电离辐射致股骨头坏死早期病理特点和机制的研究

Objective To observe the earlier pathological character and mechanism of radiation osteonecrosis in femoral head, in order to provide evidences for the earlier diagnosis and prevention of radiation osteonecrosis of femoral head. Methods Single femoral head of rats were irradiated singly with 30 Gy of 137 Cs γ-ray. The rats were executed after 2, 6 and 12 weeks, then the femurs were stained with HE and histopatholngical changes were observed by light microscope. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured after 2 weeks and its proliferation and the colony formation were observed. The rats were endo-perfused with microfili contrast medium 12 weeks later, and the 3-dimensional structure of capillaries by Micro-CT was re-estabhshed to detect the pathological changes of capillaries after irradiation. Result The irradiated femur showed deranged cbondrocyte, decreased osteocyte, shrinking nucleus, increased empty bone lacuna and reduced bone trabocnla (P < 0.05). Micro-CT showed the discontinued small vessels and absence(6.65 %) capillaries in irradiated femur were obviously less than those of the unirradiated (12.3 %)(P < 0.001). The proliferation of BMSCs was slowed, the number of colony in irradiated group (10 %) was less than that of control (21 %) (P < 0.001). Conclusions The preliminary histopathological changes of osteoradionecrosis on femoral head could be increased the empty bone lacuna, and the bone lacuna above 30 % was the sign of the earlier period of osteoradionecrosis. The osteonecrosis of femoral head induced by radiation is not only correlated to the damages to the bone, but also to the damages to BMSCs and capillaries.     

舰艇舱室中7种非金属材料燃烧时烟雾中主要无机有害气体定量分析

目的 观察舰艇舱室中7种非金属材料燃烧或高温热解时,产生的烟雾中主要有害成分浓度变化,为救治中毒人员和采取防护措施提供依据.方法 将7种常用非金属材料在燃烧试验箱中燃烧,用检测仪器进行定量分析.结果 烟雾中氧气浓度低于安全浓度、一氧化碳和氰化氢浓度超过安全浓度.结论 烟雾气体缺氧以及一氧化碳和氰化氢浓度超标是导致人员中毒的主要因素.     

Determination of the prognostic value of [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by using positron emission tomography in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

The aim of this study was to determine whether quantitative information obtained from [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)F-FDG PET) has a prognostic significance for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated (18)F-FDG PET imaging of 73 patients with NSCLC. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV(max)) was significantly different between the histopathological types of tumour (squamous cell carcinoma (n=37, 12.4+/-5.1), adenocarcinoma (n=30, 8.2+/-5.8), bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (n=4, 2.6+/-1.7), <0.01). In the univariate analysis of all patients, staging (P=0.0001), tumour cell type (P=0.013), and a SUV(max) greater than 7 (P=0.0011) was correlated with survival. However, a multivariate analysis identified staging and SUV(max) greater than 7 were affected survival adversely. The mortality rate of patients with group I disease (stage I to stage IIIA) was 5.8 times lower than that of patients with group II disease (stage IIIB to stage IV). Patients with a high SUV(max) (> or =7) had a 6.3 times higher mortality than those with a low SUV(max)(<7). By multivariate analysis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma, only grouping affected survival (P=0.008, relative risk=4.3). In the case of adenocarcinoma, the SUV(max) (>10) correlated exclusively with poorer survival (P=0.031, relative risk=11.152). (18)F-FDG uptake correlated with survival in NSCLC. Especially in adenocarcinomas, the SUV(max) was complementary to other known prognostic factors.     

Contrast-enhanced power Doppler US: is it useful in the differentiation of gallbladder disease?

Thirteen patients with gallbladder disease underwent power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) before and after microbubble contrast agent injection. Lesion and liver bed vascularity was evaluated. Pathological diagnoses in nine patients were two acute cholecystitis, four chronic inflammation, one adenoma and two adenocarcinoma. Two cases of cancer were included on clinical and radiological findings. Two cases were excluded because no pathologic diagnosis was available. Liver bed hyperemia was noted only in acute cholecystitis. Contrast-enhanced PDUS was superior to nonenhanced PDUS in the demonstration of vascularity of gallbladder diseases. However, contrast-enhanced PDUS has limited value in the differentiation.     

心肺时相撞击自动控制系统

目的 研制动物心肺时相撞击自动控制系统，以进行动物心或肺不同活动时相的撞击伤研究。方法 控制系统由信号采集装置、触发器、电磁铁和微计算机组成，与摆锤式撞击台配套使用。由计算机键盘输入摆锤下落时间、K值及撞击指令，撞击程序运行。以呼吸波峰或心电R波峰作为撞击触发的参照点，计算出触发延时量，确定触发点，实施触发，完成预定的心或肺活动时相撞击。结果 能准确地进行动物心肺不同活动时相的撞击。结论 本控制系统可用于各种动物撞击装置的心肺时相撞击控制。     

头低位卧床对眼内压、近视力、视野的影响及其中药防护

目的观察头低位卧床模拟失重对人体眼压、视野、近视力的影响 ,及中药对抗模拟失重的效果。方法 1 0名被试者随机分成对照组和中药组 ,用头低位 - 6° 2 1d卧床模拟失重 ,分别于卧床前、中、后测量两组被试者眼内压、近视力及视野。结果眼内压及近视力在卧床期间呈波动下降趋势 ,两者间存在一定相关性 ;中心视野变化无显著性 ;服中药可在一定程度上防止近视力下降。结论 1 )头低位卧床可引起眼压、近视力下降 ;2 )服中药可在一定程度上对抗模拟失重对近视力的不良影响     

泽泻提取物对链脲佐菌素高血糖小鼠的治疗和保护作用

目的　观察泽泻水提醇沉提取物 (RAE)对链脲佐菌素 (STZ)糖尿病小鼠的治疗和保护作用。方法　①给小鼠腹腔注射STZ 15 0mg·kg-1造成糖尿病动物模型。igRAE 1.5、3.0g·kg-1,分别于给药前和给药后 1、2和 5h测定血糖 ;连续治疗 15d后测血糖和血脂。②连续igRAE 1.5、3.0g·kg-13d ,再ipSTZ 10 5mg·kg-1,并继续治疗 3d ,用放免法测血清胰岛素 ,取胰腺在光镜下观察胰岛组织学变化。结果　RAE治疗给药可明显降低STZ糖尿病小鼠的血糖和甘油三酯。防治给药可明显对抗STZ诱发的血糖升高及胰岛组织学改变 ,并能升高血清胰岛素水平。结论　RAE对STZ糖尿病小鼠有明显的治疗和保护作用。     

70%肝切除对大鼠胎肝细胞脾内移植后增殖能力的影响

研究70％肝切除对大鼠胎肝细胞脾内移植后增殖影响。分离孕3周SD大鼠胚胎肝细胞，将其移植入70％肝切除大鼠脾内，分别于移植后7天和30天应用流式细胞仪分析肝切除大鼠残肝细胞的细胞周期，用图像分析法检测脾内移植肝细胞面积密度。与对照组比较，胎肝细胞移植后7天，肝切除鼠残细胞S期细胞比例明显增加（P＜0．05），Gz/M期细胞比例明显减少（P＜0．01）。而其牌内移植 胎肝细胞面积密度则显著升高（P＜0．05）；30天后，残 细胞再生状态与移植胎肝细胞的面积密度与对照组比较均无显著性差异。研究表明，70％肝切除的肝再生有利于大鼠肝细胞脾内移植后的增殖。     

Idiopathic Synovial Osteochondromatosis of the Hip: Radiographic and MR Appearances in 15 Patients

Objective

To evaluate the radiographic and MR appearance of idiopathic synovial osteochondromatosis of the hip.

Materials and Methods

Radiographs and MR images of 15 patients with idiopathic synovial osteochondromatosis of the hip were assessed. The former were analysed in terms of the presence of 1) juxta-articular calcified and/ or ossified bodies, 2) osteophytes, 3) bone erosion, 4) juxta-articular osteopenia, and 5) joint space narrowing, while for the latter, analysis focused on 1) the configuration of intra-articular bodies, 2) bone erosion, 3) synovial thickening, 4) conglomeration of intra-articular bodies, and 5) extra-articular extension.

Results

At hip radiography, juxta-articular calcified and/ or ossified bodies were seen in 12 of the 15 patients (80%), bone erosion in eight (53%), osteophytes in seven (47%), juxta-articular osteopenia in five (33%) and joint space narrowing in five (33%). In eight patients (53%), MR imaging depicted intra-articular bodies of focal low signal intensity at all pulse sequences, and areas of iso-intensity at T1WI and hyperintensity at T2WI. In three (20%), intra-articular bodies of focal low signal intensity and areas of hyperintensity at all pulse sequences were observed, with areas of iso-intensity at T1WI and hyperintensity at T2WI, while in four (27%), intra-articular bodies of only focal low signal intensity at all pulse sequences were apparent. Synovial thickening was present in 13 patients (87%), bone erosion in 11 (73%), conglomeration of the intra-articular bodies in 11 (73%), and an extra-articular herniation sac in six (40%).

Conclusion

The most common radiographic finding of synovial osteochondromatosis of the hip was the presence of juxta-articular calcified and/ or ossified bodies. MR imaging depicted intra-articular bodies of focal low signal intensity at all pulse sequences, with areas of iso-intensity at T1WI and hyperintensity at T2WI. In addition, the presence of an extra-articular herniation sac was not uncommon.     

急性胰腺炎病变及其扩散途径的CT表现

胰腺是位于膜腹后间隙中肾旁前间隙内的器官，急性胰腺炎随着病理过程的发展到腹膜后间隙胰腺邻近或远离胰腺的部位，也可扩散到腹膜腔内，并产生一定的并发症，因此，急性胰腺炎的CT表现是比较复杂和多式多样，为提高急性胰腺炎CT诊断的准确性，我们应该结合解剖基础，熟悉急性胰腺炎病变局部及扩散途径的CT征象，它是诊断急性胰腺炎的重要基础和依据。