人α2（I）型胶原基因启动子活性研究

目的 探索器官纤维化形成中调控I型胶原基因高水平转录的启动片段及TGF-β、PDGF－BB、IGF－1等细胞因子对其活性的影响。方法 从人α2（I）胶原基因转录起始点上游－2.4kb至＋58bp的片段中，取长度不等的片段作为启动子与含氯霉素乙酰基转移酶（CAT）报告基因的质粒组成5个重组体，转染上述重组体至正常人原代培养皮肤成纤维细胞，测定细胞CAT表达水平以比较各重组体的启动子活性，同时加入细胞因子，以测定其对I型胶原启动序列的影响。结果 除－129～＋58bp序列外，其余4个重组体CAT表达水平均较高，其中－2292～＋58bp、－1476～ 58bp序列具较强启动CAT表达活性，－339～ 58bp、－616～ 58bp片段次之。TGF－β、IGF－1均能在一定程度上调人α2（I）胶原基因启动活性。结论 人α2（I）胶原基因片段－2292～ 58bp、－1476～ 58bp、－339～ 58bp有高启动活性，是进一步研究纤维化相关DNA结合蛋白的重要调控靶序列。TGF－β、IGF－1促进胶原表达，与其上调胶原基因启动活性有关。     

Longitudinal alteration of circulating dendritic cell subsets and its correlation with steroid treatment in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome

In this study, we found that 74 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) exhibited a rapid, dramatic decrease in numbers of circulating myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (mDCs and pDCs) during the first 2 weeks of illness (5.3- and 28.4-fold reductions for mDCs and pDCs compared with 25 healthy individuals, respectively), with slow return to normal cell numbers during convalescence (weeks 5–7 of illness on average). In addition, numbers of circulating CD4 and CD8 T cells exhibited milder reductions (2.1- and 1.8-fold at week 1) and earlier return to normal at a mean of weeks 3 and 4, respectively. A significant inverse correlation was found between numbers of DC and T-cell subsets and high-dose steroid treatment. Our novel findings thus suggest that the acute SARS-coronavirus infection probably contributes to the initial reduction of DC and T-cell subsets in blood, and that high-dose steroid administration may subsequently exacerbate and prolong low expression of the cell subsets. These findings will aid the framing of further studies of the immunopathogenesis of SARS.     

Congenital clubfoot in Europe: A population‐based study

We aimed to assess prevalence, birth outcome, associated anomalies and prenatal diagnosis of congenital clubfoot in Europe using data from the EUROCAT network, and to validate the recording of congenital clubfoot as a major congenital anomaly by EUROCAT registries. Cases of congenital clubfoot were included from 18 EUROCAT registries covering more than 4.8 million births in 1995–2011. Cases without chromosomal anomalies born during 2005–2009, were randomly selected for validation using a questionnaire on diagnostic details and treatment. There was 5,458 congenital clubfoot cases of which 5,056 (93%) were liveborn infants. Total prevalence of congenital clubfoot was 1.13 per 1,000 births (95% CI 1.10–1.16). Prevalence of congenital clubfoot without chromosomal anomaly was 1.08 per 1,000 births (95% CI 1.05–1.11) and prevalence of isolated congenital clubfoot was 0.92 per 1,000 births (95% CI 0.90–0.95), both with decreasing trends over time and large variations in prevalence by registry. The majority of cases were isolated congenital clubfoot (82%) and 11% had associated major congenital anomalies. Prenatal detection rate of isolated congenital clubfoot was 22% and increased over time. Among 301 validated congenital clubfoot cases, diagnosis was confirmed for 286 (95%). In conclusion, this large population‐based study found a decreasing trend of congenital clubfoot in Europe after 1999–2002, an increasing prenatal detection rate, and a high standard of coding of congenital clubfoot in EUROCAT.     

白细胞介素及肿瘤坏死因子基因超家族在先兆子痫胎盘中的表达

为探讨白细胞介素和肿瘤坏死因子 (受体 )超家族基因表达与先兆子痫病理发生的关系 ,以包含 2 4 3种人类细胞因子相关基因cDNA片段的基因芯片 ,检测严格配对的先兆子痫和正常胎盘组织中基因表达谱的差异。结果显示受检的白细胞介素和 (或 )白细胞介素受体基因共 2 2种 ,绝大多数基因在先兆子痫胎盘中的表达增强 ,而IL 2受体 (IL 2Rα )基因 (Gen Bank :X0 10 5 7)在先兆子痫胎盘中的表达低于正常胎盘。肿瘤坏死因子 (GenBank :X0 2 910 )及其配体 (GenBank :U0 3398、U375 18、AF0 5 3712、AF0 5 5 872 )、受体 (GenBank :X6 0 5 92、X6 3717、M835 5 4、AF0 16 2 6 6、AF0 16 2 6 7、U812 32 )等 10余种肿瘤坏死因子 (受体 )超家族基因在先兆子痫胎盘中的表达也较高。说明 ,白细胞介素及肿瘤坏死因子 (受体 )基因超家族的高表达可能与先兆子痫的病理发生关系密切     

Site-specific mutagenicity of stereochemically defined 1,N2-deoxyguanosine adducts of trans-4-hydroxynonenal in mammalian cells

Trans-4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) is a toxic compound produced endogenously during lipid peroxidation. HNE is a potent electrophile that is reactive with both proteins and nucleic acids. HNE preferentially reacts with deoxyguanosine to form four stereoisomeric HNE-deoxyguanosine (HNE-dG) adducts: (6R, 8S, 11R), (6S, 8R, 11S), (6R, 8S, 11S), and (6S, 8R, 11R). These adducts were synthesized into 12-mer oligodeoxynucleotides, inserted into a DNA shuttle vector and evaluated for the ability of each stereoisomer to induce mutagenesis when replicated through mammalian cells. The resultant mutagenicity of these adducts was related to their stereochemistry, in that two of the HNE-dG adducts, (6R, 8S, 11R) and (6S, 8R, 11S), were significantly more mutagenic than the (6R, 8S, 11S) and (6S, 8R, 11R) HNE-dG adducts. These data conclusively demonstrate that HNE-derived DNA adducts can be mutagenic in mammalian cells and their ability to cause mutations is dictated by their stereochemistry.     

Anterior tibial artery and its actual projection on the lateral aspect of the tibia: a cadaveric study

The anterior tibial artery (ATA) is at risk of injury during high tibial osteotomy, Ilizarov wire placement, pin placement in external fixation, or proximal locking screw insertion, as the artery is not visualized intraoperatively. The ATA is anchored to the oval foramen of the interosseous membrane on the proximal tibia by the deep fascia and recurrent genicular vascular branches. Segment 1 (from the bifurcation of the popliteal artery to the level of the interosseous foramen) and the proximal part of segment 2 (from the interosseous foramen to the level where the artery crosses the anterior border of the tibia) may be damaged when pin, wire or screw placement is directed posterolaterally at that level. Distally, a straight mediolateral pin or Ilizarov wires may lacerate the artery. Segment 2 of the ATA descends against the interosseous membrane in its proximal part, which is projected on the posterior third of the tibia relative to the sagittal plane; in its middle part, it runs close to the lateral cortex of the tibia, it is projected on the middle third of the tibia; in its distal part it runs gradually towards the anterior third of the tibia and contacts with the anterior third of the tibial cortical surface. This information may help reduce risk of injury to the ATA during high tibial osteotomy, external fixation and pin placement or insertion of locking screws.     

Linkage Disequilibrium and Haplotype Architecture for two ABC Transporter Genes (ABCC1 and ABCG2) in Chinese Population: Implications for Pharmacogenomic Association Studies

Information about linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns and haplotype structures for candidate genes is instructive for the design and analysis of genetic association studies for complex diseases and drug response. ABCC1 and ABCG2 are genes coding for two multidrug resistance (MDR) associated transporters; they are also related to some pathophysiological traits. To pinpoint the LD profiles of these MDR genes in Chinese, we systemically screened 27 unrelated individuals for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding and regulatory regions of these genes, and thereby characterized their haplotype structures. Despite marked variations in haplotype diversity, LD pattern and intragenic recombination intensity between the two genes, both loci could be partitioned into several LD blocks, in which a modest number of haplotypes accounted for a high fraction of the sampled chromosomes. We concluded that each locus has its own genomic LD profile, but that they still share a common segmental LD architecture with low haplotype diversity. Our data will benefit genetic association studies of complex traits and drug response possibly related to these genes.     

小鼠胃癌MAGE3抗原H-2K~k限制性抗原肽的筛选

本研究对小鼠胃癌MAGE3抗原H 2Kk 限制性的抗原肽进行了筛选。用CTL表位预测的基序法对易与H 2Kk 结合的多肽序列进行了预测并人工合成了 4个多肽。在体外检测了各多肽刺激H 2Kk 型小鼠T细胞增殖和分泌IFN γ的能力 ,同时测定了各多肽诱导出的CTL对小鼠前胃癌细胞株MFC细胞的杀伤活性。结果显示 ,抗原肽MAGE31 3 0 1 3 7可有效地刺激特异性T细胞的增殖和分泌细胞因子IFN γ ,其诱导出的CTL细胞对MFC细胞也有较高的杀伤活性。这些实验结果证实抗原肽MAGE31 3 0 1 3 7可以作为多肽疫苗来对表达MAGE3抗原的H 2Kk 型小鼠胃癌进行免疫治疗。     

早期HIV-1感染env基因的动态变异研究

目的 追踪观察HIV-1新发感染者体内CRF07_BC重组毒株膜蛋白基因的变异性.方法 从HIV-1感染者血浆中提取总RNA,通过逆转录多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)获得HIV-1 gp120全长及C2-C5区段基因.纯化后装入T载体,转化至Top10大肠埃希菌内增殖,通过蓝白斑筛选获得阳性克隆,运用PCR方法进行鉴定,最后对所获得的目的克隆测序.结果从两个感染者血浆样品中获得感染后半年到2年半间多个时间点的gp120基因克隆共135个及gp120基因C2-C5区段克隆15个,分析显示这些克隆均为HIV-1 CRF07_BC亚型.随感染时间的延长,HIV-1 env基因的离散率与多样性均有增加的趋势.env基因同义突变与非同义突变比较结果显示,C1、C3与V4区段非同义突变比率比gp120基因的其他区域都高.基因多态性分析的结果显示,同一时间点内不同毒株基因在不同区段的变异是不同的,基因多样性介于0与0.066±0.028之间.结论 随着患者感染时间的推移,HIV-1膜蛋白基因的变异逐渐增大.C1、C3和V4区的高突变率提示,该基因区可能是HIV-1病毒生存与宿主免疫压力相互作用的主要位点.     

选择性破坏胰岛A细胞的大鼠空肠肌间神经丛胆碱能末梢VAChT的定量研究

目的　探讨胰岛A细胞与肠胆碱能神经的关系。方法　采用免疫组化SP方法检测硝酸钴选择性破坏胰岛A细胞的大鼠空肠肌间神经丛胆碱能末梢VAChT阳性反应物的变化 (注钴后 1,2 ,3,4,6 ,10d) ,并进行显微图象定量分析。结果　注钴后 2d开始 ,VAChT阳性反应物显著减少 (P <0 0 5 ) ;尤以 3,4d后最为显著 (P <0 0 1) ,10天后恢复。结论　胰岛A细胞可能参与肠胆碱能神经的功能调节