T-2 toxin induces apoptosis, and selenium partly blocks, T-2 toxin induced apoptosis in chondrocytes through modulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.

T-2 toxin is one of the mycotoxins, a group of type A trichothecenes produced by several fungal genera including Fusarium species. In the present study, we have investigated the apoptotic effects of T-2 toxin on chondrocytes and the relationship between T-2 toxin induced chondrocyte apoptosis and its influence on Bcl-2/Bax protein and mRNA expression. We have also examined the inhibitory effects of selenium on chondrocyte apoptosis induced by T-2 toxin. We have combined morphological and biological techniques to establish the relevance of apoptosis in human chondrocyte death induced by T-2 toxin. Treatment with T-2 toxin caused accelerated apoptosis in a concentration dependent manner. The apoptosis induced by T-2 toxin involved an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Bcl-2 mRNA expression remained unchanged in chondrocyte apoptosis induced by T-2 toxin treatment, while Bax mRNA expression increased following treatment with T-2 toxin. Selenium could partly block the apoptosis of chondrocytes induced by T-2 toxin through decreasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. These results suggest that, under our experimental conditions, apoptosis of chondrocytes can be induced by T-2 toxin (1-20ng/mL) via the Bcl-2 and Bax proteins, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio may play a critical role in governing the susceptibility to apoptosis induced by T-2 toxin in human chondrocytes.     

重症胆管炎23例临床治疗分析

目的：探讨急性重症胆管炎患者的手术时机和死亡原因。方法：回顾性分析23例急性重症胆管炎患者的治疗及预后情况。结果：死亡2例（手术死亡及传统治疗死亡各1例）。早期大剂量短期应用糖皮质激素患者休克得到纠正率85％，明显高于未用糖皮质激素患者休克纠正率50％。结论：急性重症胆管炎患者应在出现休克和（或）精神症状之前手术，对已出现休克的患者，应先给予充分的保守治疗，待病情稳定后再手术。贻误手术时机，严重合并症如多器官功能衰竭及高龄是死亡的主要原因。     

Isolated complete orbital infarction: a common carotid artery occlusion syndrome

When blood flow through the internal and external carotid arteries is completely interrupted by ipsilateral common carotid artery occlusion, the arterial orbital circulation may be more compromised than the brain supply. We studied a pure and extreme example of this situation in a patient who presented with acute orbital infarction, but no cerebral ischemia on clinical, CT and single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) grounds. Ipsilateral blindness corresponded to retinal, choroidal and optic nerve infarction. The pattern of ophthalmoplegia, with relative sparing of adduction, was more compatible with a muscle than a nerve dysfunction, but a reactive dilated pupil, corneal anesthesia, and orbital pain suggested that the intraorbital branches of the ocular motor nerves and ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve were not spared. In addition, signs of widespread ocular ischemia were present. Sequential examinations documented the evolution pattern over 1 year. The absence of an orbital collateral supply from the contralateral external carotid and muscular cervical arteries systems, which contrasted with an adequate middle cerebral artery supply via the contralateral internal carotid artery, may explain this isolated and complete form of orbital ischemia due to common carotid artery occlusion.     

Parkinson''s disease in China. Coordinational Group of Neuroepidemiology, PLA.

An epidemiological study on the incidence and prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) was carried out in 29 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in this country in 1986. The survey was conducted in 117 areas, and 566 patients with PD were found among 3,869,162 persons examined, giving a point prevalence for men and women of 16.9/10(5) and 12.4/10(5), with the highest prevalence after the fifth decade of age. The disease was most prevalent in the southern part of China, especially in Hunan and Guangxi provinces. The incidence was 1.5/10(5)/yr in 1986. Both the prevalence and incidence of PD in China are lower than those in the white race and Japanese.

     

化疗药物配制方法探讨

为探讨化疗药物正确的配制方法，有效地预防化疗药物可能存在的职业危害，并使病人得到准确的用药剂量。提出配制化疗药物应在专门的化疗药物配制阃配制，使用特制的层流净化操作台，不具备条件者可在排风设备良好、空气流通的场所内配制。配制人员必须熟练掌握化疗药物的药理知识，配制时应严格做好查对工作。     

听力对语言影响的表现与矫正

目的 通过对302例药物致聋聋儿的临床观察,研究听力对语言影响的表现,从中摸索积极的矫正补偿方法,使聋儿能听会说,早日回归主流社会。方法:根据听力损失以1/2增益法,选择不同型号的助听器,用具有频率特性的玩具进行适应性训练,采用视觉强化测听法和言语测听法,调整助听器增益,努力使各频率尽可能进入言语香蕉图。结果 100%聋儿表现听觉的敏感性和言语的清晰度低,且存在不同程度的“重振”;聋儿助听补偿效果越好,语言清晰度越高;聋儿只能在信噪比>10 dB SPL的情况下才能听懂语言;言语识别中存在有不同种类的掩蔽现象;双耳配戴助听器对言语接受阈能提高约15%左右。结论:双耳配戴助听器以及利用助听器的微调和耳模的声学作用来改变助听器的频响,选择电脑编程、全数字、带有“AGC”功能、带有指向性麦克风等不同功能的助听器,都是十分有效的矫正措施;选择信噪比≥10 dB SPL的学习环境;充分利用视觉、触觉功能补偿作用;努力学习好辅音;教师正确控制语音、语速、声调、掌握抑扬顿挫,防止声音向上、向后、向前掩蔽。     

Delta hepatitis virus infection in China

To assess the prevalence, epidemiological features and prognostic implications of hepatitis D (Delta) in Sichuan Province, The People's Republic of China, 649 sera (515 from HBsAg positive patients and 134 from HBsAg negative subjects) were tested by radioimmunoassay (RIA) for antibody to the hepatitis D virus (anti-HD). Forty-seven sera (7.2%) showed some degree of reactivity. Serial dilutions of these sera indicated that prozoning was not responsible for the equivocal results. Thirty-four of the 47 sera were submitted under code to a second laboratory for independent analysis. According to those results anti-HD antibodies were detected in four of these sera. The overall prevalence of anti-HD in the HBsAg positive patients therefore was 0.8% (4/515). On the basis of clinical, biochemical and histological data 427 HBsAg positive sera were further divided into acute Type B hepatitis, chronic Type B hepatitis, healthy carrier state and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) subgroups. Two of 65 (3.1%) anti-HD positive sera belonged to the acute Type B hepatitis group; one of 104 (0.9%), the chronic Type B hepatitis group and one of 246 (0.4%), the healthy carrier group. No antibody was detected in sera from 12 HBsAg positive HCC patients. All HBsAg negative patients were negative for anti-HD antibody. The results of this study indicate that despite a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection, positive serology for delta virus is uncommon in Sichuan Province, The People's Republic of China.