海淀区医疗机构消毒工作管理现状与质量的调查

采用填表调查与采样检测方式,对海淀区各类医疗机构消毒隔离工作现状和消毒与灭菌质量进行调查。结果,73家医疗机构消毒隔离制度健全的占89.04％,能定期自查及检测的分别占71.23％、39.73％,每年对医护人员进行业务培训的占58.90％。紫外线灯使用正确及记录完整的分别占97.26％、94.52％,一次性医疗卫生用品使用后消毒、毁形者分别为69.86％、86.30％,供应室工作人员持证上岗的占64.38％。消毒灭菌合格率为98.67％。结果提示,应健全消毒隔离制度,加强对专业人员的消毒知识与技术培训,定期进行监督检查。     

恢刺法治疗急性腰扭伤的临床观察

目的观察恢刺法治疗急性腰扭伤的临床效果。方法 60例急性腰扭伤患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,对照组采取普通针刺治疗,治疗组采取恢刺法治疗,7 d为1个疗程。结果在治疗后3、7 d后,治疗组患者腰痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、腰椎活动ROM评分和血清C反应蛋白均明显低于对照组(P <0.05),日常生活动作评分明显高于对照组(P <0.05),中医综合疗效评价显示治疗组患者总有效率为85.71%,明显高于对照组的72.41%(P <0.05)。结论恢刺法治疗急性腰扭伤疗效明显。     

基因治疗原发性高血压的新途径:内皮型一氧化氮合成酶CDNA腺病毒载体在人胎肾293细胞的表达

研究内皮型一氧化氮合成酶（endothelialnitric oxide synthase,eNOS)CDNA 腺病毒载体 PadRSVeNOSCDNA 导入在人胎肾 293细胞 ( )中的表达。方法:大量制备及纯化质粒 eNOSCDNA ,将纯化eNOSCDNA 载体通过脂质体转染 293细胞48h 后,应用化学比色法测定293细胞提取物NOS 活性。结果:被转染 293细胞 NOS活性显著提高于未转染293细胞 NOS 活性犤( 0.62±0.03),(0.093±0.01)kU /L,P <0.001犦。结论:PA dRSVeNOSCDNA 导入人胎肾 293细胞是一种能使 NOS 活性显著升高的方法,为基因治疗原发性高血压及肾脏血管性疾病研究提供一条新的途径。     

异丙酚对大鼠内侧膝状体腹侧核团持续钠电流的影响

目的:研究异丙酚对大鼠内侧膝状体腹侧核团(MGBv)持续钠电流的影响. 方法: 42只SD大鼠,随机分为7组:0.9%氯化钠组(对照组)、5.6 μmolL-1、16.8 μmolL-1、56 μmolL-1、168 μmolL-1、560 μmolL-1异丙酚组和脂肪乳剂组(异丙酚溶媒组).采用脑片膜片钳技术,观察给药前后大鼠MGBv内持续钠电流的变化. 结果:6 μmolL-1异丙酚、0.9%氯化钠组(对照组)和10%脂肪乳剂(异丙酚溶媒组)对持续钠电流无影响(P<0.05),16.8 μmolL-1、 56 μmolL-1、 168 μmolL-1、560 μmolL-1异丙酚对持续钠电流有一定的的抑制作用.结论:5.6、16.8、56、168、560和1 800 μmolL-1异丙酚对大鼠MGBv内持续钠电流产生浓度依赖性抑制作用.     

桡骨远端骨折锁定钢板刚度的拓扑优化研究

目的对桡骨远端骨折锁定钢板结构进行优化设计,以应对骨折内固定个性化刚度需求。方法运用三维建模和计算机辅助设计软件完成桡骨远端骨折模型和常规钢板的模型构建,基于初始有限元分析结果,以轴向刚度下调33.33%且保留扭转刚度的90.00%以上作为优化目标,对常规钢板进行拓扑优化和重设计;通过有限元分析计算,对比常规钢板和优化钢板在轴向压缩和扭转工况下的内固定刚度和产生的骨折区应变。结果所获得的优化钢板轴向刚度为636.5 N/mm,下调幅度为19.7%,基本接近既定的目标刚度,优化后的扭转刚度为634.12 Nmm/°,下调幅度为8.8%,并未超出既定的目标限值;而骨折区应变变化方面,轴向应变相比切向应变呈现出更为显著的增加趋势,与刚度调控效果基本一致。结论通过拓扑优化的方法从钢板结构层面进行重设计,可实现骨折愈合的个性化内固定刚度调控。     

miR-223通过IGF-1R及NFIA调控乳腺癌细胞及破骨细胞功能的研究

目的探索miR-223在乳腺癌骨转移微环境中调控乳腺癌细胞、破骨细胞的功能及其机制。 方法采用micro-CT检测野生型及miR-223基因敲除小鼠股骨骨小梁骨体积分数、骨密度等相关数据,并对股骨组织病理切片染色,观察miR-223缺失对破骨活动影响。利用RANKL诱导RAW 264.7细胞分化为破骨细胞的体外模型,研究miR-223在其中的作用及机制。通过MDA-MB-231细胞实验研究miR-223对乳腺癌细胞增殖、凋亡功能的调控作用及机制。 结果miR-223基因敲除小鼠股骨破骨活动明显活跃;miR-223过表达可以通过NFIA基因抑制RNAKL诱导的破骨细胞分化成熟,还可通过抑制IGF-1R及PI3K/Akt信号通路,抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖并促进其凋亡。 结论miR-223是骨转移微环境中抑制乳腺癌骨转移发生发展的保护性因子,可通过抑制破骨细胞分化成熟、破骨活动、乳腺癌细胞增殖及促进乳腺癌细胞凋亡来调节乳腺癌骨转移微环境。     

Use of urinary balloon catheter to prevent postoperative bleeding after ultrasound‐guided vacuum‐assisted breast biopsy

Postoperative bleeding is the most frequent serious complications after vacuum‐assisted breast biopsy (VABB). The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of using urinary balloon catheter to prevent postoperative bleeding after ultrasound‐guided VABB. From May 2016 to June 2018, 324 patients who underwent ultrasound‐guided VABB were randomized into the study group and control group. In the study group, an urinary balloon catheter was inserted into the excision cavity to prevent bleeding and hematoma. In the control group, compression with thorax pressure bandage was used for hemostasis. Postoperative subcutaneous ecchymosis and hematoma were recorded and compared between the two groups. The rates of postoperative ecchymosis and hematoma in the study group were significantly lower than that in the control group (5.6% vs 13.0%, P < .05; 8.0% vs 20.4%, P < .05). Among patients with lesions ≤1.5 cm, the rates of postoperative ecchymosis and hematoma were 2.9% and 4.3% in the study group, 6.5% and 11.7% in the control group, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > .05). Among patients with lesions >1.5 cm, the rates of postoperative ecchymosis and hematoma in the study group were significantly lower than that in the control group (7.6% vs 18.8%, P < .05; 10.9% vs 28.2%, P < .05). Hemostasis with balloon urinary catheter is a safe and effective method to prevent postoperative bleeding after VABB.     

机器人荧光显影深部浸润型子宫内膜异位症手术一例并文献回顾

目的探讨吲哚菁绿荧光显影技术在机器人深部浸润型子宫内膜异位症手术中指导手术范围的可行性。 方法选取解放军总医院第一医学中心妇产科的深部浸润型子宫内膜异位患者1例,术前完善检查,无手术禁忌,拟行机器人全子宫双附件切除＋子宫内膜异位病灶切除术。术中利用吲哚菁绿荧光显影技术指示子宫内膜异位病灶进而对病灶进行切除。 结果病变定位准确,患者术后顺利出院。 结论机器人荧光显影技术能够清晰识别子宫内膜异位病灶。这项技术简单、快速,且能够在术中实现实时定位,指导手术范围。     

Clinical Guideline for Microwave Ablation of Bone Tumors in Extremities

Microwave ablation has been used to treat bone tumors in extremities for more than 30 years. With improved recognition, updated microwave equipment, and expanded clinical application, microwave ablation has recently been widely used to treat bone tumors. To standardize the application of microwave ablation in the clinical treatment of bone tumors in the limbs, research results and clinical experience involving the use of microwave ablation to treat bone tumors in the limbs have been summarized, and a clinical guideline has been designed. This guideline is aimed at providing a reliable clinical basis for indications, preoperative evaluation and decision‐making, perioperative treatment, complications, and other issues via evidence‐based medicine. Two aspects are considered—percutaneous microwave ablation and intraoperative microwave ablation of bone tumors in extremities. Ultimately, the guideline is intended to standardize treatment and improve the clinical efficacy of microwave ablation of bone tumors in extremities.