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61.
Zhangling Chen Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier Yanping Li Megu Y. Baden JoAnn E. Manson Walter C. Willett Trudy Voortman Frank B. Hu Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju 《Diabetes care》2021,44(3):663
OBJECTIVEWe evaluated the associations between changes in plant-based diets and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe prospectively followed 76,530 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) (1986–2012), 81,569 women in NHS II (1991–2017), and 34,468 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–2016). Adherence to plant-based diets was assessed every 4 years with the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful PDI (hPDI), and unhealthful PDI (uPDI). We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). We pooled results of the three cohorts using meta-analysis.RESULTSWe documented 12,627 cases of type 2 diabetes during 2,955,350 person-years of follow-up. After adjustment for initial BMI and initial and 4-year changes in alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, and other factors, compared with participants whose indices remained relatively stable (±3%), participants with the largest decrease (>10%) in PDI and hPDI over 4 years had a 12–23% higher diabetes risk in the subsequent 4 years (pooled HR, PDI 1.12 [95% CI 1.05, 1.20], hPDI 1.23 [1.16, 1.31]). Each 10% increment in PDI and hPDI over 4 years was associated with a 7–9% lower risk (PDI 0.93 [0.91, 0.95], hPDI 0.91 [0.87, 0.95]). Changes in uPDI were not associated with diabetes risk. Weight changes accounted for 6.0–35.6% of the associations between changes in PDI and hPDI and diabetes risk.CONCLUSIONSImproving adherence to overall and healthful plant-based diets was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas decreased adherence to such diets was associated with a higher risk. 相似文献
62.
63.
Tao Huang Yan Zheng Qibin Qi Min Xu Sylvia H. Ley Yanping Li Jae H. Kang Janey Wiggs Louis R. Pasquale Andrew T. Chan Eric B. Rimm David J. Hunter JoAnn E. Manson Walter C. Willett Frank B. Hu Lu Qi 《Diabetes》2015,64(9):3146-3154
The first epigenome-wide association study of BMI identified DNA methylation at an HIF3A locus associated with BMI. We tested the hypothesis that DNA methylation variants are associated with BMI according to intake of B vitamins. In two large cohorts, we found significant interactions between the DNA methylation–associated HIF3A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3826795 and intake of B vitamins on 10-year changes in BMI. The association between rs3826795 and BMI changes consistently increased across the tertiles of total vitamin B2 and B12 intake (all P for interaction <0.01). The differences in the BMI changes per increment of minor allele were −0.10 (SE 0.06), −0.01 (SE 0.06), and 0.12 (SE 0.07) within subgroups defined by increasing tertiles of total vitamin B2 intake and −0.10 (SE 0.06), −0.01 (SE 0.06), and 0.10 (SE 0.07) within subgroups defined by increasing tertiles of total vitamin B12 intake. In two independent cohorts, a DNA methylation variant in HIF3A was associated with BMI changes through interactions with total or supplemental vitamin B2, vitamin B12, and folate. These findings suggest a potential causal relation between DNA methylation and adiposity. 相似文献
64.
Colorectal carcinoma is one of the commonest solid organ tumors in the world and its prevalence appears to be increasing in Asia. Recently, there has been much interest in various chemotherapeutic agents for the management of this condition, in particular nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). There is a large amount of data that suggest traditional NSAIDs, as well as the new cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 selective inhibitors such as rofecoxib and celecoxib, have a role in the setting of primary and secondary prevention, and adjuvant therapy of both sporadic colorectal carcinoma and familial adenomatous polyposis. This review examines some of this data, as well as the potential problems and limitations of using these agents, particularly in light of the recent withdrawal of rofecoxib. 相似文献
65.
Nutritional and socio-demographic risk indicators of malaria in children under five: a cross-sectional study in a Sudanese rural community 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This paper reports the results of a cross-sectional study of the association between nutritional, environmental and socio-demographic factors, and malaria occurrence among 445 children under 5 years of age in a Sudanese rural community. The overall frequency of malaria as defined by a history of clinical illness during the previous 2 months was 27%. Malaria occurrence was positively associated with the degree of malnutrition as assessed by weight-for-age. The age-adjusted odds ratio for mild malnutrition and history of malaria was 1.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7-2.0) and for moderate malnutrition and malaria was 2.1 (95% CI: 1.1-4.0). Malaria was less frequent among children 0-11 months of age relative to older children (OR = 0.4; 95% CI:0.2-0.7), and was inversely associated with ownership of a refrigerator (OR = 0.5; 95% CI:0.36-0.94), an indicator of socio-economic status. Indicators of crowding were the best predictors of the risk of malaria. Less malaria was observed in households with three or more rooms (OR = 0.6; 95% CI:0.37-0.98) and more malaria was observed in households with more than five people (OR = 2.5; 95% CI:1.4-4.5). Malaria was slightly, but not significantly, more frequent among boys and was associated with anaemia, which was probably an outcome of malaria in the past. These data suggest that undernutrition may increase the risk of malaria, and draw attention to the importance of socio-economic and environmental factors in relation to this disease. These relationships deserve further examination in prospective follow-up studies that are better able to evaluate the temporal relations of malnutrition and malaria. 相似文献
66.
Jinnie J. Rhee Josiemer Mattei Michael D. Hughes Frank B. Hu Walter C. Willett 《Diabetes care》2015,38(4):596-603
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate racial and ethnic differences in the association between a dietary diabetes risk reduction score and incidence of type 2 diabetes in U.S. white and minority women.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We followed 156,030 non-Hispanic white (NHW), 2,026 Asian, 2,053 Hispanic, and 2,307 black women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) (1980–2008) and NHS II (1991–2009). A time-updated dietary diabetes risk reduction score (range 8–32) was created by adding points corresponding with each quartile of intake of eight dietary factors (1 = highest risk; 4 = lowest risk). A higher score indicates a healthier overall diet.RESULTS
We documented 10,922 incident type 2 diabetes cases in NHW, 157 in Asian, 193 in Hispanic, and 307 in black women. Multivariable-adjusted pooled hazard ratio across two cohorts for a 10th–90th percentile range difference in dietary diabetes risk reduction score was 0.49 (95% CI 0.46, 0.52) for NHW, 0.53 (0.31, 0.92) for Asian, 0.45 (0.29, 0.70) for Hispanic, 0.68 (0.47, 0.98) for black, and 0.58 (0.46, 0.74) for overall minority women (P for interaction between minority race/ethnicity and dietary score = 0.08). The absolute risk difference (cases per 1,000 person-years) for the same contrast in dietary score was −5.3 (−7.8, −2.7) for NHW, −7.2 (−22.9, 8.4) for Asian, −11.6 (−26.7, 3.5) for Hispanic, −6.8 (−19.5, 5.9) for black, and −8.0 (−15.6, −0.5) for overall minority women (P for interaction = 0.04).CONCLUSIONS
A higher dietary diabetes risk reduction score was inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in all racial and ethnic groups, but the absolute risk difference was greater in minority women. 相似文献67.
68.
Lin Zhang Joseph JY Sung Jun Yu Siew C Ng Sunny H Wong Chi H Cho Simon SM Ng Francis KL Chan William KK Wu 《The Journal of pathology》2014,233(2):103-112
Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) account for roughly 80% and 10%, respectively, of gastric carcinomas worldwide. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved and intricately regulated cellular process that involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles into double‐membrane autophagosomes that eventually fuse with lysosomes for degradation of the engulfed content. Emerging evidence indicates that xenophagy, a form of selective autophagy, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of H. pylori‐ and EBV‐induced gastric cancer. Xenophagy specifically recognizes intracellular H. pylori and EBV and physically targets these pathogens to the autophagosomal–lysosomal pathway for degradation. In this connection, H. pylori or EBV‐induced dysregulation of autophagy may be causally linked to gastric tumourigenesis and therefore can be exploited as therapeutic targets. This review will discuss how H. pylori and EBV infection activate autophagy and how these pathogens evade recognition and degradation by the autophagic pathway. Elucidating the molecular aspects of H. pylori‐ and EBV‐induced autophagy will help us better understand the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and promote the development of autophagy modulators as antimicrobial agents. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 相似文献
69.
Ziad El-Khatib Maya Shah Samuel N Zallappa Pierre Nabeth José Guerra Casimir T Manengu Michel Yao Aline Philibert Lazare Massina Claes-Philip Staiger Raphael Mbailao Jean-Pierre Kouli Hippolyte Mboma Geraldine Duc Dago Inagbe Alpha Boubaca Barry Thierry Dumont Philippe Cavailler Michel Quere Brian Willett Souheil Reaiche Hervé de Ribaucourt Bruce Reeder 《Conflict and health》2018,12(1):42
Background
It is a challenge in low-resource settings to ensure the availability of complete, timely disease surveillance information. Smartphone applications (apps) have the potential to enhance surveillance data transmission.Methods
The Central African Republic (CAR) Ministry of Health and Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) conducted a 15-week pilot project to test a disease surveillance app, Argus, for 20 conditions in 21 health centers in Mambéré Kadéi district (MK 2016). Results were compared to the usual paper-based surveillance in MK the year prior (MK 2015) and simultaneously in an adjacent health district, Nana-Mambére (NM 2016). Wilcoxon rank sum and Kaplan-Meier analyses compared report completeness and timeliness; the cost of the app, and users’ perceptions of its usability were assessed.Results
Two hundred seventy-one weekly reports sent by app identified 3403 cases and 63 deaths; 15 alerts identified 28 cases and 4 deaths. Median completeness (IQR) for MK 2016, 81% (81–86%), was significantly higher than in MK 2015 (31% (24–36%)), and NM 2016 (52% (48–57)) (p?<?0.01). Median timeliness (IQR) for MK 2016, 50% (39–57%) was also higher than in MK 2015, 19% (19–24%), and NM 2016 29% (24–36%) (p?<?0.01). Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis showed a significant progressive reduction in the time taken to transmit reports over the 15-week period (p?<?0.01). Users ranked the app’s usability as greater than 4/5 on all dimensions. The total cost of the 15-week pilot project was US$40,575. It is estimated that to maintain the app in the 21 health facilities of MK will cost approximately US$18,800 in communication fees per year.Conclusions
The app-based data transmission system more than doubled the completeness and timeliness of disease surveillance reports. This simple, low-cost intervention may permit the early detection of disease outbreaks in similar low-resource settings elsewhere.70.
Dietary fiber and risk of coronary heart disease: a pooled analysis of cohort studies 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Pereira MA O'Reilly E Augustsson K Fraser GE Goldbourt U Heitmann BL Hallmans G Knekt P Liu S Pietinen P Spiegelman D Stevens J Virtamo J Willett WC Ascherio A 《Archives of internal medicine》2004,164(4):370-376
BACKGROUND: Few epidemiologic studies of dietary fiber intake and risk of coronary heart disease have compared fiber types (cereal, fruit, and vegetable) or included sex-specific results. The purpose of this study was to conduct a pooled analysis of dietary fiber and its subtypes and risk of coronary heart disease. METHODS: We analyzed the original data from 10 prospective cohort studies from the United States and Europe to estimate the association between dietary fiber intake and the risk of coronary heart disease. RESULTS: Over 6 to 10 years of follow-up, 5249 incident total coronary cases and 2011 coronary deaths occurred among 91058 men and 245186 women. After adjustment for demographics, body mass index, and lifestyle factors, each 10-g/d increment of energy-adjusted and measurement error-corrected total dietary fiber was associated with a 14% (relative risk [RR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-0.96) decrease in risk of all coronary events and a 27% (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61-0.87) decrease in risk of coronary death. For cereal, fruit, and vegetable fiber intake (not error corrected), RRs corresponding to 10-g/d increments were 0.90 (95% CI, 0.77-1.07), 0.84 (95% CI, 0.70-0.99), and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.88-1.13), respectively, for all coronary events and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.63-0.91), 0.70 (95% CI, 0.55-0.89), and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.82-1.23), respectively, for deaths. Results were similar for men and women. CONCLUSION: Consumption of dietary fiber from cereals and fruits is inversely associated with risk of coronary heart disease. 相似文献