掌指关节的三维解剖及形态分析

目的：观测掌指关节关节面的几何形态,为人工关节的设计和应用提供解剖学依据。方法：10只成人手标本,解剖掌指关节,测量侧副韧带起点距掌骨头关节面的直线距离,三维数据检测仪获得关节面三维坐标数据,应用SPSS软件进行统计分析和成像。结果：掌骨头有双髁结构,桡侧髁略大,第1掌骨头形态特殊;各掌骨头高度的比较无显著差异;其掌侧关节面大于背侧,第2、3掌骨头关节面面积明显较大。近节指骨底在形态、高度和面积方面各序列相似;各序列侧副韧带起点桡侧较尺侧距离掌骨头关节面远。结论：手指人工关节的设计应符合解剖形态,并根据各序列形态的差异进行个体化设计,尤其拇指更应区别对待;手指人工关节的设计和应用中应注意软组织保护,关节的切除范围应注意保留侧副韧带的起止点。     

膨体聚四氟乙烯及其在颌面整形中的应用

膨体聚四氟乙烯 (expanded polytetrafluroethlene,e PTFE)自 80年代后期以来成为一种新兴的面部充填材料。本文对 e PTFE的材料性能、生物特性、理化特性种类及临床应用技术和在口腔颌面部整形中的应用等方面进行综述。     

More training needed in chronic care: a survey of US physicians.

PURPOSE: Although more than 125 million North Americans have one or more chronic conditions, medical training may not adequately prepare physicians to care for them. The authors evaluated physicians' perceptions of the adequacy of their chronic illness care training to and the effects of training on their attitudes toward care of persons with chronic conditions. METHOD: In November 2000 through June 2001, the authors surveyed by telephone a random sample of U.S. physicians who had > or =20 hours of patient contact per week. The interview instrument examined demographics, career satisfaction, practice characteristics, perceived adequacy of chronic illness care training in ten competencies (geriatric syndromes, chronic pain, nutrition, developmental milestones, end-of-life care, psychosocial issues, patient education, assessment of caregiver needs, coordination of services, and interdisciplinary teamwork), and effect of training on attitudes toward chronic illness care. RESULTS: Of 1,905 eligible physicians, 1,236 (65%) responded (270 family or general practitioners, 231 internists, 129 pediatricians, 335 nonsurgical specialists, and 271 surgeons). Most physicians reported their chronic disease training was less than adequate for all ten competencies. Family practitioners were more likely (p <.05) to report adequate training in seven competencies compared with internists, and in two to four competencies when compared with pediatricians, nonsurgical specialists, or surgeons. Most physicians reported that training had a positive effect on attitudes toward care of people with chronic conditions, including the ability to make a difference in their lives (74-84%). CONCLUSIONS: Physicians perceived their medical training for chronic illness care was inadequate. Medical schools and residencies may need to modify curricula to better prepare physicians to treat the growing number of people with chronic conditions.     

阿尔茨海默病患者的汉字阅读能力研究

目的:研究汉语文化背景下的阿尔茨海默病患者的阅读能力和失读的特点。方法:正常老人、轻、中、重度AD各20名,性别、年龄和教育程度匹配。4组受试简明精神状态量表(MMSE)总分分别为27.7±2.2分、21.2±2.2分、15.2±2.3分和6.9±2.6分。汉字阅读包括22个记号字、17个音符字和17个义符字。结果:不管是记号字、音符字还是义符字,在正常老人组、轻度AD组和中度AD组之间两两比较没有显著差异(P>0.05),音符字和义符字在中度和重度AD组之间比较有显著差异(P<0.01)。“视觉性错读”在四组之间没有显著差异(P>0.05),表层失读出现在AD早期,并在AD晚期明显加重,好发于声符与其本字的发音不一致的义符字,不能用左侧忽视来解释。深层失读仅出现在AD晚期。组词现象是汉字深层失读的主要类型。结论:可以通过汉字阅读能力的评估判断早期痴呆被试的病前智力。汉字失读的类型与西方语言不同。     

猪囊尾蚴抗原的免疫化学研究

应用琼脂双扩散(DID)、免疫电泳(IEP)、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)和十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)对猪囊尾蚴的各部分抗原,即完整幼虫、囊液、头节和囊壁抗原进行分析。实验结果表明,4种抗原间存在相同的抗原成分。囊液中含有糖蛋白和脂蛋白。囊液、头节和囊壁蛋白质的主要分子量均在100KDa以下。囊液与头节有3条分子量相同的主带(60、46、38KDa),与囊壁只有1条分子量(46KDa)相同主带。从免疫学和生物化学角度初步探索了囊液、头节和囊壁蛋白质之间的相互关系及主要蛋白质组分。     

益尔力口服液对饥饿运动小鼠肝糖原含量的影响

益尔力口服液主治强力疲劳、气血虚损引起的肢体疲倦、精神不振、举动乏力。用葸酮法研究表明,其对肝糖原合成有明显促进作用,可作为扶正固本指标之一。     

原发性开角型青光眼与高血压的关系

目的 探讨原发性开角型青光眼与高血压病的关系．方法 随机选择确诊原发性开角型青光眼50例，高血压病50例，观察眼压、血压、视乳头C／D比，视野，归纳总结．结果 50例原发性开角型青光眼中，血压高者25例(50％)．50例高血压病中，眼压高者38例(76％)，视野损害40例(80％)，光敏度下降35例(70％)，中心暗点25例(50％)，周边视野缩小17例(34％)，生理盲点扩大17例(34％)．结论 原发性开角型青光眼与高血压病有极大关联．     

定制化胫骨平台系统的构建及应用

为解决传统人工胫骨平台假体个体匹配性差，结构强度与生物活性难统一等问题，提出了定制化复合增强型人工胫骨平台系统的设计制造方法。采用解剖学建模技术设计出外形匹配，内含三维网状构架的复合假体模型，利用快速成型技术制造出假体的树脂原型，并分别通过精密铸造和粉末烧结技术制造出钛合金胫骨平台和大段多孔陶瓷人工骨。结果显示，该方法能快速而精确地制造出形状复杂的人工胫骨平台系统，是实现假体定制化制造的有利保证；通过将金属假体和多孔陶瓷人工骨复合，解决了载重部位大段骨缺损的修复问题。临床应用表明，该假体能与对侧关节匹配运动，通过将机械重建与生物重建相结合可实现受损关节的功能重建。     

Suppressive effects of Sairei-to on monoclonal antibody 1–22–3-induced glomerulonephritis: Analysis of effective components

The effects of treditional Chinese medlclne (Salrel-to) on experimental glomerulonephritls Induced In rats by monodonal antibody (mAb) 1–22–3 lnjectlon was examined. The level of proteinuria in the Sairel-to-treated group was significantly lower than that In the PBS treated group. This suppressive effect was caused by the major component of Sealer-to, Syo-salko-to but not by another component, Gorel-san. The suppressive effect of Syo-salko-to was Identified In Its components ( Bupleuri radix, Pindilae tuber and Zingibers rhizoma ), but not In the other combined components ( Ginseng radix and Zizyphl fructus ). Further study weeled that the suppressive effects of the combined components were mainly derived from Bupleuri radix . It was demonstrated that the actual active Ingredient is probably Salkosaponin-d. Light microscopy revealed that Sairel-to and Its effective components suppressed the proliferation of mesanglal cells and mesanglal matrix expansion. Semi quantitative morphological studies of glomerular lesions on the eighth day showed that Syo-salko-to and Its combined components ( Bupleuri radix, Zinglberis rhizoma and Pinelliae tuber ) suppressed mesanglal matrix expansion significantly compared with phosphate-buffered saline control groups (matrix score: 28.0±19.1 vs 102.3±14.1; 30.9±30.1 vs 102.3±14.1, p<0.005, respectively). It was concluded that Salkosaponln-d, as well as Bupleuri radix , Syo-salko-to and Sairel-to can suppress proteinurla and morphological changes In the rat glomerulonephritls model Induced by mAb 1–22–3.     

中学生对立违抗性障碍的父母养育方式和家庭环境特征的初步研究

目的：了解单纯对立违抗性障碍（ODD）儿童的父母养育方式及家庭功能。方法：应用向制儿童行为调查表、家庭环境量表中文版（FES～CV）、父母养育方式量表（EMBU），对115例单纯ODD儿童（研究组）和115名非ODD正常儿童（对照组）进行评定和病例对照分析，结果：ODD组儿童家庭矛盾性得分较对照组高（P〈0．01），ODD组父母双亲的“情感温暖．理解”得分均明显比对照组得分低（父亲P〈0．01，母亲P〈0.05）．而其“惩罚，严厉”和“拒绝，否认”二因子得分则明显比对照组高（P〈0．01）；ODD组母亲的“过分干涉，过度保护”，因子得分也明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：ODD中学生的家庭存在高度的矛盾性．他们的父母养育方式不良，应引起重视。