Hepatitis D: advances and challenges

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis with rapid progression to cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although discovered > 40 years ago, little attention has been paid to this pathogen from both scientific and public communities. However, effectively combating hepatitis D requires advanced scientific knowledge and joint efforts from multi-stakeholders. In this review, we emphasized the recent advances in HDV virology, epid...     

多西他赛联合卡培他滨方案在新辅助化疗三阴乳腺癌与非三阴乳腺癌中的近期疗效观察

目的探讨三阴乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC)与非三阴乳腺癌患者应用多西他赛联合卡培他滨(DX)方案行新辅助化疗的临床疗效及不良反应。方法选择2008年7月—2013年8月收治的102例乳腺癌患者,其中TNBC 27例,非TNBC75例,均应用DX方案新辅助化疗。观察临床疗效和毒副反应发生情况。结果TNBC患者总有效率与非TNBC患者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TNBC患者病理完全缓解率、临床完全缓解率高于非TNBC患者(P<0.01,P<0.05)。毒副反应主要表现为胃肠道反应、骨髓抑制及手足综合征等,TNBC与非TNBC患者毒副反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 TNBC患者较非TNBC患者对DX方案新辅助化疗更敏感,且未增加毒副反应发生率。     

清气凉营注射液对风温肺热病患者血清促炎、抗炎因子的调节作用

目的观察清气凉营注射液对风温肺热病（热在肺卫证）患者体内血清促炎及抗炎因子的调节作用及机制。方法将风温肺热病（热在肺卫证）60例患者随机分为两组,治疗组给予清气凉营注射液静滴,对照组予以双黄连注射液静滴,疗程均为3d;比较两组疗效及血清促炎、抗炎因子的变化情况。结果治疗组疗效优于对照组,其血清促炎因子（TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8）下降幅度及抗炎因子（IL-4、IL-10）上升幅度均大于对照组。结论清气凉营注射液作用机制可能与其调节细胞因子、平衡促炎／抗炎因子有关。     

Silencing of Nesprin‐2 inhibits the differentiation of myofibroblasts from fibroblasts induced by mechanical stretch

Mechanical force plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic scar (HTS). Dermal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are the key cells involved in HTS. Myofibroblasts in HTS possess different biochemical and biophysical characteristics by which myofibroblasts are often distinguished from fibroblasts. The role of mechanotransducers outside the nucleus in the pathogenesis of HTS has been reported in many studies. However, the role of Nesprin‐2 in HTS is not clear. Hence, we aim to construct a cell model of HTS and explore the role of Nesprin‐2 in this process. Myofibroblasts and fibroblasts were isolated from HTS and healthy skin tissues of the same patient. Fibroblasts were exposed to cyclic stretch with 10% magnitude and a frequency of 0.1 Hz for 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days, respectively. After the cell model was confirmed, fibroblasts transfected with siRNA targeting human Nesprin‐2 were exposed to cyclic stretch. The mechanical behaviour and biochemical reaction of the dermal fibroblasts were analysed. The stretched fibroblasts at day 5 showed the same mechanotransductive and biochemical features as unstretched myofibroblasts. Mechanical strain could induce the myofibroblasts differentiation and a cell model of HTS was established successfully at day 5. The expressions of lamin A/C, alpha‐smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor beta 1, and collagen type I in fibroblasts were reduced by the silencing of Nesprin‐2. Mechanical strain could induce the myofibroblasts differentiation and silencing of Nesprin‐2 could block the mechanical stimulation of terminal myofibroblasts differentiation. Nesprin‐2 might be a potential target to treat the HTS.     

二甲双胍对肝细胞癌的诊断、预防及治疗作用

肝细胞癌是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,虽然对肝细胞癌的治疗有手术切除、介入治疗、放射治疗、化学治疗、靶向治疗以及肝移植等多种方案,但总体效果并不理想。这严重影响患者的生活质量,也加重了社会和经济负担。二甲双胍原为2型糖尿病的一线用药,但人们发现其在恶性肿瘤防治中也具有一定的作用。二甲双胍在肝细胞癌防治中具有潜在作用,如调控肝细胞癌微环境、增殖信号通路、代谢、侵袭和转移、凋亡、自噬和表观遗传学等,为肝细胞癌的防治提供了新选择。     

利用外感病因物元模型系统分析外感病因因素的相关性

目的：将外感病因的研究与可拓学结合起来,利用外感病因物元模型系统分析外感病因因素的相关性。方法：初步设定中医外感病因模型,并进行大量临床病例调查,对搜集到的外感病信息进行统计分析和数据挖掘,得出每个影响因素的相关度。结果：共搜集有效问卷402份,其中患感冒的有156份,占全部有效问卷的38.8%。通过统计学频数分析,得出外感病相应的产生式规则和关联函数为：F感冒=（f风,雨,湿度,…,吸烟,饮酒）。结论：此项研究有利于对外感病因进行量化和层次化研究,对于外感病的预警及防治具有积极的意义。     

IL‐27 improves adoptive CD8+ T cells’ antitumor activity via enhancing cell survival and memory T cell differentiation

IL‐27 is an anti‐inflammatory cytokine that triggers enhanced antitumor immunity, particularly cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. In the present study, we sought to develop IL‐27 into a therapeutic adjutant for adoptive T cell therapy using our well‐established models. We have found that IL‐27 directly improved the survival status and cytotoxicity of adoptive OT‐1 CD8⁺ T cells in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, IL‐27 treatment programs memory T cell differentiation in CD8⁺ T cells, characterized by upregulation of genes associated with T cell memory differentiation (T‐bet, Eomes, Blimp1, and Ly6C). Additionally, we engineered the adoptive OT‐1 CD8⁺ T cells to deliver IL‐27. In mice, the established tumors treated with OT‐1 CD8⁺ T‐IL‐27 were completely rejected, which demonstrated that IL‐27 delivered via tumor antigen–specific T cells enhances adoptive T cells’ cancer immunity. To our knowledge, this is the first application of CD8⁺ T cells as a vehicle to deliver IL‐27 to treat tumors. Thus, this study demonstrates IL‐27 is a feasible approach for enhancing CD8⁺ T cells’ antitumor immunity and can be used as a therapeutic adjutant for T cell adoptive transfer to treat cancer.     

The effectiveness of Salvianolate injection for in-stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:In-stent restenosis (ISR) caused by vascular remodeling after percutaneous coronary intervention limits the long-term efficacy of this method. Salvianolate injection is now widely used in the clinical treatment of ISR. However, there is no systematic review or meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of Salvianolate injection on ISR.Methods:We will search articles in 8 electronic databases, including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang Database, and the Chinese Scientific Journal Database for randomized controlled trials of ISR treated by Salvianolate injection from their inception to February 27, 2022. The primary outcome measure will be the restenosis rate. The data meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed by RevMan V.5.4 software. Two authors evaluated the study using the Cochrane collaborative risk bias tool. We will use a scoring method to assess the overall evidence supporting the main results.Results:This study will analyze the clinical effectiveness of Salvianolate injection in the treatment of ISR.Conclusion:The findings of this systematic review will provide evidence to evaluate the effectiveness of Salvianolate injection for the treatment of ISR.INPLASY registration number:INPLASY202220117.     

基于影像学特征对骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折病人经皮椎体成形术后同椎体再发骨折的预测研究

目的 探讨基于影像学特征对骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折（OVCF）病人经皮椎体成形术（PVP）后的列线图模型预测术椎椎体再发骨折的价值。方法 回顾性纳入急性OVCF并行PVP后的病人93例。所有病人均行X线及MRI检查,根据椎体再发骨折诊断标准将病人分为再发骨折组（48例）和无再发骨折组（45例）。采用t检验和卡方检验比较2组间临床资料及影像特征的差异,对差异有统计学意义的指标进行多因素Logistic回归分析,获取再发骨折的独立危险因素,采用R软件建立列线图模型并绘制其校准曲线。采用受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线评估模型的预测效能,计算ROC曲线下面积（AUC）。应用校准曲线对列线图模型进行验证。结果 再发骨折组的椎体高度恢复率、延伸至终板的骨折线、椎体内裂隙（IVC）、骨水泥周围积液及骨水泥-终板未接触（NPEC）与无再发骨折组的差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示延伸至终板的骨折线[优势比（OR）=3.232]、存在IVC(OR=27.117)和NPEC(OR=1.993)及较高的椎体高度恢复率（OR=2.943）为同椎体再发骨折的独立危险因素（...     

Preparation and photodynamic antibacterial/anticancer effects of ultralong-lifetime room-temperature phosphorescent N-doped carbon dots

Room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) N-doped carbon-dots (CNDs) featuring eco-friendliness, low cost and high biocompatibility, are ideal photodynamic antibacterial and anticancer nanomaterials. However, the existing CNDs are limited by low singlet oxygen (¹O₂) quantum yield, which has become a bottleneck in the development of CNDs. One basic reason is the short T₁-state exciton lifetime of CNDs. Herein, triethylenetetramine hexaacetic acid was used to synthesize CNDs via a one-step hydrothermal method. CNDs are characterized with low toxicity, high biocompatibility and ultralong-lifetime RTP (URTP). In addition to the URTP (average lifetime 414 ms) under solid conditions, CNDs even had URTP (average lifetime 320 ms) in a water environment. The ultralong T₁ exciton lifetime largely extends the collision time between T₁ state excitons and O₂ and prolongs the energy transfer time, not only improving the quantum yield (0.63) of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) in solution, but also facilitating the photodynamic antibacterial and anticancer effects.

The URTP CNDs largely extends the collision time between T₁ state exciton and O₂, which improve quantum yield of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) in solutions, facilitating the photodynamic antibacterial and anticancer effects.