only correlated to the damages to the bone, but also to the damages to BMSCs and capillaries.     

调整螺距对64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像图像质量的影响

Objective To investigate the impact of imaging quality of pitch on coronary CT angiography (CTA) with 64-detector row CT. Methods 566 patients were divided into four groups according to heart rate (≤ 50,51-70,71 ～ 80 and ≥ 80 bpm). Three dimensional reconstructions were used such as volume rendering (VR) ,maximum intensity projection(MIP) and curved planar reformation(CPR). Each group was divided into control group and cxperimential group randomly, using normal pitch and revised pitch respectively, and the imaging quality and influencing factons were analyzed among the four groups. Results There was significant difference in imaging quality among the four groups (P < 0.05). Each group had difference in imaging quality with normal pitch and revised pitch. Conclusions The revised pitch helps to improve the imaging quality and meet the demand of diagnosis.     

舰艇舱室中7种非金属材料燃烧时烟雾中主要无机有害气体定量分析

目的 观察舰艇舱室中7种非金属材料燃烧或高温热解时,产生的烟雾中主要有害成分浓度变化,为救治中毒人员和采取防护措施提供依据.方法 将7种常用非金属材料在燃烧试验箱中燃烧,用检测仪器进行定量分析.结果 烟雾中氧气浓度低于安全浓度、一氧化碳和氰化氢浓度超过安全浓度.结论 烟雾气体缺氧以及一氧化碳和氰化氢浓度超标是导致人员中毒的主要因素.