口腔颌面鳞癌术前诱导化疗二种方式临床疗效分析

目的 :探讨口腔颌面鳞癌术前诱导化疗二种方式应用的疗效、主要毒副反应差别 ,以及临床适应证。为术前诱导化疗的选择提供临床指导。方法 :本文回顾了 1 0 4例可评价近期疗效的口腔颌面鳞癌术前诱导化疗的病例。其中全身化疗 5 6例 ,颈外动脉插管化疗 48例。结果 :以肿瘤体积缩小 5 0 %以上作为化疗有效指标 ,全身化疗组有效率为 6 4.3%。颈外动脉插管化疗组有效率为79.2 % ,两组总有效率为 71 .2 % (P<0 .0 5 )。全身化疗组的主要毒副反应为胃肠反应、白细胞减少和脱发 ;颈外动脉插管化疗组主要为口腔粘膜溃疡、糜烂及灼痛感。结论 :作为术前诱导的全身化疗较适合于全身状况良好的患者 ,而颈外动脉插管灌注化疗较适合于全身状况稍差、无转移、肿瘤范围不广的患者。     

胆汁泡蛋白ELISA检测法的建立与初步临床应用

目的 建立胆汁泡蛋白快速检测法,筛选有效的胆石症防治手段。方法 获取３３．５ｋｄ胆汁泡蛋白,通过微量抗原免疫法获得高效价抗体,建立ＥＬＩＳＡ标准曲线;并应用ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定正常人、胆石症患者胆汁和血清中泡蛋白含量,同时观察不同溶石防药和利胆冲剂、胆酸钠等对泡蛋白的影响。结果 建立了ＥＬＩＳＡ标准曲线,其曲线方程为Ｙ＝０．０３５Ｘ（ｒ＝０．９９）;正常人胆汁和血清中３３．５ｋｄ泡蛋白含量都明显较胆固     

慢性特发性荨麻疹患者血清组胺释放活性的检测

目的 检测慢性特发性荨麻疹患者血中组胺释放活性。方法 自身血清皮肤试验和嗜好性粒细胞组胺释放试验。结果 自身血清皮肤试验和嗜碱性组胺释放试验的阳性率分别为３７．５％和４３．７５％。结论部分慢性特发性荨麻疹患者血中组胺释放活性增高,揭示该类病人具有特殊的肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞激活机制,很可能与自身免疫有关。     

Rhenium-188-Labeled DTPA: a new radiopharmaceutical for intravascular radiation therapy

Balloon angioplasty is a standard treatment for artherosclerotic coronary artery disease. However, its clinical value is reduced by a high restenosis rate. A new concept in preventing restenosis is the use of a liquid-filled balloon containing a beta-emitting radioisotope. In this study, we performed biodistribution studies of Re-188 perrhenate and Re-188 diethylenetriaminopentaacetate (DTPA) to assess the resulting organ dose values in the event of balloon rupture if these agents are used for the clinical inhibition of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). After injecting Re-188 preparations intravenously, rats were killed at 10 min, 30 min, 60 min, 2 h, and 6 h ( n =5 per group). Tissue concentrations were calculated and expressed as percent injected dose per gram or per milliliter (%ID/g or %ID/mL). In addition, urine excretion and thyroid gland uptake were evaluated in rats ( n=5 per group) with a gamma camera after administration of 37 MBq (1 mCi) of each agent. Our data showed that both agents were excreted primarily via urine. However, the excretion of Re-188 DTPA was much faster than that of Re-188 perrhenate via the urinary system. The biodistribution data revealed that radioactivity levels in the stomach and the thyroid gland were high in the perrhenate group but low in the Re-188 DTPA group. The concentration levels in other tissues including lung, liver, testis, muscle, and blood were low throughout this study for both agents. The thyroid radiation value in the Re-188 perrhenate group was 0.163 mGy/MBq, which was much higher than that of the Re-188 DTPA group (0.0167 mGy/MBq). The stomach radiation value was as high as 0.127 mGy/MBq for Re-188 perrhenate, compared with 0.013 mGy/MBq for Re-188 DTPA. In conclusion, in the event of balloon rupture, the release of Re-188 DTPA results in lower radiation doses than Re-188 perrhenate, especially to the thyroid gland and the stomach. Our data suggest that Re-188 DTPA is a useful radiopharmaceutical for endovascular irradiation.     

Salicylate enhances necrosis and apoptosis mediated by the mitochondrial permeability transition.

Onset of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) causes both necrotic and apoptotic cell death in cultured hepatocytes. Salicylate lowers the threshold for onset of the MPT. In this study, our aim was to determine whether nontoxic concentrations of salicylate potentiate MPT-mediated cell killing. In necrotic killing models to rat hepatocytes, salicylate (1 mM) enhanced calcium ionophore (Br-A23187)- and tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH)-induced cell death, which was blocked or delayed by cyclosporin A (CsA, 2 microM), a specific inhibitor of the MPT. In hepatocyte apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), salicylate accelerated cell killing after low-dose TNF-alpha (1 ng/ml), which by itself induced little apoptosis. Salicylate enhancement of apoptosis was associated with onset of the MPT and accelerated caspase 3 activation. Salicylate also augmented killing of MCF-7 human breast tumor cells by etoposide and PLC/PRF/5 human hepatoma cells by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In conclusion, salicylate potentiates both necrotic and apoptotic cell killing by promoting onset of the MPT. Enhancement by salicylate of MPT-dependent apoptosis may play a role in protection by aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs against colon, lung, and breast cancer.     

茯苓萜类的高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究

目的 建立茯苓三萜化合物的指纹图谱。方法 反相高效液相色谱法。结果 道地药材茯苓及不同地区收集的市场商品具有相当稳定的、相似程度很高的指纹图谱。结论 可利用液相色谱的特征峰控制茯苓及其制剂的质量。     

Dose-Volume Histograms for bladder and rectum

: A careful examination of the foundation upon which the concept of the Dose-Volume Histogram (DVH) is built, and the implications of this set of parameters on the clinical application and interpretation of the DVH concept has not been conducted since the introduction of DVHs as a tool for the quantitative evaluation of treatment plans. The purpose of the work presented herein is to illustrate problems with current methods of implementing and interpreting DVHs when applied to hollow anatomic structures such as the bladder and rectum.

: A typical treatment plan for external beam irradiation of a patient with prostate cancer was chosen to provide a data set from which DVH curves for both the bladder and rectum were calculated. The two organs share the property of being shells with contents that are of no clinical importance. DVHs for both organs were computed using a solid model and using a shell model. Typical treatment plans for prostate cancer were used to generate DVH curves for both models. The Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) for these organs is discussed in this context.

: For an eight-field conformal treatment plan of the prostate, a bladder DVH curve generated using the shell model is higher than the corresponding curve generated using the solid model. The shell model also has a higher NTCP. A six-field conformal treatment plan slo results in a higher DVH curve for the shell model. A treatment plan consisting of bilateral 120-degree arcs, results in a higher DVH curve for the shell model, as well as a higher NTCP.

: The DVH concept currently used in evaluation of treatment plans is problematic because current practices of defining exactly what constitutes “bladder” and “rectum.” Commonly used methods of tracing the bladder and rectum imply use of a solid structure model for DVHs. In reality, these organs are shells and the critical structure associated with NTCP is obviously and indisputably the shell, as opposed to its contents. Treatment planning algorithms for DVH computation should thus be modified to utilize the shell model for these organs.     

鼓膜置管治疗小儿分泌性中耳炎108例分析

目的了解鼓膜置管加鼓室注药对小儿分泌性中耳炎的治疗效果.方法回顾性调查小儿分泌性中耳炎108例鼓膜置管及鼓室注药后的疗效.结果鼓膜置管术有效率为92.1%(152/165).结论鼓膜置管加鼓室注药较适合小儿分泌性中耳炎的治疗.